Entry Name Type I diabetes mellitus - Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque)
Description Type I diabetes mellitus is a disease that results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells. Certain beta-cell proteins act as autoantigens after being processed by antigen-presenting cell (APC), such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and presented in a complex with MHC-II molecules on the surface of the APC. Then immunogenic signals from APC activate CD4+ T cells, predominantly of the Th1 subset. Antigen-activated Th1 cells produce IL-2 and IFNgamma. They activate macrophages and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and these effector cells may kill islet beta-cells by one or both of two types of mechanisms: (1) direct interactions of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells with a beta-cell autoantigen-MHC-I complex on the beta-cell, and (2) non-specific inflammatory mediators, such as free radicals/oxidants and cytokines (IL-1, TNFalpha, TNFbeta, IFNgamma).
Class Human Diseases; Endocrine and metabolic diseaseBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Organism Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating macaque) [GN:
mcf ]
Gene 102136468 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
102137481 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
102140649 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
102139994 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
102145413 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain [KO:K06752 ]
102132662 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain [KO:K06752 ]
102144414 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR beta 5 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
102144039 mamu class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
102136862 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain [KO:K06752 ]
102133044 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
123572852 H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen, A-D alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
123572854 class II histocompatibility antigen, B-L beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
123572909 mamu class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
102140078 CD80; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 isoform X2 [KO:K05412 ]
102147235 CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform X1 [KO:K05413 ]
102146670 CD28; T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 isoform X2 [KO:K06470 ]
102122138 MAFA-F; mamu class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain F precursor [KO:K06751 ]
102138874 popy class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E isoform X3 [KO:K06751 ]
102141835 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0101 alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102123548 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0103 alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102138883 MAFA-B; class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0103 alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102117143 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: patr class I histocompatibility antigen, B-1 alpha chain [KO:K06751 ]
102120132 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0101 alpha chain [KO:K06751 ]
102140002 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0103 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
102116527 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain G-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102139406 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
Compound Reference Authors Rabinovitch A, Suarez-Pinzon WL.
Title Cytokines and their roles in pancreatic islet beta-cell destruction and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Journal Reference Authors Cox NJ, Wapelhorst B, Morrison VA, Johnson L, Pinchuk L, Spielman RS, Todd JA, Concannon P
Title Seven regions of the genome show evidence of linkage to type 1 diabetes in a consensus analysis of 767 multiplex families.
Journal Reference Authors Davies JL, Kawaguchi Y, Bennett ST, Copeman JB, Cordell HJ, Pritchard LE, Reed PW, Gough SC, Jenkins SC, Palmer SM, et al.
Title A genome-wide search for human type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes.
Journal Reference Authors Fujisawa T, Ikegami H, Kawaguchi Y, Yamato E, Takekawa K, Nakagawa Y, Hamada Y, Ueda H, Shima K, Ogihara T.
Title Class I HLA is associated with age-at-onset of IDDM, while class II HLA confers susceptibility to IDDM.
Journal Reference Authors Jaeckel E, Klein L, Martin-Orozco N, von Boehmer H.
Title Normal incidence of diabetes in NOD mice tolerant to glutamic acid decarboxylase.
Journal Reference Authors Nakayama M, Abiru N, Moriyama H, Babaya N, Liu E, Miao D, Yu L, Wegmann DR, Hutton JC, Elliott JF, Eisenbarth GS.
Title Prime role for an insulin epitope in the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice.
Journal Reference Authors Kent SC, Chen Y, Bregoli L, Clemmings SM, Kenyon NS, Ricordi C, Hering BJ, Hafler DA.
Title Expanded T cells from pancreatic lymph nodes of type 1 diabetic subjects recognize an insulin epitope.
Journal Reference Authors Lieberman SM, DiLorenzo TP.
Title A comprehensive guide to antibody and T-cell responses in type 1 diabetes.
Journal Reference Authors Lord SJ, Rajotte RV, Korbutt GS, Bleackley RC.
Title Granzyme B: a natural born killer.
Journal Related mcf04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
