Entry Name Type I diabetes mellitus - Macaca thibetana thibetana (Pere David's macaque)
Description Type I diabetes mellitus is a disease that results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells. Certain beta-cell proteins act as autoantigens after being processed by antigen-presenting cell (APC), such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and presented in a complex with MHC-II molecules on the surface of the APC. Then immunogenic signals from APC activate CD4+ T cells, predominantly of the Th1 subset. Antigen-activated Th1 cells produce IL-2 and IFNgamma. They activate macrophages and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and these effector cells may kill islet beta-cells by one or both of two types of mechanisms: (1) direct interactions of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells with a beta-cell autoantigen-MHC-I complex on the beta-cell, and (2) non-specific inflammatory mediators, such as free radicals/oxidants and cytokines (IL-1, TNFalpha, TNFbeta, IFNgamma).
Class Human Diseases; Endocrine and metabolic diseaseBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Organism Macaca thibetana thibetana (Pere David's macaque) [GN:
mthb ]
Gene 126952222 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
126952695 mamu class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
126952697 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain [KO:K06752 ]
126952698 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain [KO:K06752 ]
126952699 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1 beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
126952700 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1 beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
126952701 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
126952702 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
126952777 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
126952785 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
126952790 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain [KO:K06752 ]
126952792 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
126952793 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain [KO:K06752 ]
126952833 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
126947251 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0101 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
126947252 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0103 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
126953081 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
126953085 mamu class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain F-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
126953093 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0103 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
126953095 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, B-1 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
126953097 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: patr class I histocompatibility antigen, B-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
126953098 popy class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
126953131 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
126953169 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-5 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
126951109 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: M1-specific T cell receptor beta chain-like [KO:K10785 ]
126963192 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390 ]
Compound Reference Authors Rabinovitch A, Suarez-Pinzon WL.
Title Cytokines and their roles in pancreatic islet beta-cell destruction and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Journal Reference Authors Cox NJ, Wapelhorst B, Morrison VA, Johnson L, Pinchuk L, Spielman RS, Todd JA, Concannon P
Title Seven regions of the genome show evidence of linkage to type 1 diabetes in a consensus analysis of 767 multiplex families.
Journal Reference Authors Davies JL, Kawaguchi Y, Bennett ST, Copeman JB, Cordell HJ, Pritchard LE, Reed PW, Gough SC, Jenkins SC, Palmer SM, et al.
Title A genome-wide search for human type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes.
Journal Reference Authors Fujisawa T, Ikegami H, Kawaguchi Y, Yamato E, Takekawa K, Nakagawa Y, Hamada Y, Ueda H, Shima K, Ogihara T.
Title Class I HLA is associated with age-at-onset of IDDM, while class II HLA confers susceptibility to IDDM.
Journal Reference Authors Jaeckel E, Klein L, Martin-Orozco N, von Boehmer H.
Title Normal incidence of diabetes in NOD mice tolerant to glutamic acid decarboxylase.
Journal Reference Authors Nakayama M, Abiru N, Moriyama H, Babaya N, Liu E, Miao D, Yu L, Wegmann DR, Hutton JC, Elliott JF, Eisenbarth GS.
Title Prime role for an insulin epitope in the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice.
Journal Reference Authors Kent SC, Chen Y, Bregoli L, Clemmings SM, Kenyon NS, Ricordi C, Hering BJ, Hafler DA.
Title Expanded T cells from pancreatic lymph nodes of type 1 diabetic subjects recognize an insulin epitope.
Journal Reference Authors Lieberman SM, DiLorenzo TP.
Title A comprehensive guide to antibody and T-cell responses in type 1 diabetes.
Journal Reference Authors Lord SJ, Rajotte RV, Korbutt GS, Bleackley RC.
Title Granzyme B: a natural born killer.
Journal Related KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
