KEGG   PATHWAY: ptr04979
Entry
ptr04979                    Pathway                                
Name
Cholesterol metabolism - Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee)
Description
Cholesterol is an essential component of mammalian cell membranes as well as a precursor of bile acids, vitamin D and steroid hormones. Cholesterol homeostasis in humans is regulated by well-balanced mechanisms of intestinal uptake, endogenous synthesis, transport in lipoprotein particles, and biliary excretion. Its abnormal metabolism can lead to increased risk for various endocrine disorders and cardiovascular diseases.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
ptr04979  Cholesterol metabolism
ptr04979

Other DBs
GO: 0008203
Organism
Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) [GN:ptr]
Gene
464630  ABCA1; phospholipid-transporting ATPase ABCA1 isoform X2 [KO:K05641]
107967226  APOA1; apolipoprotein A-I [KO:K08757]
464031  LPL; lipoprotein lipase [KO:K01059] [EC:3.1.1.34]
743056  LCAT; phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase isoform X2 [KO:K00650] [EC:2.3.1.43]
455413  LIPG; endothelial lipase isoform X1 [KO:K22284] [EC:3.1.1.3]
458291  PLTP; phospholipid transfer protein isoform X1 [KO:K08761]
467982  CETP; cholesteryl ester transfer protein isoform X2 [KO:K16835]
746925  LIPC; hepatic triacylglycerol lipase isoform X3 [KO:K22283] [EC:3.1.1.3]
463949  CD36; platelet glycoprotein 4 isoform X2 [KO:K06259]
455722  LDLR; low-density lipoprotein receptor isoform X1 [KO:K12473]
470998  NCEH1; neutral cholesterol ester hydrolase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K14349] [EC:3.1.1.-]
737291  SOAT2; sterol O-acyltransferase 2 [KO:K00637] [EC:2.3.1.26]
457553  SOAT1; sterol O-acyltransferase 1 [KO:K00637] [EC:2.3.1.26]
743864  APOC1; apolipoprotein C-I, basic form isoform X2 [KO:K22286]
744578  APOC2; apolipoprotein C-II isoform X1 [KO:K22287]
468459  APOH; beta-2-glycoprotein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17305]
742370  ANGPTL3; angiopoietin-related protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K22288]
743667  ANGPTL4; angiopoietin-related protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08767]
100613809  ANGPTL8; angiopoietin-like protein 8 isoform X2 [KO:K22289]
452359  SCARB1; scavenger receptor class B member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K13885]
112204967  SORT1; sortilin 1 precursor [KO:K12388]
459058  APOB; apolipoprotein B-100 [KO:K14462]
456880  PCSK9; proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 precursor [KO:K13050] [EC:3.4.21.-]
104006796  LDLRAP1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 isoform X4 [KO:K12474]
462452  MYLIP; E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MYLIP [KO:K10637] [EC:2.3.2.27]
449586  APOE; apolipoprotein E precursor [KO:K04524]
452006  LRP1; prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04550]
459713  LRP2; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K06233]
461086  LRPAP1; alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor-associated protein precursor [KO:K22290]
466150  LIPA; lysosomal acid lipase/cholesteryl ester hydrolase [KO:K01052] [EC:3.1.1.13]
468231  STARD3; stAR-related lipid transfer protein 3 isoform X9 [KO:K22291]
745717  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
742793  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1-like [KO:K05862]
738876  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K15040]
737891  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041]
458887  TSPO; translocator protein [KO:K05770]
459951  sterol 26-hydroxylase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00488] [EC:1.14.15.15]
455288  VAPA; vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein A [KO:K06096]
469984  VAPB; vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B/C isoform X1 [KO:K10707]
455338  NPC1; NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12385]
450963  OSBPL5; oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 5 [KO:K20464]
450192  NPC2; NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K13443]
746738  STAR; steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K16931]
100609357  CIDEB; lipid transferase CIDEB [KO:K25914]
464191  CYP7A1; cytochrome P450 7A1 [KO:K00489] [EC:1.14.14.23]
470717  ABCB11; bile salt export pump isoform X2 [KO:K05664]
459190  ABCG5; ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K05683]
470363  ABCG8; ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 8 isoform X4 [KO:K05684]
449498  APOA2; apolipoprotein A-II isoform X1 [KO:K08758]
107966396  APOC3; apolipoprotein C-III [KO:K08759]
466792  APOA4; apolipoprotein A-IV [KO:K08760]
Compound
C00162  Fatty acid
C00187  Cholesterol
C00422  Triacylglycerol
C00865  Phospholipid
C01921  Glycocholate
C02530  Cholesterol ester
C05122  Taurocholate
C05465  Taurochenodeoxycholate
C05466  Glycochenodeoxycholate
C15610  Cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol
Reference
PMID:28577571
  Authors
Paththinige CS, Sirisena ND, Dissanayake V
  Title
Genetic determinants of inherited susceptibility to hypercholesterolemia - a comprehensive literature review.
  Journal
Lipids Health Dis 16:103 (2017)
DOI:10.1186/s12944-017-0488-4
Reference
PMID:24385507
  Authors
Oldoni F, Sinke RJ, Kuivenhoven JA
  Title
Mendelian disorders of high-density lipoprotein metabolism.
  Journal
Circ Res 114:124-42 (2014)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300634
Reference
PMID:15451808
  Authors
Lusis AJ, Fogelman AM, Fonarow GC
  Title
Genetic basis of atherosclerosis: part I: new genes and pathways.
  Journal
Circulation 110:1868-73 (2004)
DOI:10.1161/01.CIR.0000143041.58692.CC
Reference
PMID:18079757
  Authors
Wasan KM, Brocks DR, Lee SD, Sachs-Barrable K, Thornton SJ
  Title
Impact of lipoproteins on the biological activity and disposition of hydrophobic drugs: implications for drug discovery.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 7:84-99 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrd2353
Reference
PMID:18216769
  Authors
Ikonen E
  Title
Cellular cholesterol trafficking and compartmentalization.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9:125-38 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/nrm2336
Reference
PMID:26568191
  Authors
Vaziri ND
  Title
HDL abnormalities in nephrotic syndrome and chronic kidney disease.
  Journal
Nat Rev Nephrol 12:37-47 (2016)
DOI:10.1038/nrneph.2015.180
Reference
PMID:24854407
  Authors
Kingwell BA, Chapman MJ, Kontush A, Miller NE
  Title
HDL-targeted therapies: progress, failures and future.
  Journal
Nat Rev Drug Discov 13:445-64 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/nrd4279
Reference
PMID:25172365
  Authors
Do RQ, Nicholls SJ, Schwartz GG
  Title
Evolving targets for lipid-modifying therapy.
  Journal
EMBO Mol Med 6:1215-30 (2014)
DOI:10.15252/emmm.201404000
Reference
PMID:26247089
  Authors
Feingold KR, Grunfeld C
  Title
Introduction to Lipids and Lipoproteins
  Journal
Endotext (2000)
Reference
PMID:25551803
  Authors
Sacks FM
  Title
The crucial roles of apolipoproteins E and C-III in apoB lipoprotein metabolism in normolipidemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
  Journal
Curr Opin Lipidol 26:56-63 (2015)
DOI:10.1097/MOL.0000000000000146
Reference
PMID:20962428
  Authors
Yasuda T, Ishida T, Rader DJ
  Title
Update on the role of endothelial lipase in high-density lipoprotein metabolism, reverse cholesterol transport, and atherosclerosis.
  Journal
Circ J 74:2263-70 (2010)
DOI:10.1253/circj.CJ-10-0934
Reference
PMID:25359426
  Authors
Wang S, Smith JD
  Title
ABCA1 and nascent HDL biogenesis.
  Journal
Biofactors 40:547-54 (2014)
DOI:10.1002/biof.1187
Reference
PMID:28971105
  Authors
Hassan M
  Title
ANGPLT3: A novel modulator of lipid metabolism.
  Journal
Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2017:e201706 (2017)
DOI:10.21542/gcsp.2017.6
Reference
PMID:24397894
  Authors
Dijk W, Kersten S
  Title
Regulation of lipoprotein lipase by Angptl4.
  Journal
Trends Endocrinol Metab 25:146-55 (2014)
DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2013.12.005
Reference
PMID:11254896
  Authors
Huuskonen J, Olkkonen VM, Jauhiainen M, Ehnholm C
  Title
The impact of phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) on HDL metabolism.
  Journal
Atherosclerosis 155:269-81 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0021-9150(01)00447-6
Reference
PMID:22661899
  Authors
Shinkai H
  Title
Cholesteryl ester transfer-protein modulator and inhibitors and their potential for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
  Journal
Vasc Health Risk Manag 8:323-31 (2012)
DOI:10.2147/VHRM.S25238
Reference
PMID:26435212
  Authors
Norata GD, Tsimikas S, Pirillo A, Catapano AL
  Title
Apolipoprotein C-III: From Pathophysiology to Pharmacology.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 36:675-87 (2015)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2015.07.001
Reference
PMID:27312323
  Authors
Zhong LY, Cayabyab FS, Tang CK, Zheng XL, Peng TH, Lv YC
  Title
Sortilin: A novel regulator in lipid metabolism and atherogenesis.
  Journal
Clin Chim Acta 460:11-7 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.cca.2016.06.013
Reference
PMID:22510808
  Authors
Sorrentino V, Zelcer N
  Title
Post-transcriptional regulation of lipoprotein receptors by the E3-ubiquitin ligase inducible degrader of the low-density lipoprotein receptor.
  Journal
Curr Opin Lipidol 23:213-9 (2012)
DOI:10.1097/MOL.0b013e3283532947
Reference
PMID:25003069
  Authors
Jiang W, Song BL
  Title
Ubiquitin ligases in cholesterol metabolism.
  Journal
Diabetes Metab J 38:171-80 (2014)
DOI:10.4093/dmj.2014.38.3.171
Reference
PMID:22811413
  Authors
Lambert G, Sjouke B, Choque B, Kastelein JJ, Hovingh GK
  Title
The PCSK9 decade.
  Journal
J Lipid Res 53:2515-24 (2012)
DOI:10.1194/jlr.R026658
Reference
PMID:26015858
  Authors
Graham A, Allen AM
  Title
Mitochondrial function and regulation of macrophage sterol metabolism and inflammatory responses.
  Journal
World J Cardiol 7:277-86 (2015)
DOI:10.4330/wjc.v7.i5.277
Reference
PMID:27565112
  Authors
Elustondo P, Martin LA, Karten B
  Title
Mitochondrial cholesterol import.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1862:90-101 (2017)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.08.012
Reference
PMID:26041457
  Authors
Raiborg C, Wenzel EM, Stenmark H
  Title
ER-endosome contact sites: molecular compositions and functions.
  Journal
EMBO J 34:1848-58 (2015)
DOI:10.15252/embj.201591481
Reference
PMID:24554437
  Authors
van der Kant R, Neefjes J
  Title
Small regulators, major consequences - Ca(2)(+) and cholesterol at the endosome-ER interface.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 127:929-38 (2014)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.137539
Reference
PMID:20816088
  Authors
Kjolby M, Andersen OM, Breiderhoff T, Fjorback AW, Pedersen KM, Madsen P, Jansen P, Heeren J, Willnow TE, Nykjaer A
  Title
Sort1, encoded by the cardiovascular risk locus 1p13.3, is a regulator of hepatic lipoprotein export.
  Journal
Cell Metab 12:213-23 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2010.08.006
Related
pathway
ptr00100  Steroid biosynthesis
ptr00120  Primary bile acid biosynthesis
ptr00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
ptr04975  Fat digestion and absorption
ptr04976  Bile secretion
KO pathway
ko04979   
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