KEGG   PATHWAY: tad00480
Entry
tad00480                    Pathway                                
Name
Glutathione metabolism - Trichoplax adhaerens (placozoan)
Class
Metabolism; Metabolism of other amino acids
Pathway map
tad00480  Glutathione metabolism
tad00480

Module
tad_M00118  Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:tad00480]
Other DBs
GO: 0006749
Organism
Trichoplax adhaerens (placozoan) [GN:tad]
Gene
TRIADDRAFT_62141  hypothetical protein [KO:K00681] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13]
TRIADDRAFT_31903  hypothetical protein [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
TRIADDRAFT_59244  hypothetical protein [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
TRIADDRAFT_20381  hypothetical protein [KO:K00682] [EC:4.3.2.9]
TRIADDRAFT_57142  hypothetical protein [KO:K07232] [EC:4.3.2.7]
TRIADDRAFT_30232  hypothetical protein [KO:K01469] [EC:3.5.2.9]
TRIADDRAFT_27750  hypothetical protein [KO:K11204] [EC:6.3.2.2]
TRIADDRAFT_27782  hypothetical protein [KO:K11204] [EC:6.3.2.2]
TRIADDRAFT_63651  hypothetical protein [KO:K11205]
TRIADDRAFT_52594  hypothetical protein [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
TRIADDRAFT_32578  hypothetical protein [KO:K11142] [EC:3.4.11.1 3.4.11.5]
TRIADDRAFT_28416  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K01255] [EC:3.4.11.1]
TRIADDRAFT_64124  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K01255] [EC:3.4.11.1]
TRIADDRAFT_20166  hypothetical protein [KO:K11140] [EC:3.4.11.2]
TRIADDRAFT_56988  hypothetical protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_25309  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_53121  hypothetical protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_53353  hypothetical protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_63117  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_63627  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_37840  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_59618  hypothetical protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_64171  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_53118  hypothetical protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_59202  hypothetical protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_38086  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_59204  hypothetical protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_59619  hypothetical protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_64179  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_63898  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_60170  hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_30435  hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_63905  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_34448  hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_34453  hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_55179  hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_63816  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_55184  hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_63522  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_63817  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_58007  hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_64073  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_58006  hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_55906  hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_63899  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_63110  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_37628  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_30702  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_38221  hypothetical protein [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_56715  hypothetical protein [KO:K21888] [EC:1.8.5.1 2.5.1.18]
TRIADDRAFT_52087  hypothetical protein [KO:K00383] [EC:1.8.1.7]
TRIADDRAFT_23270  hypothetical protein [KO:K00031] [EC:1.1.1.42]
TRIADDRAFT_35221  hypothetical protein [KO:K00031] [EC:1.1.1.42]
TRIADDRAFT_64046  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K00033] [EC:1.1.1.44 1.1.1.343]
TRIADDRAFT_24087  hypothetical protein [KO:K00036] [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363]
TRIADDRAFT_59397  hypothetical protein [KO:K05360] [EC:1.8.4.2]
TRIADDRAFT_63884  expressed hypothetical protein [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
TRIADDRAFT_49888  hypothetical protein [KO:K11188] [EC:1.11.1.7 1.11.1.27 3.1.1.-]
TRIADDRAFT_34018  hypothetical protein [KO:K00310] [EC:1.5.4.1]
TRIADDRAFT_62355  hypothetical protein [KO:K00310] [EC:1.5.4.1]
TRIADDRAFT_33986  hypothetical protein [KO:K00310] [EC:1.5.4.1]
TRIADDRAFT_16556  hypothetical protein [KO:K00310] [EC:1.5.4.1]
TRIADDRAFT_62357  hypothetical protein [KO:K00310] [EC:1.5.4.1]
TRIADDRAFT_21044  hypothetical protein [KO:K00310] [EC:1.5.4.1]
TRIADDRAFT_27475  hypothetical protein [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
TRIADDRAFT_19621  hypothetical protein [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
TRIADDRAFT_53993  hypothetical protein [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
TRIADDRAFT_52094  hypothetical protein [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
TRIADDRAFT_62377  hypothetical protein [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
TRIADDRAFT_31473  hypothetical protein [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
TRIADDRAFT_60902  hypothetical protein [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
TRIADDRAFT_31500  hypothetical protein [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
TRIADDRAFT_60904  hypothetical protein [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
TRIADDRAFT_60920  hypothetical protein [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
TRIADDRAFT_60921  hypothetical protein [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
TRIADDRAFT_57643  hypothetical protein [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
TRIADDRAFT_31833  hypothetical protein [KO:K00802] [EC:2.5.1.22]
TRIADDRAFT_50804  hypothetical protein [KO:K10807] [EC:1.17.4.1]
Compound
C00005  NADPH
C00006  NADP+
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00037  Glycine
C00051  Glutathione
C00072  Ascorbate
C00077  L-Ornithine
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00127  Glutathione disulfide
C00134  Putrescine
C00151  L-Amino acid
C00315  Spermidine
C00669  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
C00750  Spermine
C01322  RX
C01419  Cys-Gly
C01672  Cadaverine
C01879  5-Oxoproline
C02090  Trypanothione
C02320  R-S-Glutathione
C03170  Trypanothione disulfide
C03646  Bis-gamma-glutamylcystine
C03740  (5-L-Glutamyl)-L-amino acid
C05422  Dehydroascorbate
C05726  S-Substituted L-cysteine
C05727  S-Substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine
C05729  R-S-Cysteinylglycine
C05730  Glutathionylspermidine
C16562  Glutathionylspermine
C16563  Bis(glutathionyl)spermine
C16564  Bis(glutathionyl)spermine disulfide
C16565  Aminopropylcadaverine
C16566  Glutathionylaminopropylcadaverine
C16567  Homotrypanothione
C16568  Homotrypanothione disulfide
C16663  Tryparedoxin
C16664  Tryparedoxin disulfide
Reference
  Authors
Josch C, Klotz LO, Sies H.
  Title
Identification of cytosolic leucyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1) as the major cysteinylglycine-hydrolysing activity in rat liver.
  Journal
Biol Chem 384:213-8 (2003)
DOI:10.1515/BC.2003.023
Reference
  Authors
Chu L, Lai Y, Xu X, Eddy S, Yang S, Song L, Kolodrubetz D.
  Title
A 52-kDa leucyl aminopeptidase from treponema denticola is a cysteinylglycinase that mediates the second step of glutathione metabolism.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 283:19351-8 (2008)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M801034200
Reference
  Authors
Cappiello M, Lazzarotti A, Buono F, Scaloni A, D'Ambrosio C, Amodeo P, Mendez BL, Pelosi P, Del Corso A, Mura U.
  Title
New role for leucyl aminopeptidase in glutathione turnover.
  Journal
Biochem J 378:35-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1042/BJ20031336
Reference
  Authors
Suzuki H, Kamatani S, Kim ES, Kumagai H.
  Title
Aminopeptidases A, B, and N and dipeptidase D are the four cysteinylglycinases of Escherichia coli K-12.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 183:1489-90 (2001)
DOI:10.1128/JB.183.4.1489-1490.2001
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Shaw MP, Wyllie S, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Trypanothione biosynthesis in Leishmania major.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 139:107-16 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.10.004
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Characterization of recombinant glutathionylspermidine synthetase/amidase from Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
Biochem J 364:679-86 (2002)
DOI:10.1042/BJ20011370
Reference
PMID:9677355
  Authors
Tetaud E, Manai F, Barrett MP, Nadeau K, Walsh CT, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Cloning and characterization of the two enzymes responsible for trypanothione biosynthesis in Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 273:19383-90 (1998)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.31.19383
Reference
  Authors
Ariyanayagam MR, Oza SL, Mehlert A, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Bis(glutathionyl)spermine and other novel trypanothione analogues in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:27612-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M302750200
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Aitcheson N, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Properties of trypanothione synthetase from Trypanosoma brucei.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 131:25-33 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(03)00176-2
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Tetaud E, Ariyanayagam MR, Warnon SS, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
A single enzyme catalyses formation of Trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 277:35853-61 (2002)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M204403200
Reference
  Authors
Comini M, Menge U, Wissing J, Flohe L.
  Title
Trypanothione synthesis in crithidia revisited.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 280:6850-60 (2005)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M404486200
Reference
PMID:7813456
  Authors
Hunter KJ, Le Quesne SA, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Identification and biosynthesis of N1,N9-bis(glutathionyl)aminopropylcadaverine (homotrypanothione) in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 226:1019-27 (1994)
DOI:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.t01-1-01019.x
Reference
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Meiering SK, Schmidt H.
  Title
The parasite-specific trypanothione metabolism of trypanosoma and leishmania.
  Journal
Biol Chem 384:539-49 (2003)
DOI:10.1515/BC.2003.062
Reference
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Comini MA.
  Title
Redox control in trypanosomatids, parasitic protozoa with trypanothione-based thiol metabolism.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1780:1236-48 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.03.006
Reference
PMID:8892297
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Ludemann H.
  Title
Reduction of dehydroascorbate by trypanothione.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 80:203-8 (1996)
DOI:10.1016/0166-6851(96)02689-8
Reference
  Authors
Dormeyer M, Reckenfelderbaumer N, Ludemann H, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
Trypanothione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by Trypanosoma brucei ribonucleotide reductase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 276:10602-6 (2001)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M010352200
Reference
  Authors
Schmidt H, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
Functional and physicochemical characterization of the thioredoxin system in Trypanosoma brucei.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:46329-36 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M305338200
Reference
PMID:9851611
  Authors
Tetaud E, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Cloning, expression and reconstitution of the trypanothione-dependent peroxidase system of Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 96:111-23 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(98)00120-0
Reference
  Authors
Castro H, Sousa C, Santos M, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Flohe L, Tomas AM.
  Title
Complementary antioxidant defense by cytoplasmic and mitochondrial peroxiredoxins in Leishmania infantum.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 33:1552-62 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0891-5849(02)01089-4
Reference
  Authors
Wilkinson SR, Temperton NJ, Mondragon A, Kelly JM.
  Title
Distinct mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes mediate trypanothione-dependent peroxide metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 275:8220-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.275.11.8220
Reference
  Authors
Konig J, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
A comparative study of type I and type II tryparedoxin peroxidases in Leishmania major.
  Journal
FEBS J 274:5643-58 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06087.x
Reference
  Authors
Hillebrand H, Schmidt A, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
A second class of peroxidases linked to the trypanothione metabolism.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:6809-15 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M210392200
Reference
  Authors
Soksawatmaekhin W, Kuraishi A, Sakata K, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K.
  Title
Excretion and uptake of cadaverine by CadB and its physiological functions in Escherichia coli.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 51:1401-12 (2004)
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03913.x
Reference
PMID:6798961
  Authors
Pegg AE, Shuttleworth K, Hibasami H.
  Title
Specificity of mammalian spermidine synthase and spermine synthase.
  Journal
Biochem J 197:315-20 (1981)
DOI:10.1042/bj1970315
Related
pathway
tad00220  Arginine biosynthesis
tad00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
tad00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
tad00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
KO pathway
ko00480   
LinkDB

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