KEGG   PATHWAY: biu05010
Entry
biu05010                    Pathway                                
Name
Alzheimer disease - Bos indicus (zebu cattle)
Description
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic disorder that slowly destroys neurons and causes serious cognitive disability. AD is associated with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Amyloid-beta (Abeta), a major component of senile plaques, has various pathological effects on cell and organelle function. To date genetic studies have revealed four genes that may be linked to autosomal dominant or familial early onset AD (FAD). These four genes include: amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PS1), presenilin 2 (PS2) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE). All mutations associated with APP and PS proteins can lead to an increase in the production of Abeta peptides, specfically the more amyloidogenic form, Abeta42. It was proposed that Abeta form Ca2+ permeable pores and bind to and modulate multiple synaptic proteins, including NMDAR, mGluR5 and VGCC, leading to the overfilling of neurons with calcium ions. Consequently, cellular Ca2+ disruptions will lead to neuronal apoptosis, autophagy deficits, mitochondrial abnormality, defective neurotransmission, impaired synaptic plasticity and neurodegeneration in AD. FAD-linked PS1 mutation downregulates the unfolded protein response and leads to vulnerability to ER stress.
Class
Human Diseases; Neurodegenerative disease
Pathway map
biu05010  Alzheimer disease
biu05010

Organism
Bos indicus (zebu cattle) [GN:biu]
Gene
109564357  ADAM10; disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 [KO:K06704] [EC:3.4.24.81]
109566404  ADAM17; disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 17 isoform X1 [KO:K06059] [EC:3.4.24.86]
109558723  APP; amyloid beta A4 protein [KO:K04520]
109572824  NAE1; NEDD8-activating enzyme E1 regulatory subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04532]
109569728  APBB1; amyloid beta A4 precursor protein-binding family B member 1 [KO:K04529]
109559721  glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
109558933  GAPDH; glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [KO:K00134] [EC:1.2.1.12]
109569448  BACE1; beta-secretase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04521] [EC:3.4.23.46]
109560497  BACE2; beta-secretase 2 [KO:K07747] [EC:3.4.23.45]
109554351  RTN3; reticulon-3 isoform X1 [KO:K20723]
109566080  RTN4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: reticulon-4 [KO:K20720]
109572408  PSENEN; gamma-secretase subunit PEN-2 [KO:K06170]
109565317  PSEN1; presenilin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04505] [EC:3.4.23.-]
109570674  PSEN2; presenilin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04522] [EC:3.4.23.-]
109578629  NCSTN; nicastrin isoform X1 [KO:K06171]
109555544  APH1A; gamma-secretase subunit APH-1A [KO:K06172]
109565057  APH1B; gamma-secretase subunit APH-1B isoform X1 [KO:K06172]
109552990  IDE; insulin-degrading enzyme isoform X1 [KO:K01408] [EC:3.4.24.56]
109559100  MME; neprilysin [KO:K01389] [EC:3.4.24.11]
109573661  MAPT; microtubule-associated protein tau isoform X1 [KO:K04380]
2885975  ND1; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 [KO:K03878] [EC:7.1.1.2]
2885976  ND2; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 [KO:K03879] [EC:7.1.1.2]
2885978  ND3; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 [KO:K03880] [EC:7.1.1.2]
2885973  ND4; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 [KO:K03881] [EC:7.1.1.2]
2885969  ND4L; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4L [KO:K03882] [EC:7.1.1.2]
2885979  ND5; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 [KO:K03883] [EC:7.1.1.2]
2885971  ND6; NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 [KO:K03884] [EC:7.1.1.2]
109554559  NDUFV1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial [KO:K03942] [EC:7.1.1.2]
109577897  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
109577904  NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K03943] [EC:7.1.1.2]
109560673  NDUFV3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944]
109556362  NDUFA1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945]
109562108  NDUFA2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946]
109559332  NDUFA4L2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948]
109557257  NDUFA4; cytochrome c oxidase subunit NDUFA4 [KO:K03948]
109563031  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5-like [KO:K03949]
109557580  NDUFA5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 [KO:K03949]
109559877  NDUFA6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950]
109561663  NDUFA7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951]
109566422  NDUFA8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952]
109559737  NDUFA9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953]
109561707  NDUFA11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956]
109558990  NDUFA12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 [KO:K11352]
109561373  NDUFA13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353]
109575488  NDUFB1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957]
109557699  NDUFB2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958]
109569478  NDUFB3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 isoform X1 [KO:K03959]
109578522  NDUFB4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960]
109557803  NDUFB5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial [KO:K03961]
109562816  NDUFB6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03962]
109561494  NDUFB7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963]
109579157  NDUFB8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03964]
109568198  NDUFB9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965]
109578665  NDUFB10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966]
109569901  NDUFS1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03934] [EC:7.1.1.2]
109578296  NDUFS2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03935] [EC:7.1.1.2]
109569054  NDUFS3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936] [EC:7.1.1.2]
109574960  NDUFS4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03937]
109556470  NDUFS5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938]
109564592  NDUFS6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939]
109561987  NDUFS7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial [KO:K03940] [EC:7.1.1.2]
109554324  NDUFS8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941] [EC:7.1.1.2]
109571065  NDUFC1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967]
109554455  NDUFC2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 [KO:K03968]
109574556  SDHB; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00235] [EC:1.3.5.1]
109578214  SDHC; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00236]
109556917  SDHD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237]
109571597  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
2885974  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
109568168  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
109576285  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00414]
109578614  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
109556339  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
109568482  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 isoform X1 [KO:K00417]
109562006  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
109571410  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K00419]
109561994  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
2885977  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
2885981  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
2885980  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
109572206  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
109567344  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263]
109575575  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
109565794  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial [KO:K02265]
109578798  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
109571230  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
109572149  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
109576415  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
109559616  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
109572405  uncharacterized protein LOC109572405 [KO:K02267]
109568427  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
109566018  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
109563709  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
109572397  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
109560438  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
109561950  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
109565214  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
109562311  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
109562312  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
109573429  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
109554587  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
109577844  ATP5A1; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial [KO:K02132]
109559350  ATP5B; ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K02133] [EC:7.1.2.2]
109567885  ATP5C1; ATP synthase subunit gamma, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02136]
109561980  ATP5D; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial [KO:K02134]
109557063  ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02135]
109575930  ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
109567286  ATP5E; ATP synthase subunit epsilon, mitochondrial [KO:K02135]
2885970  ATP6; ATP synthase F0 subunit 6 [KO:K02126]
109555938  ATP5F1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127]
109557834  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02128]
109559025  ATP5G2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
109573703  ATP5G1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
109566261  ATP5G3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial [KO:K02128]
109574351  ATP5H; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial [KO:K02138]
109557402  ATP5O; ATP synthase subunit O, mitochondrial [KO:K02137]
109559046  ATP5J; ATP synthase-coupling factor 6, mitochondrial [KO:K02131]
2885972  ATP8; ATP synthase F0 subunit 8 [KO:K02125]
109555307  HSD17B10; 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2 [KO:K08683] [EC:1.1.1.35 1.1.1.178]
109571170  PPID; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase D [KO:K05864] [EC:5.2.1.8]
109562011  VDAC1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 [KO:K05862]
109553821  VDAC2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040]
109553397  VDAC3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 [KO:K15041]
109561148  ADP/ATP translocase 1-like [KO:K05863]
109571027  SLC25A31; ADP/ATP translocase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05863]
109553455  SLC25A4; ADP/ATP translocase 1 [KO:K05863]
109553895  PPIF; peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase F, mitochondrial [KO:K09565] [EC:5.2.1.8]
109563092  LPL; lipoprotein lipase [KO:K01059] [EC:3.1.1.34]
109572732  APOE; apolipoprotein E isoform X1 [KO:K04524]
109559333  LRP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: prolow-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 [KO:K04550]
109579171  FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390]
109559729  TNFRSF1A; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1A [KO:K03158]
109554562  FADD; FAS-associated death domain protein [KO:K02373]
109569521  CASP8; caspase-8 [KO:K04398] [EC:3.4.22.61]
109559782  BH3-interacting domain death agonist-like isoform X1 [KO:K04726]
109559783  BH3-interacting domain death agonist-like isoform X1 [KO:K04726]
109565417  CALM1; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
109575003  calmodulin-alpha-like [KO:K02183]
109566056  CALM2; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
109568081  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
109570679  CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
109572535  CALM3; calmodulin isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
109564712  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
109563107  PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109553732  PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109560300  PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109566227  PPP3R1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 [KO:K06268]
109563306  PPP3R2; calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
109554386  BAD; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death [KO:K02158]
109566483  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
109566484  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
109557512  cytochrome c [KO:K08738]
109559418  APAF1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 [KO:K02084]
109570433  CASP9; caspase-9 [KO:K04399] [EC:3.4.22.62]
109553316  CASP3; caspase-3 [KO:K02187] [EC:3.4.22.56]
109554719  CHRM1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 [KO:K04129]
109553948  CHRM3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
109564896  CHRM5; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 [KO:K04133]
109562978  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
109554384  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
109567852  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
109567854  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
109564927  PLCB2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
109578088  GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A [KO:K05209]
109559635  GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B [KO:K05210]
109573357  GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C [KO:K05211]
109571774  GRIN2D; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D [KO:K05212]
109558615  CACNA1C; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C [KO:K04850]
109576190  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
109554975  CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
109575699  CHRNA7; neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-7 [KO:K04809]
109553778  MCU; calcium uniporter protein, mitochondrial [KO:K20858]
109578667  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109570973  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109564326  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
109576135  ITPR1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
109558547  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
109576552  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
109574167  ATP2A3; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
109578141  ATP2A1; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
109571032  ATP2A2; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
109556667  ATF6; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 alpha [KO:K09054]
109571020  XBP1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: X-box-binding protein 1 [KO:K09027]
109559326  DDIT3; DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein [KO:K04452]
109574052  ERN1; serine/threonine-protein kinase/endoribonuclease IRE1 [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
109566145  EIF2AK3; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08860] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109566626  TRAF2; TNF receptor-associated factor 2 [KO:K03173] [EC:2.3.2.27]
109563980  MAP3K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 [KO:K04426] [EC:2.7.11.25]
109560948  MAP2K7; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 [KO:K04431] [EC:2.7.12.2]
109561331  MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109560650  MAPK10; mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109553773  MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
109565265  EIF2S1; eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03237]
109559832  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
109575570  PSMA6; proteasome subunit alpha type-6 [KO:K02730] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109557554  PSMA2; proteasome subunit alpha type-2 [KO:K02726] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109575571  PSMA4; proteasome subunit alpha type-4 [KO:K02728] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109567279  PSMA7; proteasome subunit alpha type-7 isoform X1 [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109577989  PSMA8; proteasome subunit alpha type-7-like [KO:K02731] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109555980  PSMA5; proteasome subunit alpha type-5 [KO:K02729] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109569859  PSMA1; proteasome subunit alpha type-1 [KO:K02725] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109565201  PSMA3; proteasome subunit alpha type-3 [KO:K02727] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109574388  PSMB6; proteasome subunit beta type-6 [KO:K02738] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109566450  PSMB7; proteasome subunit beta type-7 [KO:K02739] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109574333  PSMB3; proteasome subunit beta type-3 [KO:K02735] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109556515  PSMB2; proteasome subunit beta type-2 [KO:K02734] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109564811  PSMB5; proteasome subunit beta type-5 [KO:K02737] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109555030  PSMB4; proteasome subunit beta type-4 [KO:K02736] [EC:3.4.25.1]
109565415  PSMC1; 26S protease regulatory subunit 4 [KO:K03062]
109572645  PSMC4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S protease regulatory subunit 6B [KO:K03063]
109564675  PSMC6; 26S protease regulatory subunit 10B [KO:K03064]
109569606  PSMC3; 26S protease regulatory subunit 6A [KO:K03065]
109573392  PSMC5; 26S protease regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03066]
109557377  PSMD2; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 2 [KO:K03028]
109571923  PSMD1; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03032]
109573981  PSMD3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 3 [KO:K03033]
109571398  PSMD9; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 9 [KO:K06693]
109573995  PSMD12; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 12 [KO:K03035]
109574026  PSMD11; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 11 [KO:K03036]
109575860  PSMD6; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K03037]
109572755  PSMD7; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7 [KO:K03038]
109555120  PSMD4; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K03029]
109567114  PSMD14; 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 14 [KO:K03030]
109572003  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8 [KO:K03031]
109571712  26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 8-like [KO:K03031]
109567273  ADRM1; proteasomal ubiquitin receptor ADRM1 [KO:K06691]
109576371  SEM1; 26S proteasome complex subunit DSS1 [KO:K10881]
109571319  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase, brain [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
109554508  CAPN1; calpain-1 catalytic subunit [KO:K01367] [EC:3.4.22.52]
109570370  CAPN2; calpain-2 catalytic subunit [KO:K03853] [EC:3.4.22.53]
109574425  CDK5R1; cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1 [KO:K11716]
109554451  SLC39A1; zinc transporter ZIP1 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
109561785  SLC39A3; zinc transporter ZIP3 [KO:K14709]
109564860  SLC39A2; zinc transporter ZIP2 isoform X1 [KO:K14709]
109571541  SLC39A4; zinc transporter ZIP4 [KO:K14710]
109559367  SLC39A5; zinc transporter ZIP5 isoform X1 [KO:K14711]
109577906  SLC39A6; zinc transporter ZIP6 [KO:K14712]
109576592  SLC39A7; zinc transporter SLC39A7 [KO:K14713]
109560298  SLC39A8; zinc transporter ZIP8 isoform X1 [KO:K14714]
109565287  SLC39A9; zinc transporter ZIP9 [KO:K14715]
109568891  SLC39A10; zinc transporter ZIP10 isoform X1 [KO:K14716]
109574241  SLC39A11; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: zinc transporter ZIP11 [KO:K14717]
109567739  SLC39A12; zinc transporter ZIP12 [KO:K14718]
109569604  SLC39A13; zinc transporter ZIP13 isoform X1 [KO:K14719]
109563106  SLC39A14; zinc transporter ZIP14 isoform X1 [KO:K14720]
109559099  SLC11A2; natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K21398]
109559101  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2-like [KO:K21398]
109558353  natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 2-like [KO:K21398]
109557798  CDK5; cyclin-dependent-like kinase 5 [KO:K02090] [EC:2.7.11.22]
109553157  CASP7; caspase-7 [KO:K04397] [EC:3.4.22.60]
109553197  DKK1; dickkopf-related protein 1 [KO:K02165]
109560271  DKK2; dickkopf-related protein 2 [KO:K02165]
109553354  DKK4; dickkopf-related protein 4 [KO:K02165]
109558697  WNT1; proto-oncogene Wnt-1 [KO:K03209]
109555924  WNT2B; protein Wnt-2b [KO:K00182]
109557407  WNT2; protein Wnt-2 [KO:K00182]
109561352  WNT3A; protein Wnt-3a [KO:K00312]
109573450  WNT3; proto-oncogene Wnt-3 [KO:K00312]
109576138  WNT4; protein Wnt-4 [KO:K00408]
109576252  WNT5A; protein Wnt-5a [KO:K00444]
109559776  WNT5B; protein Wnt-5b [KO:K00444]
109570782  WNT6; protein Wnt-6 [KO:K00445]
109558644  WNT7B; protein Wnt-7b [KO:K00572]
109576501  WNT7A; protein Wnt-7a [KO:K00572]
109578990  WNT8B; protein Wnt-8b [KO:K00714]
109561268  WNT8A; protein Wnt-8a [KO:K00714]
109560806  WNT9A; protein Wnt-9a [KO:K01064]
109570791  WNT10A; protein Wnt-10a [KO:K01357]
109559150  WNT10B; protein Wnt-10b [KO:K01357]
109569843  WNT11; protein Wnt-11 [KO:K01384]
109558182  FZD1; frizzled-1 [KO:K02432]
109569613  FZD7; frizzled-7 [KO:K02432]
109574394  FZD2; frizzled-2 [KO:K02235]
109575114  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: frizzled-3-like [KO:K02329]
109562801  FZD3; frizzled-3 [KO:K02329]
109554353  FZD4; frizzled-4 [KO:K02354]
109570198  FZD5; frizzled-5 [KO:K02375]
109567602  FZD8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: frizzled-8 [KO:K02375]
109568539  FZD6; frizzled-6 [KO:K02376]
109571551  FZD10; frizzled-10 [KO:K02842]
109578168  FZD9; frizzled-9 [KO:K02842]
109554405  LRP5; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03068]
109559652  LRP6; low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03068]
109559812  CSNK1E; casein kinase I [KO:K08960] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109573933  DVL2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 [KO:K02353]
109570328  DVL1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353]
109562775  DVL3; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 [KO:K02353]
109553209  FRAT1; proto-oncogene FRAT1 [KO:K03069]
109553193  FRAT2; GSK-3-binding protein FRAT2 [KO:K03096]
109567333  CSNK2A1; casein kinase II subunit alpha [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109572558  CSNK2A2; casein kinase II subunit alpha' isoform X1 [KO:K03097] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109577169  CSNK2B; casein kinase II subunit beta [KO:K03115]
109578518  AXIN1; axin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02157]
109561990  APC2; adenomatous polyposis coli protein 2 [KO:K02085]
109564604  APC; adenomatous polyposis coli protein isoform X1 [KO:K02085]
109576112  CTNNB1; catenin beta-1 [KO:K02105]
109562188  CSNK1A1; casein kinase I isoform X1 [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109555032  casein kinase I isoform X1 [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109555033  casein kinase I-like [KO:K08957] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109567916  KIF5C; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
109567994  KIF5B; kinesin-1 heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K10396]
109559319  KIF5A; kinesin heavy chain [KO:K10396]
109576927  KLC4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: kinesin light chain 4 [KO:K10407]
109554560  KLC2; kinesin light chain 2 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
109572842  KLC3; kinesin light chain 3 [KO:K10407]
109575346  KLC1; kinesin light chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K10407]
109571179  tubulin alpha-3 chain [KO:K07374]
109559138  tubulin alpha-1A chain isoform X1 [KO:K07374]
109559139  tubulin alpha-1C chain [KO:K07374]
109559140  tubulin alpha-1C chain-like [KO:K07374]
109559142  tubulin alpha-1B chain [KO:K07374]
109563249  tubulin alpha-1A chain-like [KO:K07374]
109559787  TUBA8; tubulin alpha-8 chain [KO:K07374]
109568071  TUBAL3; tubulin alpha chain-like 3 [KO:K07374]
109570981  tubulin alpha-3 chain-like [KO:K07374]
109572490  tubulin alpha-1C chain-like [KO:K07374]
109571050  TUBA4A; tubulin alpha-4A chain [KO:K07374]
109571090  tubulin alpha-1D chain [KO:K07374]
109572609  TUBB3; tubulin beta-3 chain isoform X1 [KO:K07375]
109561689  TUBB4A; tubulin beta-4A chain [KO:K07375]
109577043  tubulin beta-2B chain [KO:K07375]
109577044  tubulin beta-2A chain [KO:K07375]
109567288  TUBB1; tubulin beta-1 chain [KO:K07375]
109577071  TUBB; tubulin beta chain [KO:K07375]
109577918  TUBB6; tubulin beta-6 chain [KO:K07375]
109577209  AGER; advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor isoform X1 [KO:K19722]
109560940  GTPase HRas-like [KO:K02833]
109559581  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
109555890  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
109555027  ARAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase A-Raf isoform X1 [KO:K08845] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109557698  BRAF; serine/threonine-protein kinase B-raf isoform X1 [KO:K04365] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109576053  RAF1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109564697  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
109561751  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
109555106  NOX1; NADPH oxidase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K08008]
109554594  NOX4; NADPH oxidase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K21423] [EC:1.6.3.-]
109554392  RELA; transcription factor p65 [KO:K04735]
109560296  NFKB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit [KO:K02580]
109574459  NOS2; nitric oxide synthase, inducible [KO:K13241] [EC:1.14.13.39]
109570734  PTGS2; prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 [KO:K11987] [EC:1.14.99.1]
109577428  TNF; tumor necrosis factor [KO:K03156]
109558077  IL6; interleukin-6 [KO:K05405]
109566132  IL1A; interleukin-1 alpha [KO:K04383]
109566133  IL1B; interleukin-1 beta [KO:K04519]
109555962  CSF1; macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05453]
109560339  SNCA; alpha-synuclein [KO:K04528]
109565977  EIF2AK2; interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase [KO:K16195] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109553086  CHUK; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04467] [EC:2.7.11.10]
109553353  IKBKB; inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta [KO:K07209] [EC:2.7.11.10]
109554336  INS; insulin isoform X1 [KO:K04526]
109571355  IRS1; insulin receptor substrate 1 [KO:K16172]
109567100  IRS2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: insulin receptor substrate 2 [KO:K07187]
109578427  insulin receptor substrate 1-like [KO:K17445]
109555543  IRS4; insulin receptor substrate 4 [KO:K17446]
109574805  PIK3R1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649]
109561418  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649]
109556345  phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma [KO:K02649]
109559805  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
109570415  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
109557823  PIK3CA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
109572496  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109570286  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109570401  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109571223  ULK1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK1 [KO:K21357] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109573261  ULK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase ULK2 [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109559074  ATG101; autophagy-related protein 101 [KO:K19730]
109569645  ATG13; autophagy-related protein 13 isoform X1 [KO:K08331]
109568430  RB1CC1; RB1-inducible coiled-coil protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17589]
109569559  AMBRA1; activating molecule in BECN1-regulated autophagy protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17985]
109570134  BECN2; beclin-2 [KO:K08334]
109574041  BECN1; beclin-1 [KO:K08334]
109561669  PIK3R4; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
109565189  ATG14; beclin 1-associated autophagy-related key regulator isoform X1 [KO:K17889]
109553615  NRBF2; nuclear receptor-binding factor 2 [KO:K21246]
109577642  PIK3C3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3 [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
109554470  ATG2A; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog A isoform X1 [KO:K17906]
109575241  ATG2B; autophagy-related protein 2 homolog B [KO:K17906]
109573378  WIPI1; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K17908]
109578618  WIPI2; WD repeat domain phosphoinositide-interacting protein 2 [KO:K17908]
Compound
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00038  Zinc cation
C00070  Copper
C00076  Calcium cation
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00704  Superoxide
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01319  Hg
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C14818  Fe2+
C16514  Amyloid beta protein 40
C16515  Amyloid beta protein 42
C16845  Peroxynitrite
C19610  Manganese(2+)
C21011  [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine
C21012  [Protein]-N(epsilon)-(carboxyethyl)lysine
C21013  [Protein]-pyrraline
C21014  [Protein]-pentosidine
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Dickson DW
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Apoptotic mechanisms in Alzheimer neurofibrillary degeneration: cause or effect?
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J Clin Invest 114:23-7 (2004)
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Mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease.
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J Pharmacol Sci 97:312-6 (2005)
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Neuronal calcium mishandling and the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Trends Neurosci 31:454-63 (2008)
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Possible causes of Alzheimer's disease: amyloid fragments, free radicals, and calcium homeostasis.
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Neurobiol Dis 5:129-41 (1998)
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Calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease.
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Neurochem Int 52:621-33 (2008)
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Ion channels in the regulation of apoptosis.
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Biochim Biophys Acta 1848:2532-46 (2015)
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Popugaeva E, Pchitskaya E, Bezprozvanny I
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Dysregulation of Intracellular Calcium Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease.
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Antioxid Redox Signal 29:1176-1188 (2018)
DOI:10.1089/ars.2018.7506
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Tan Y, Deng Y, Qing H
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Calcium channel blockers and Alzheimer's disease.
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Neural Regen Res 7:137-40 (2012)
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.02.010
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Alzheimer's disease and Abeta toxicity: from top to bottom.
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Nat Rev Neurosci 2:595-8 (2001)
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Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and therapeutic interventions.
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J Clin Neurosci 11:456-67 (2004)
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Presenilin-mediated signal transduction.
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Physiol Behav 92:93-7 (2007)
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Presenilins: role in calcium homeostasis.
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Int J Biochem Cell Biol 44:1983-6 (2012)
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Presenilins function in ER calcium leak and Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
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Cell Calcium 50:303-9 (2011)
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March separate, strike together--role of phosphorylated TAU in mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease.
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Role of GPCR signaling and calcium dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease.
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Related
pathway
biu00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
biu03050  Proteasome
biu04020  Calcium signaling pathway
biu04140  Autophagy - animal
biu04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
biu04210  Apoptosis
biu04310  Wnt signaling pathway
biu04910  Insulin signaling pathway
biu04933  AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications
KO pathway
ko05010   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system