Entry
Name
Chemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species - Mus pahari (shrew mouse)
Description
It is well established that cancer is a multi-step process which involves initiation, promotion and progression. Chemical carcinogens can alter any of these processes to induce their carcinogenic effects. In the majority of instances, chemical carcinogens, directly or after xenobiotic metabolism, induce DNA damage and act in a 'genotoxic' manner. There is, however, a group of carcinogens that induce cancer via nongenotoxic mechanisms. The biochemical modes of action for nongenotoxic carcinogens are diverse, one example of which is induction of oxidative stress. Trace metals and organic xenobiotics are typical classes of environmental pollutants with prooxidant effects. Trace metals generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) depending on their ability to lose electrons and catalyze Haber Weiss and Fenton reactions. ROS are also generated due to induction of various cytochrome P450 isoenzymes during detoxification of chemical carcinogens. Increased ROS generation often has been linked to DNA damage that can lead to mutations and may, therefore, play an important role in the initiation and progression of multistage carcinogenesis. Besides causing DNA damage, ROS further induce multiple intracellular signaling pathways, notably NF-kappa B, JNK/SAPK/p38, as well as Erk/MAPK. These signaling routes can lead to transcriptional induction of target genes that could promote proliferation or confer apoptosis resistance to exposed cells.
Class
Human Diseases; Cancer: overview
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
mpah05208 Chemical carcinogenesis - reactive oxygen species
Ortholog table
Organism
Mus pahari (shrew mouse) [GN:
mpah ]
Gene
110316888 Ndufv1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03942 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
110338235 Ndufv3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03944 ]
110313685 Ndufa1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03945 ]
110333203 Ndufa2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 2 [KO:K03946 ]
110337062 Ndufa3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03947 ]
110326234 Ndufa4l2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 4-like 2 [KO:K03948 ]
110316386 Ndufa5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03949 ]
110335084 Ndufa6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 6 [KO:K03950 ]
110335777 Ndufa7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03951 ]
110318772 Ndufa8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 8 [KO:K03952 ]
110316704 Ndufa9; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 9, mitochondrial [KO:K03953 ]
110321748 Ndufa10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 10, mitochondrial [KO:K03954 ]
110335867 Ndufa11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 11 [KO:K03956 ]
110326784 Ndufa12; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 12 isoform X1 [KO:K11352 ]
110336643 Ndufa13; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 alpha subcomplex subunit 13 [KO:K11353 ]
110324555 Ndufb1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 1 [KO:K03957 ]
110317149 Ndufb2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K03958 ]
110322308 Ndufb3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3 [KO:K03959 ]
110326037 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 3-like [KO:K03959 ]
110329959 Ndufb4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 4 [KO:K03960 ]
110320492 Ndufb5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 5, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03961 ]
110338914 Ndufb6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6 isoform X1 [KO:K03962 ]
110333533 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 6-like [KO:K03962 ]
110337650 Ndufb7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 7 [KO:K03963 ]
110331668 Ndufb8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 8, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03964 ]
110334970 Ndufb9; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K03965 ]
110338345 Ndufb10; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 10 [KO:K03966 ]
110314570 Ndufb11; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 beta subcomplex subunit 11, mitochondrial [KO:K11351 ]
110321204 Ndufs1; NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03934 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
110321406 Ndufs2; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03935 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
110318572 Ndufs3; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 3, mitochondrial [KO:K03936 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
110329019 Ndufs4; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 4, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K03937 ]
110323693 Ndufs5; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 5 [KO:K03938 ]
110329167 Ndufs6; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 6, mitochondrial [KO:K03939 ]
110326881 Ndufs7; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 7, mitochondrial [KO:K03940 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
110327359 Ndufs8; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 8, mitochondrial [KO:K03941 ] [EC:7.1.1.2 ]
110320722 Ndufc1; NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K03967 ]
110332408 NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] 1 subunit C2 isoform X1 [KO:K03968 ]
110328746 Sdha; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00234 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
110323139 Sdhb; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00235 ] [EC:1.3.5.1 ]
110322178 Sdhc; succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00236 ]
110324197 succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K00237 ]
110328112 Sdhd; succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial [KO:K00237 ]
110323660 cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416 ]
110319299 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263 ]
110337554 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263 ]
110335711 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270 ]
110333376 Atp5a1; ATP synthase subunit alpha, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02132 ]
110326670 Atp5d; ATP synthase subunit delta, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02134 ]
110320209 Atp5f1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit B1, mitochondrial [KO:K02127 ]
110318554 Atp5g3; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C3, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128 ]
110331847 Atp5g1; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C1, mitochondrial [KO:K02128 ]
110334965 Atp5g2; ATP synthase F(0) complex subunit C2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02128 ]
110320480 ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K02138 ]
110332361 Atp5h; ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02138 ]
110331342 Vdac1; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05862 ]
110325370 Vdac2; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 2 [KO:K15040 ]
110336305 Vdac3; voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K15041 ]
110327525 Slc26a6; solute carrier family 26 member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K14704 ]
110331195 Grb2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04364 ]
110328811 Pik3r1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
110336420 Pik3r2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K02649 ]
110322865 Pik3r3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649 ]
110323448 Pik3cd; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
110319750 Pik3ca; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
110327251 Pik3cb; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922 ] [EC:2.7.1.153 ]
110339030 Rac1; ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04392 ]
110326250 Bad; bcl2-associated agonist of cell death isoform X1 [KO:K02158 ]
110319789 Nfkb1; nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p105 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K02580 ]
110335444 Vegfa; vascular endothelial growth factor A isoform X1 [KO:K05448 ]
110318263 Nfe2l2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05638 ]
Compound
C00019 S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
C00021 S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
C03434 Tetrachlorohydroquinone
C03622 N-Hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C07557 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
C14209 4-Hydroxy-17beta-estradiol
C14850 Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-oxide
C14852 Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol
C16038 2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine
C16453 4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
C18205 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether
C22355 Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol
C22356 Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione
C22357 17beta-Estradiol-2,3-quinone
C22381 Reactive oxygen species
Reference
Authors
Henkler F, Brinkmann J, Luch A
Title
The role of oxidative stress in carcinogenesis induced by metals and xenobiotics.
Journal
Reference
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Title
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Journal
Related pathway
mpah00980 Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450
mpah05207 Chemical carcinogenesis - receptor activation
KO pathway
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