KEGG   PATHWAY: oaa04072
Entry
oaa04072                    Pathway                                
Name
Phospholipase D signaling pathway - Ornithorhynchus anatinus (platypus)
Description
Phospholipase D (PLD) is an essential enzyme responsible for the production of the lipid second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA), which is involved in fundamental cellular processes, including membrane trafficking, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, cell proliferation and cell survival. PLD activity can be stimulated by a large number of cell surface receptors and is elaborately regulated by intracellular factors, including protein kinase C isoforms, small GTPases of the ARF, Rho and Ras families and the phosphoinositide, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). The PLD-produced PA activates signaling proteins and acts as a node within the membrane to which signaling proteins translocate. Several signaling proteins, including Raf-1 and mTOR, directly bind PA to mediate translocation or activation, respectively.
Class
Environmental Information Processing; Signal transduction
Pathway map
oaa04072  Phospholipase D signaling pathway
oaa04072

Organism
Ornithorhynchus anatinus (platypus) [GN:oaa]
Gene
100074960  EGF; pro-epidermal growth factor isoform X1 [KO:K04357]
100081033  PDGFA; platelet-derived growth factor subunit A isoform X1 [KO:K04359]
100085757  PDGFB; platelet-derived growth factor subunit B [KO:K17386]
100079757  PDGFC; platelet-derived growth factor C isoform X2 [KO:K05450]
100078558  PDGFD; platelet-derived growth factor D isoform X1 [KO:K05450]
100080577  KITLG; kit ligand isoform X1 [KO:K05461]
114810063  INS; insulin [KO:K04526]
100075894  EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100084432  PDGFRA; platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha [KO:K04363] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100079459  PDGFRB; platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta [KO:K05089] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100075317  KIT; mast/stem cell growth factor receptor Kit isoform X1 [KO:K05091] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100079104  INSR; insulin receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04527] [EC:2.7.10.1]
100075806  GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]
100082582  GAB1; GRB2-associated-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09593]
100079362  GAB2; GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 [KO:K08091]
114808180  SHC1; SHC-transforming protein 1 [KO:K06279]
100081397  SHC2; SHC-transforming protein 2 [KO:K17447]
100089978  PTPN11; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11 [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
100086381  tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 11-like [KO:K07293] [EC:3.1.3.48]
100084645  SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
100078989  SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03099]
114809992  HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]
100085430  KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]
100074671  NRAS; GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]
103169212  MRAS; ras-related protein M-Ras [KO:K07831]
114814624  RRAS; ras-related protein R-Ras [KO:K07829]
100090494  RRAS2; ras-related protein R-Ras2 [KO:K07830]
100080818  RALGDS; ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator isoform X1 [KO:K08732]
100075904  RALA; ras-related protein Ral-A [KO:K07834]
100087330  RALB; ras-related protein Ral-B [KO:K07835]
100086270  PIK3CB; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100073788  PIK3CA; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100074273  PIK3CD; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100080187  PIK3R2; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
100082075  PIK3R3; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K02649]
103167126  PIK3R1; phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit alpha [KO:K02649]
100083320  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100081473  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100090267  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X2 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100080641  TSC1; hamartin isoform X4 [KO:K07206]
100086661  TSC2; tuberin isoform X1 [KO:K07207]
100082482  RHEB; GTP-binding protein Rheb [KO:K07208]
100079751  MTOR; serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR isoform X1 [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100073519  RHOA; transforming protein RhoA isoform X2 [KO:K04513]
100079193  transforming protein RhoA-like [KO:K04513]
114816236  ARF1; ADP-ribosylation factor 1 [KO:K07937]
100080776  ADP-ribosylation factor 2 [KO:K07937]
100086009  ADP-ribosylation factor-like [KO:K07937]
100093050  ADP-ribosylation factor 6-like [KO:K07941]
100077992  ARF6; ADP-ribosylation factor 6 [KO:K07941]
100078757  PLCG1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01116] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100076776  PLCG2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase gamma-2 [KO:K05859] [EC:3.1.4.11]
103166634  Ig heavy chain Mem5 [KO:K06856]
100085707  FCER1G; high affinity immunoglobulin epsilon receptor subunit gamma [KO:K07983]
100073798  FYN; tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn isoform X1 [KO:K05703] [EC:2.7.10.2]
114808729  SYK; tyrosine-protein kinase SYK isoform X1 [KO:K05855] [EC:2.7.10.2]
103167269  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: tyrosine-protein kinase SYK-like [KO:K05855] [EC:2.7.10.2]
100079107  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
100083157  PLD1; phospholipase D1 isoform X1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
103169305  PLD2; phospholipase D2 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]
100086135  PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 isoform X1 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100085563  cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma-like [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100088466  PLA2G4D; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytosolic phospholipase A2 delta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100088450  PLA2G4E; cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100086783  cytosolic phospholipase A2 gamma-like [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100681775  PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]
100081509  AGPAT2; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase beta [KO:K13509] [EC:2.3.1.51]
100089235  AGPAT1; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase alpha isoform X2 [KO:K13509] [EC:2.3.1.51]
100081323  AGPAT3; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase gamma [KO:K13523] [EC:2.3.1.51 2.3.1.-]
100092678  AGPAT4; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase delta isoform X1 [KO:K13523] [EC:2.3.1.51 2.3.1.-]
100075037  AGPAT5; 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase epsilon [KO:K19007] [EC:2.3.1.51]
100076678  SPHK1; sphingosine kinase 1 [KO:K04718] [EC:2.7.1.91]
100089456  RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]
100080362  MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100087942  MAP2K2; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]
100085480  MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100086487  MAPK3; mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
100074263  PIP5K1B; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 beta isoform X1 [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
100080469  PIP5K1C; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 gamma isoform X1 [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
103168955  PIP5K1A; phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase type-1 alpha [KO:K00889] [EC:2.7.1.68]
100082465  DGKI; diacylglycerol kinase iota isoform X2 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
100083525  DGKQ; diacylglycerol kinase theta [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
100080945  DGKB; diacylglycerol kinase beta isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
100076271  DGKH; diacylglycerol kinase eta isoform X5 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
100093422  DGKE; diacylglycerol kinase epsilon [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
100079561  DGKK; diacylglycerol kinase kappa isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
100084285  DGKD; diacylglycerol kinase delta isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
100084397  DGKA; diacylglycerol kinase alpha isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
100091692  DGKZ; diacylglycerol kinase zeta isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
103165327  DGKG; diacylglycerol kinase gamma isoform X1 [KO:K00901] [EC:2.7.1.107]
100090109  phospholipid phosphatase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
100084258  PLPP1; phospholipid phosphatase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
100087743  PLPP2; phospholipid phosphatase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
114805419  PLPP3; phospholipid phosphatase 3 [KO:K01080] [EC:3.1.3.4]
100081028  F2; prothrombin [KO:K01313] [EC:3.4.21.5]
100092976  AGT; angiotensinogen [KO:K09821]
100089405  vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin [KO:K05242]
103170567  interleukin-8-like [KO:K10030]
100077014  AGTR1; type-1 angiotensin II receptor [KO:K04166]
114813183  F2R; proteinase-activated receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03914]
100075372  GRM1; metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04603]
100085098  GRM3; metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04606]
100091057  GRM4; metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 [KO:K04607]
100080549  GRM5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 [KO:K04604]
100092360  GRM6; metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 [KO:K04608]
100086700  GRM7; metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 isoform X1 [KO:K04609]
100077390  GRM8; metabotropic glutamate receptor 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04610]
100091927  AVPR1A; vasopressin V1a receptor [KO:K04226]
100080825  AVPR1B; vasopressin V1b receptor [KO:K04227]
100091389  AVPR2; vasopressin V2 receptor [KO:K04228]
100077696  LPAR1; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04289]
100079033  LPAR3; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04294]
114812808  LPAR4; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 4 [KO:K04275]
114807801  LPAR5; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 5 [KO:K08390]
103170464  LPAR6; lysophosphatidic acid receptor 6 [KO:K04273]
100081185  PTGFR; prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor [KO:K04262]
100091990  C-X-C chemokine receptor type 1-like [KO:K04175]
100083635  C-X-C chemokine receptor type 1-like [KO:K05050]
100078508  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100084272  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100081349  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100086536  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
100082592  GNA12; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-12 [KO:K04346]
100085161  PTK2B; protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta isoform X1 [KO:K05871] [EC:2.7.10.2]
103166871  GNA13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-13 isoform X1 [KO:K04639]
100078046  PIK3CG; phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K21289] [EC:2.7.1.153]
100084050  PIK3R5; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 isoform X1 [KO:K21290]
103169312  PIK3R6; phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 6 [KO:K21290]
100076486  CYTH3; cytohesin-3 isoform X2 [KO:K18441]
100087306  CYTH1; cytohesin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K18441]
100092873  CYTH4; cytohesin-4 isoform X1 [KO:K18441]
100090211  CYTH2; cytohesin-2 [KO:K18441]
100080392  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
103168601  ADCY1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100089708  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100085901  ADCY3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
103168714  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 isoform X1 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
114811232  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100081118  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100076221  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 isoform X1 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100077908  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100080569  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X1 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
100680839  RAPGEF3; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K08014]
100084234  RAPGEF4; rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04351]
100084643  DNM3; dynamin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
100087608  DNM1; dynamin-1 isoform X2 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
100086764  DNM2; dynamin-2 isoform X1 [KO:K23484] [EC:3.6.5.5]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00416  Phosphatidate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00639  Prostaglandin F2alpha
C00681  1-Acyl-sn-glycerol 3-phosphate
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C04637  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C06124  Sphingosine 1-phosphate
Reference
PMID:17245604
  Authors
Oude Weernink PA, Lopez de Jesus M, Schmidt M
  Title
Phospholipase D signaling: orchestration by PIP2 and small GTPases.
  Journal
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 374:399-411 (2007)
DOI:10.1007/s00210-007-0131-4
Reference
PMID:21936578
  Authors
Selvy PE, Lavieri RR, Lindsley CW, Brown HA
  Title
Phospholipase D: enzymology, functionality, and chemical modulation.
  Journal
Chem Rev 111:6064-119 (2011)
DOI:10.1021/cr200296t
Reference
PMID:24995811
  Authors
Brandenburg LO, Pufe T, Koch T
  Title
Role of phospholipase d in g-protein coupled receptor function.
  Journal
Membranes (Basel) 4:302-18 (2014)
DOI:10.3390/membranes4030302
Reference
PMID:17054901
  Authors
Oude Weernink PA, Han L, Jakobs KH, Schmidt M
  Title
Dynamic phospholipid signaling by G protein-coupled receptors.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1768:888-900 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.09.012
Reference
PMID:24990952
  Authors
Foster DA, Salloum D, Menon D, Frias MA
  Title
Phospholipase D and the maintenance of phosphatidic acid levels for regulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).
  Journal
J Biol Chem 289:22583-8 (2014)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.R114.566091
Reference
PMID:16143829
  Authors
Jenkins GM, Frohman MA
  Title
Phospholipase D: a lipid centric review.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 62:2305-16 (2005)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-005-5195-z
Reference
PMID:19815110
  Authors
Metcalfe DD, Peavy RD, Gilfillan AM
  Title
Mechanisms of mast cell signaling in anaphylaxis.
  Journal
J Allergy Clin Immunol 124:639-46; quiz 647-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.08.035
Reference
PMID:18936782
  Authors
Kalesnikoff J, Galli SJ
  Title
New developments in mast cell biology.
  Journal
Nat Immunol 9:1215-23 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/ni.f.216
Reference
PMID:12217395
  Authors
Cockcroft S, Way G, O'Luanaigh N, Pardo R, Sarri E, Fensome A
  Title
Signalling role for ARF and phospholipase D in mast cell exocytosis stimulated by crosslinking of the high affinity FcepsilonR1 receptor.
  Journal
Mol Immunol 38:1277-82 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0161-5890(02)00075-5
Reference
PMID:19410013
  Authors
Lee CS, Kim KL, Jang JH, Choi YS, Suh PG, Ryu SH
  Title
The roles of phospholipase D in EGFR signaling.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1791:862-8 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.04.007
Reference
PMID:16622417
  Authors
Lee CS, Kim IS, Park JB, Lee MN, Lee HY, Suh PG, Ryu SH
  Title
The phox homology domain of phospholipase D activates dynamin GTPase activity and accelerates EGFR endocytosis.
  Journal
Nat Cell Biol 8:477-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1038/ncb1401
Reference
PMID:14769825
  Authors
Kam Y, Exton JH
  Title
Role of phospholipase D1 in the regulation of mTOR activity by lysophosphatidic acid.
  Journal
FASEB J 18:311-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1096/fj.03-0731com
Reference
PMID:9310372
  Authors
Kozawa O, Blume-Jensen P, Heldin CH, Ronnstrand L
  Title
Involvement of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase in stem-cell-factor-induced phospholipase D activation and arachidonic acid release.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 248:149-55 (1997)
DOI:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1997.00149.x
Reference
PMID:11042115
  Authors
Slaaby R, Du G, Altshuller YM, Frohman MA, Seedorf K
  Title
Insulin-induced phospholipase D1 and phospholipase D2 activity in human embryonic kidney-293 cells mediated by the phospholipase C gamma and protein kinase C alpha signalling cascade.
  Journal
Biochem J 351 Pt 3:613-9 (2000)
DOI:10.1042/bj3510613
Reference
PMID:11991733
  Authors
Fahimi-Vahid M, Gosau N, Michalek C, Han L, Jakobs KH, Schmidt M, Roberts N, Avkiran M, Wieland T
  Title
Distinct signaling pathways mediate cardiomyocyte phospholipase D stimulation by endothelin-1 and thrombin.
  Journal
J Mol Cell Cardiol 34:441-53 (2002)
DOI:10.1006/jmcc.2002.1525
Reference
PMID:10666319
  Authors
Freeman EJ
  Title
The Ang II-induced growth of vascular smooth muscle cells involves a phospholipase D-mediated signaling mechanism.
  Journal
Arch Biochem Biophys 374:363-70 (2000)
DOI:10.1006/abbi.1999.1608
Reference
PMID:9119890
  Authors
Naro F, Donchenko V, Minotti S, Zolla L, Molinaro M, Adamo S
  Title
Role of phospholipase C and D signalling pathways in vasopressin-dependent myogenic differentiation.
  Journal
J Cell Physiol 171:34-42 (1997)
DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4652(199704)171:1<34::AID-JCP5>3.0.CO;2-I
Reference
PMID:10807766
  Authors
Murdoch C, Finn A
  Title
Chemokine receptors and their role in inflammation and infectious diseases.
  Journal
Blood 95:3032-43 (2000)
Reference
PMID:8135758
  Authors
Sugiyama T, Sakai T, Nozawa Y, Oka N
  Title
Prostaglandin F2 alpha-stimulated phospholipase D activation in osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells: involvement in sustained 1,2-diacylglycerol production.
  Journal
Biochem J 298 ( Pt 2):479-84 (1994)
DOI:10.1042/bj2980479
Reference
PMID:17210675
  Authors
Foster DA
  Title
Regulation of mTOR by phosphatidic acid?
  Journal
Cancer Res 67:1-4 (2007)
DOI:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3016
Reference
PMID:15310762
  Authors
Delon C, Manifava M, Wood E, Thompson D, Krugmann S, Pyne S, Ktistakis NT
  Title
Sphingosine kinase 1 is an intracellular effector of phosphatidic acid.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:44763-74 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M405771200
Reference
PMID:23076158
  Authors
Park JB, Lee CS, Jang JH, Ghim J, Kim YJ, You S, Hwang D, Suh PG, Ryu SH
  Title
Phospholipase signalling networks in cancer.
  Journal
Nat Rev Cancer 12:782-92 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nrc3379
Reference
PMID:19264150
  Authors
Foster DA
  Title
Phosphatidic acid signaling to mTOR: signals for the survival of human cancer cells.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1791:949-55 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.02.009
Related
pathway
oaa00561  Glycerolipid metabolism
oaa04010  MAPK signaling pathway
oaa04014  Ras signaling pathway
oaa04020  Calcium signaling pathway
oaa04024  cAMP signaling pathway
oaa04071  Sphingolipid signaling pathway
oaa04144  Endocytosis
oaa04150  mTOR signaling pathway
oaa04151  PI3K-Akt signaling pathway
oaa04664  Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04072   
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