KEGG   PATHWAY: palw00260
Entry
palw00260                   Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Pseudooceanicola algae
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
palw00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
palw00260

Module
palw_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:palw00260]
palw_M00033  Ectoine biosynthesis, aspartate => ectoine [PATH:palw00260]
palw_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:palw00260]
palw_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:palw00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Pseudooceanicola algae [GN:palw]
Gene
PSAL_023160  ask; Aspartate kinase Ask_Ect [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
PSAL_001700  lysC; Aspartokinase [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
PSAL_030250  asd2; Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase 2 [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
PSAL_003990  hom; Homoserine dehydrogenase [KO:K00003] [EC:1.1.1.3]
PSAL_001580  thrC; Threonine synthase [KO:K01733] [EC:4.2.3.1]
PSAL_016220  ltaE; Low specificity L-threonine aldolase [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
PSAL_016190  glyA2; Serine hydroxymethyltransferase 2 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
PSAL_002240  sgaA; Serine--glyoxylate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
PSAL_031800  ghrA; Glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate reductase A [KO:K12972] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
PSAL_024710  ttuD; Putative hydroxypyruvate reductase [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
PSAL_037910  gpmA; 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-dependent phosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
PSAL_023400  gpmI; 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K15633] [EC:5.4.2.12]
PSAL_028270  serA; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
PSAL_028260  serC; Phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
PSAL_028230  hypothetical protein [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
PSAL_006280  hemA; 5-aminolevulinate synthase [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
PSAL_015140  Histamine oxidase [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
PSAL_022100  gcvP; Glycine dehydrogenase [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
PSAL_022120  gcvT; Aminomethyltransferase [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
PSAL_019160  lpd3; Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase 3 [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
PSAL_011100  lpd; Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
PSAL_022110  gcvH; Glycine cleavage system H protein [KO:K02437]
PSAL_024750  Creatinase [KO:K08688] [EC:3.5.3.3]
PSAL_001730  betA; Oxygen-dependent choline dehydrogenase [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
PSAL_001740  betB_1; NAD/NADP-dependent betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00130] [EC:1.2.1.8]
PSAL_018780  abo_2; 4-methylaminobutanoate oxidase (formaldehyde-forming) [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
PSAL_009130  abo_1; 4-methylaminobutanoate oxidase (formaldehyde-forming) [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
PSAL_012210  soxA_2; Sarcosine oxidase subunit alpha [KO:K00302] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
PSAL_012250  soxB_2; Sarcosine oxidase subunit beta [KO:K00303] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
PSAL_012200  hypothetical protein [KO:K00305] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
PSAL_012220  soxD_2; Sarcosine oxidase subunit delta [KO:K00304] [EC:1.5.3.24 1.5.3.1]
PSAL_002310  sdaB; L-serine dehydratase 2 [KO:K01752] [EC:4.3.1.17]
PSAL_027100  ilvA; L-threonine dehydratase biosynthetic IlvA [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
PSAL_031410  thadh; L-threo-3-hydroxyaspartate ammonia-lyase [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
PSAL_034610  psdht; Phenylserine dehydratase [KO:K01754] [EC:4.3.1.19]
PSAL_032110  trpA; Tryptophan synthase alpha chain [KO:K01695] [EC:4.2.1.20]
PSAL_032020  trpB; Tryptophan synthase beta chain [KO:K01696] [EC:4.2.1.20]
PSAL_023180  ectB; Diaminobutyrate--2-oxoglutarate transaminase [KO:K00836] [EC:2.6.1.76]
PSAL_023190  ectA; L-2,4-diaminobutyric acid acetyltransferase [KO:K06718] [EC:2.3.1.178]
PSAL_023170  ectC; L-ectoine synthase [KO:K06720] [EC:4.2.1.108]
PSAL_009750  doeA; Ectoine hydrolase [KO:K15783] [EC:3.5.4.44]
PSAL_034650  spuC_3; Putrescine--pyruvate aminotransferase [KO:K15785] [EC:2.6.1.76]
PSAL_034640  gabD; Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [NADP(+)] GabD [KO:K15786] [EC:1.2.1.-]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
palw00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
palw00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
palw00230  Purine metabolism
palw00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
palw00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
palw00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
palw00300  Lysine biosynthesis
palw00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
palw00460  Cyanoamino acid metabolism
palw00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
palw00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
palw00620  Pyruvate metabolism
palw00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
palw00640  Propanoate metabolism
palw00680  Methane metabolism
palw00860  Porphyrin metabolism
palw00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
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