KEGG   PATHWAY: ajm04974
Entry
ajm04974                    Pathway                                
Name
Protein digestion and absorption - Artibeus jamaicensis (Jamaican fruit-eating bat)
Description
Protein is a dietary component essential for nutritional homeostasis in humans. Normally, ingested protein undergoes a complex series of degradative processes following the action of gastric, pancreatic and small intestinal enzymes. The result of this proteolytic activity is a mixture of amino acids and small peptides. Amino acids (AAs) are transported into the enterocyte (intestinal epithelial cell) by a variety of AA transporters that are specific for cationic (basic) AA, neutral AA, and anionic (acidic) AA. Small peptides are absorbed into enterocytes by the PEPT1 transporter. Inside enterocytes peptides are hydrolyzed, and the resulting amino acids are released together with those absorbed by AA transporters into blood via multiple, basolateral, AA transporters. Hydrolysis-resistant peptides, however, are transported out of the cells by a basolateral peptide transporter that has not been identified molecularly.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
ajm04974  Protein digestion and absorption
ajm04974

Other DBs
GO: 0044256 0050892
Organism
Artibeus jamaicensis (Jamaican fruit-eating bat) [GN:ajm]
Gene
119043698  pepsin A-like [KO:K06002] [EC:3.4.23.1]
119043726  pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-like [KO:K06002] [EC:3.4.23.1]
119044340  trypsin-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
119052944  anionic trypsin [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
119048943  chymotrypsinogen 2-like [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
119048944  chymotrypsinogen B [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
119061849  CTRL; chymotrypsin-like protease CTRL-1 [KO:K09632] [EC:3.4.21.-]
119049965  chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2A [KO:K01346] [EC:3.4.21.71]
119042242  chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 3B [KO:K01345] [EC:3.4.21.70]
119064268  CPA1; carboxypeptidase A1 [KO:K08779] [EC:3.4.17.1]
119064274  CPA2; carboxypeptidase A2 [KO:K01298] [EC:3.4.17.15]
119055979  CPA3; mast cell carboxypeptidase A [KO:K08780] [EC:3.4.17.1]
119055977  CPB1; carboxypeptidase B [KO:K01291] [EC:3.4.17.2]
119037366  CPB2; carboxypeptidase B2 [KO:K01300] [EC:3.4.17.20]
119043388  SLC9A3; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12040]
119053901  SLC15A1; solute carrier family 15 member 1 [KO:K14206]
119041702  ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
119060145  ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
119048466  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
119048473  ATP1A4; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
119044844  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
119053535  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
119054253  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
119065453  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
119054439  KCNN4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 [KO:K04945]
119050044  KCNK5; potassium channel subfamily K member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04916]
119051738  KCNE3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 3 [KO:K04897]
119057526  KCNQ1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 [KO:K04926]
119048391  KCNJ13; inward rectifier potassium channel 13 [KO:K05006]
119049877  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 [KO:K14207]
119041213  MME; neprilysin [KO:K01389] [EC:3.4.24.11]
119047220  MEP1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: meprin A subunit alpha [KO:K01395] [EC:3.4.24.18]
119055550  MEP1B; meprin A subunit beta [KO:K08606] [EC:3.4.24.63]
119058376  ACE2; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [KO:K09708] [EC:3.4.17.23]
119063956  lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase isoform X1 [KO:K01285] [EC:3.4.16.2]
119045643  DPP4; dipeptidyl peptidase 4 [KO:K01278] [EC:3.4.14.5]
119050666  XPNPEP2; xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2 [KO:K14208] [EC:3.4.11.9]
119046173  SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
119056631  SLC1A5; neutral amino acid transporter B(0) [KO:K05616]
119035799  SLC8A3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
119061536  SLC8A1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
119056645  SLC8A2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
119043405  SLC6A19; sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 [KO:K05334]
119045479  4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain-like [KO:K06519]
119045511  4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain-like [KO:K06519]
119037216  SLC7A8; large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K13781]
119058936  SLC36A4; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 4 isoform X1 [KO:K14209]
119057954  SLC36A1; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14209]
119057960  SLC36A2; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 2 [KO:K14209]
119057974  SLC36A3; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K14209]
119059410  SLC16A10; monocarboxylate transporter 10 isoform X1 [KO:K08187]
119060879  SLC3A1; neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT [KO:K14210]
119044664  b(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K13868]
119037224  SLC7A7; Y+L amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K13867]
119056361  ELN; elastin [KO:K14211]
119052647  COL1A1; collagen alpha-1(I) chain [KO:K06236]
119047354  COL1A2; collagen alpha-2(I) chain [KO:K06236]
119042061  COL2A1; collagen alpha-1(II) chain [KO:K19719]
119062110  COL3A1; collagen alpha-1(III) chain [KO:K19720]
119044741  COL4A4; collagen alpha-4(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
119044742  COL4A3; collagen alpha-3(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
119034569  COL4A2; collagen alpha-2(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
119034570  COL4A1; collagen alpha-1(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
119065191  collagen alpha-5(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
119035835  COL5A3; collagen alpha-3(V) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
119036041  COL5A1; collagen alpha-1(V) chain [KO:K19721]
119044911  COL27A1; collagen alpha-1(XXVII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
119041243  COL11A2; collagen alpha-2(XI) chain [KO:K19721]
119042745  COL24A1; collagen alpha-1(XXIV) chain [KO:K19721]
119062117  COL5A2; collagen alpha-2(V) chain [KO:K19721]
119054973  COL11A1; collagen alpha-1(XI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
119058770  COL6A1; collagen alpha-1(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
119061014  COL6A3; collagen alpha-3(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
119048300  COL6A5; collagen alpha-5(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
119048301  collagen alpha-4(VI) chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06238]
119048382  collagen alpha-6(VI) chain-like [KO:K06238]
119058739  COL6A2; collagen alpha-2(VI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06238]
119036685  COL7A1; collagen alpha-1(VII) chain [KO:K16628]
119052431  COL8A2; collagen alpha-2(VIII) chain [KO:K23455]
119060655  COL8A1; collagen alpha-1(VIII) chain [KO:K23455]
119059066  COL9A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(IX) chain [KO:K08131]
119052319  COL9A2; collagen alpha-2(IX) chain [KO:K08131]
119055362  COL9A3; collagen alpha-3(IX) chain [KO:K08131]
119058697  COL10A1; collagen alpha-1(X) chain [KO:K19479]
119050874  COL12A1; collagen alpha-1(XII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08132]
119038155  COL13A1; collagen alpha-1(XIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K16617]
119064818  COL14A1; collagen alpha-1(XIV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08133]
119045934  COL15A1; collagen alpha-1(XV) chain [KO:K08135]
119052370  COL16A1; collagen alpha-1(XVI) chain [KO:K24339]
119059705  COL17A1; collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain [KO:K07603]
119058744  COL18A1; collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain [KO:K06823]
119059086  COL19A1; collagen alpha-1(XIX) chain [KO:K24340]
119055322  COL20A1; collagen alpha-1(XX) chain [KO:K24357]
119055200  COL21A1; collagen alpha-1(XXI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K16629]
119064845  COL22A1; collagen alpha-1(XXII) chain [KO:K16630]
119062956  COL23A1; collagen alpha-1(XXIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K24355]
119061440  COL25A1; collagen alpha-1(XXV) chain [KO:K24356]
119044656  COL26A1; collagen alpha-1(XXVI) chain [KO:K24358]
119042881  COL28A1; collagen alpha-1(XXVIII) chain [KO:K23619]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00033  Acetate
C00037  Glycine
C00041  L-Alanine
C00047  L-Lysine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00062  L-Arginine
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00079  L-Phenylalanine
C00080  H+
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00099  beta-Alanine
C00123  L-Leucine
C00134  Putrescine
C00135  L-Histidine
C00146  Phenol
C00148  L-Proline
C00152  L-Asparagine
C00163  Propanoate
C00183  L-Valine
C00188  L-Threonine
C00238  Potassium cation
C00246  Butanoic acid
C00282  Hydrogen
C00388  Histamine
C00407  L-Isoleucine
C00463  Indole
C00483  Tyramine
C00491  L-Cystine
C01327  Hydrochloric acid
C01330  Sodium cation
C01438  Methane
C01468  4-Cresol
C01672  Cadaverine
C01746  Piperidine
C02632  2-Methylpropanoate
C05996  Branched chain fatty acid
C08262  3-Methylbutanoic acid
C16138  L-Pyrrolysine
C18319  2-Methylbutyrate
Reference
PMID:18195088
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Amino acid transport across mammalian intestinal and renal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:249-86 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00018.2006
Reference
PMID:15772300
  Authors
Palacin M, Nunes V, Font-Llitjos M, Jimenez-Vidal M, Fort J, Gasol E, Pineda M, Feliubadalo L, Chillaron J, Zorzano A
  Title
The genetics of heteromeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 20:112-24 (2005)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00051.2004
Reference
PMID:20522896
  Authors
Goodman BE
  Title
Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans.
  Journal
Adv Physiol Educ 34:44-53 (2010)
DOI:10.1152/advan.00094.2009
Reference
PMID:11546643
  Authors
Wagner CA, Lang F, Broer S
  Title
Function and structure of heterodimeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 281:C1077-93 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.4.C1077
Reference
PMID:18400692
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Apical transporters for neutral amino acids: physiology and pathophysiology.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 23:95-103 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00045.2007
Reference
PMID:9687539
  Authors
Wu G
  Title
Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism.
  Journal
J Nutr 128:1249-52 (1998)
DOI:10.1093/jn/128.8.1249
Reference
PMID:14977407
  Authors
Daniel H
  Title
Molecular and integrative physiology of intestinal peptide transport.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 66:361-84 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.144149
Reference
PMID:12237156
  Authors
Rubio-Aliaga I, Daniel H
  Title
Mammalian peptide transporters as targets for drug delivery.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 23:434-40 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-6147(02)02072-2
Reference
PMID:7937532
  Authors
Bai JP
  Title
Distribution of brush-border membrane peptidases along the rat intestine.
  Journal
Pharm Res 11:897-900 (1994)
DOI:10.1023/a:1018946228432
Reference
PMID:12583961
  Authors
Guarner F, Malagelada JR
  Title
Gut flora in health and disease.
  Journal
Lancet 361:512-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12489-0
Reference
PMID:16887608
  Authors
Smith EA, Macfarlane GT
  Title
Dissimilatory amino Acid metabolism in human colonic bacteria.
  Journal
Anaerobe 3:327-37 (1997)
DOI:10.1006/anae.1997.0121
Reference
PMID:20093818
  Authors
Schepers E, Glorieux G, Vanholder R
  Title
The gut: the forgotten organ in uremia?
  Journal
Blood Purif 29:130-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1159/000245639
Reference
  Authors
John H.Cummings
  Title
The large intestine in nutrition and disease
  Journal
Institut Danone
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Related
pathway
ajm00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
ajm04530  Tight junction
ajm04971  Gastric acid secretion
ajm04972  Pancreatic secretion
KO pathway
ko04974   
LinkDB

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