KEGG   PATHWAY: mmer00480
Entry
mmer00480                   Pathway                                
Name
Glutathione metabolism - Mercenaria mercenaria (northern quahog)
Class
Metabolism; Metabolism of other amino acids
Pathway map
mmer00480  Glutathione metabolism
mmer00480

Module
mmer_M00118  Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:mmer00480]
Other DBs
GO: 0006749
Organism
Mercenaria mercenaria (northern quahog) [GN:mmer]
Gene
123563748  glutathione hydrolase-like YwrD proenzyme [KO:K00681] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13]
123533408  glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme-like [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
123533409  glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme-like [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
123534172  glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme-like [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
123534212  glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme-like isoform X1 [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
123535261  glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme-like isoform X1 [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
123536023  glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme-like isoform X1 [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
123559560  glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme-like [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
123544128  glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme-like [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
123550318  gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase-like [KO:K00682] [EC:4.3.2.9]
123550319  gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase-like [KO:K00682] [EC:4.3.2.9]
123536089  putative glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 [KO:K07232] [EC:4.3.2.7]
123536494  putative glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 [KO:K07232] [EC:4.3.2.7]
123549890  5-oxoprolinase-like [KO:K01469] [EC:3.5.2.9]
123540206  glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit-like [KO:K11204] [EC:6.3.2.2]
123529494  glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit-like isoform X1 [KO:K11204] [EC:6.3.2.2]
123558784  glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit-like [KO:K11205]
123549423  glutathione synthetase-like [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
123554980  glutathione synthetase-like isoform X1 [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
123554981  glutathione synthetase-like isoform X3 [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
123554983  glutathione synthetase-like isoform X5 [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
123554987  glutathione synthetase-like isoform X1 [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
123546146  cytosol aminopeptidase-like [KO:K11142] [EC:3.4.11.1 3.4.11.5]
123546806  putative aminopeptidase W07G4.4 isoform X1 [KO:K01255] [EC:3.4.11.1]
123559898  aminopeptidase Ey-like isoform X1 [KO:K11140] [EC:3.4.11.2]
123563927  aminopeptidase N-like isoform X1 [KO:K11140] [EC:3.4.11.2]
123530511  aminopeptidase N-like isoform X1 [KO:K11140] [EC:3.4.11.2]
123541791  aminopeptidase N-like isoform X1 [KO:K11140] [EC:3.4.11.2]
123533687  microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123533773  microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123534191  glutathione S-transferase theta-1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123534451  glutathione S-transferase theta-1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123534469  glutathione S-transferase theta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123534703  glutathione S-transferase theta-1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123556705  microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123534896  glutathione S-transferase theta-1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123535246  glutathione S-transferase theta-1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123535469  glutathione S-transferase theta-1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123548297  pyrimidodiazepine synthase-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123548298  pyrimidodiazepine synthase-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123558839  microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123537178  glutathione S-transferase class-mu 28 kDa isozyme-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123548652  glutathione S-transferase theta-3-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123559587  microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123549215  uncharacterized protein LOC123549215 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123527591  glutathione S-transferase 1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123549780  glutathione S-transferase omega-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123549781  glutathione S-transferase omega-1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123550000  uncharacterized protein LOC123550000 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123528494  S-crystallin SL11-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123528786  probable glutathione S-transferase 8 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123528787  glutathione S-transferase 1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123528901  glutathione S-transferase A-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123529003  S-crystallin SL11-like isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123529042  glutathione S-transferase Mu 3-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123529089  glutathione S-transferase 1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123529302  glutathione S-transferase A-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123551380  microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123529399  glutathione S-transferase-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123529566  glutathione S-transferase A-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123529904  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123530109  probable glutathione S-transferase 7 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123542572  microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123564812  glutathione S-transferase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123543394  microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123532605  glutathione S-transferase-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123556194  glutathione S-transferase P 1 [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123526324  glutathione S-transferase kappa 1-like [KO:K13299] [EC:2.5.1.18]
128548357  glutathione S-transferase kappa 1-like [KO:K13299] [EC:2.5.1.18]
123528493  S-crystallin SL11-like [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
123529620  glutathione S-transferase 3-like isoform X1 [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
123529881  S-crystallin SL11-like [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
123530108  probable glutathione S-transferase 7 [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
123530169  glutathione S-transferase-like [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
123525413  uncharacterized protein LOC123525413 isoform X1 [KO:K21888] [EC:1.8.5.1 2.5.1.18]
123555034  glutathione reductase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00383] [EC:1.8.1.7]
123535899  isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic-like [KO:K00031] [EC:1.1.1.42]
123540309  isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrial-like [KO:K00031] [EC:1.1.1.42]
123527355  6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating-like [KO:K00033] [EC:1.1.1.44 1.1.1.343]
123529880  glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase X-like isoform X1 [KO:K00036] [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363]
123524341  glutathione peroxidase-like isoform X1 [KO:K05361] [EC:1.11.1.12]
123525929  glutathione peroxidase 7-like [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
123563757  glutathione peroxidase-like isoform X1 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
123543328  glutathione peroxidase 2-like [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
123548299  pyrimidodiazepine synthase-like [KO:K00310] [EC:1.5.4.1]
123523817  ornithine decarboxylase 1-like [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
123546532  ornithine decarboxylase 1-like [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
123524719  ornithine decarboxylase 1-like [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
123524721  ornithine decarboxylase-like isoform X2 [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
123526648  ornithine decarboxylase-like [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
123564305  antizyme inhibitor 2-like [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
123542516  ornithine decarboxylase-like isoform X1 [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
123533914  spermidine synthase-like [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
123527375  spermidine synthase-like isoform X1 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
123557554  ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit-like [KO:K10807] [EC:1.17.4.1]
123525277  ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase small chain [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
Compound
C00005  NADPH
C00006  NADP+
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00037  Glycine
C00051  Glutathione
C00072  Ascorbate
C00077  L-Ornithine
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00127  Glutathione disulfide
C00134  Putrescine
C00151  L-Amino acid
C00315  Spermidine
C00669  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
C00750  Spermine
C01322  RX
C01419  Cys-Gly
C01672  Cadaverine
C01879  5-Oxoproline
C02090  Trypanothione
C02320  R-S-Glutathione
C03170  Trypanothione disulfide
C03646  Bis-gamma-glutamylcystine
C03740  (5-L-Glutamyl)-L-amino acid
C05422  Dehydroascorbate
C05726  S-Substituted L-cysteine
C05727  S-Substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine
C05729  R-S-Cysteinylglycine
C05730  Glutathionylspermidine
C16562  Glutathionylspermine
C16563  Bis(glutathionyl)spermine
C16564  Bis(glutathionyl)spermine disulfide
C16565  Aminopropylcadaverine
C16566  Glutathionylaminopropylcadaverine
C16567  Homotrypanothione
C16568  Homotrypanothione disulfide
C16663  Tryparedoxin
C16664  Tryparedoxin disulfide
Reference
  Authors
Josch C, Klotz LO, Sies H.
  Title
Identification of cytosolic leucyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1) as the major cysteinylglycine-hydrolysing activity in rat liver.
  Journal
Biol Chem 384:213-8 (2003)
DOI:10.1515/BC.2003.023
Reference
  Authors
Chu L, Lai Y, Xu X, Eddy S, Yang S, Song L, Kolodrubetz D.
  Title
A 52-kDa leucyl aminopeptidase from treponema denticola is a cysteinylglycinase that mediates the second step of glutathione metabolism.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 283:19351-8 (2008)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M801034200
Reference
  Authors
Cappiello M, Lazzarotti A, Buono F, Scaloni A, D'Ambrosio C, Amodeo P, Mendez BL, Pelosi P, Del Corso A, Mura U.
  Title
New role for leucyl aminopeptidase in glutathione turnover.
  Journal
Biochem J 378:35-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1042/BJ20031336
Reference
  Authors
Suzuki H, Kamatani S, Kim ES, Kumagai H.
  Title
Aminopeptidases A, B, and N and dipeptidase D are the four cysteinylglycinases of Escherichia coli K-12.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 183:1489-90 (2001)
DOI:10.1128/JB.183.4.1489-1490.2001
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Shaw MP, Wyllie S, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Trypanothione biosynthesis in Leishmania major.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 139:107-16 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.10.004
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Characterization of recombinant glutathionylspermidine synthetase/amidase from Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
Biochem J 364:679-86 (2002)
DOI:10.1042/BJ20011370
Reference
PMID:9677355
  Authors
Tetaud E, Manai F, Barrett MP, Nadeau K, Walsh CT, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Cloning and characterization of the two enzymes responsible for trypanothione biosynthesis in Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 273:19383-90 (1998)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.31.19383
Reference
  Authors
Ariyanayagam MR, Oza SL, Mehlert A, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Bis(glutathionyl)spermine and other novel trypanothione analogues in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:27612-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M302750200
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Aitcheson N, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Properties of trypanothione synthetase from Trypanosoma brucei.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 131:25-33 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(03)00176-2
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Tetaud E, Ariyanayagam MR, Warnon SS, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
A single enzyme catalyses formation of Trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 277:35853-61 (2002)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M204403200
Reference
  Authors
Comini M, Menge U, Wissing J, Flohe L.
  Title
Trypanothione synthesis in crithidia revisited.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 280:6850-60 (2005)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M404486200
Reference
PMID:7813456
  Authors
Hunter KJ, Le Quesne SA, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Identification and biosynthesis of N1,N9-bis(glutathionyl)aminopropylcadaverine (homotrypanothione) in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 226:1019-27 (1994)
DOI:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.t01-1-01019.x
Reference
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Meiering SK, Schmidt H.
  Title
The parasite-specific trypanothione metabolism of trypanosoma and leishmania.
  Journal
Biol Chem 384:539-49 (2003)
DOI:10.1515/BC.2003.062
Reference
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Comini MA.
  Title
Redox control in trypanosomatids, parasitic protozoa with trypanothione-based thiol metabolism.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1780:1236-48 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.03.006
Reference
PMID:8892297
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Ludemann H.
  Title
Reduction of dehydroascorbate by trypanothione.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 80:203-8 (1996)
DOI:10.1016/0166-6851(96)02689-8
Reference
  Authors
Dormeyer M, Reckenfelderbaumer N, Ludemann H, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
Trypanothione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by Trypanosoma brucei ribonucleotide reductase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 276:10602-6 (2001)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M010352200
Reference
  Authors
Schmidt H, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
Functional and physicochemical characterization of the thioredoxin system in Trypanosoma brucei.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:46329-36 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M305338200
Reference
PMID:9851611
  Authors
Tetaud E, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Cloning, expression and reconstitution of the trypanothione-dependent peroxidase system of Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 96:111-23 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(98)00120-0
Reference
  Authors
Castro H, Sousa C, Santos M, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Flohe L, Tomas AM.
  Title
Complementary antioxidant defense by cytoplasmic and mitochondrial peroxiredoxins in Leishmania infantum.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 33:1552-62 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0891-5849(02)01089-4
Reference
  Authors
Wilkinson SR, Temperton NJ, Mondragon A, Kelly JM.
  Title
Distinct mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes mediate trypanothione-dependent peroxide metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 275:8220-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.275.11.8220
Reference
  Authors
Konig J, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
A comparative study of type I and type II tryparedoxin peroxidases in Leishmania major.
  Journal
FEBS J 274:5643-58 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06087.x
Reference
  Authors
Hillebrand H, Schmidt A, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
A second class of peroxidases linked to the trypanothione metabolism.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:6809-15 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M210392200
Reference
  Authors
Soksawatmaekhin W, Kuraishi A, Sakata K, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K.
  Title
Excretion and uptake of cadaverine by CadB and its physiological functions in Escherichia coli.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 51:1401-12 (2004)
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03913.x
Reference
PMID:6798961
  Authors
Pegg AE, Shuttleworth K, Hibasami H.
  Title
Specificity of mammalian spermidine synthase and spermine synthase.
  Journal
Biochem J 197:315-20 (1981)
DOI:10.1042/bj1970315
Related
pathway
mmer00220  Arginine biosynthesis
mmer00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
mmer00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
mmer00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
KO pathway
ko00480   
LinkDB

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