Entry Name Melanogenesis - Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia)
Description Cutaneous melanin pigment plays a critical role in camouflage, mimicry, social communication, and protection against harmful effects of solar radiation. Melanogenesis is under complex regulatory control by multiple agents. The most important positive regulator of melanogenesis is the MC1 receptor with its ligands melanocortic peptides. MC1R activates the cyclic AMP (cAMP) response-element binding protein (CREB). Increased expression of MITF and its activation by phosphorylation (P) stimulate the transcription of tyrosinase (TYR), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), and dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), which produce melanin. Melanin synthesis takes place within specialized intracellular organelles named melanosomes. Melanin-containing melanosomes then move from the perinuclear region to the dendrite tips and are transferred to keratinocytes by a still not well-characterized mechanism.
Class Organismal Systems; Endocrine systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Organism Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) [GN:
onl ]
Gene 100710082 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X5 [KO:K04632 ]
100712365 gnas; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632 ]
100701405 creb1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 [KO:K05870 ]
100702359 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048 ]
100710280 creb3l4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 [KO:K09048 ]
100709801 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3-B isoform X2 [KO:K09048 ]
100705423 creb3l2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
100708760 cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3-B isoform X1 [KO:K09048 ]
100703380 creb3l1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048 ]
100699256 microphthalmia-associated transcription factor isoform X1 [KO:K09455 ]
100534525 microphthalmia-associated transcription factor isoform X5 [KO:K09455 ]
100693875 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha isoform X2 [KO:K04534 ]
100707702 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha [KO:K04534 ]
100706405 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
100697949 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634 ]
100695702 segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-3 isoform X1 [KO:K02353 ]
100700695 dvl2; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-2 [KO:K02353 ]
100695981 dvl1; segment polarity protein dishevelled homolog DVL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K02353 ]
100711224 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase [KO:K00506 ] [EC:1.14.18.-]
100711312 tyrp1; 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase [KO:K00506 ] [EC:1.14.18.-]
100707363 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
100706147 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04630 ]
100703527 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(k) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04630 ]
100696596 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04630 ]
100695013 guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(i) subunit alpha-2 [KO:K04630 ]
100706628 plcb4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100706492 plcb3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X4 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100706825 plcb2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858 ] [EC:3.1.4.11 ]
100701434 camk2b; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X5 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
Compound C01245 D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference Authors Slominski A, Tobin DJ, Shibahara S, Wortsman J.
Title Melanin pigmentation in mammalian skin and its hormonal regulation.
Journal Reference Authors Busca R, Ballotti R.
Title Cyclic AMP a key messenger in the regulation of skin pigmentation.
Journal Reference Authors Imokawa G.
Title Autocrine and paracrine regulation of melanocytes in human skin and in pigmentary disorders.
Journal Reference Authors Wikberg JE, Muceniece R, Mandrika I, Prusis P, Lindblom J, Post C, Skottner A.
Title New aspects on the melanocortins and their receptors.
Journal Reference Authors Chin L.
Title The genetics of malignant melanoma: lessons from mouse and man.
Journal Reference Authors Miller AJ, Mihm MC Jr.
Title Melanoma.
Journal Reference Authors Saito H, Yasumoto K, Takeda K, Takahashi K, Yamamoto H, Shibahara S.
Title Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor in the Wnt signaling pathway.
Journal Reference Authors Imokawa G, Kobayashi T, Miyagishi M, Higashi K, Yada Y.
Title The role of endothelin-1 in epidermal hyperpigmentation and signaling mechanisms of mitogenesis and melanogenesis.
Journal Reference Authors Park HY, Gilchrest BA.
Title Signaling pathways mediating melanogenesis.
Journal Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 45:919-30 (1999)
Reference Authors Park HY, Perez JM, Laursen R, Hara M, Gilchrest BA.
Title Protein kinase C-beta activates tyrosinase by phosphorylating serine residues in its cytoplasmic domain.
Journal Reference Authors Sturm RA, Teasdale RD, Box NF.
Title Human pigmentation genes: identification, structure and consequences of polymorphic variation.
Journal Reference Authors Hearing VJ.
Title The melanosome: the perfect model for cellular responses to the environment.
Journal Reference Authors Molina DM, Grewal S, Bardwell L.
Title Characterization of an ERK-binding domain in microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and differential inhibition of ERK2-mediated substrate phosphorylation.
Journal Related KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
