KEGG   PATHWAY: pcad04721
Entry
pcad04721                   Pathway                                
Name
Synaptic vesicle cycle - Physeter catodon (sperm whale)
Description
Communication between neurons is mediated by the release of neurotransmitter from synaptic vesicles (SVs). At the nerve terminal, SVs cycle through repetitive episodes of exocytosis and endocytosis. SVs are filled with neurotransmitters by active transport. The loaded SVs are then docked at a specialized region of the presynaptic plasma membrane known as the active zone, where they undergo a priming reaction. Upon arrival of an action potential, Ca2+ enters through voltage-gated channels and neurotransmitter is released by exocytosis, usually in less than a millisecond. After fusion, the vesicle is retrieved by endocytosis and reloaded for another round of exocytosis.
Class
Organismal Systems; Nervous system
Pathway map
pcad04721  Synaptic vesicle cycle
pcad04721

Other DBs
GO: 0016079 0048488
Organism
Physeter catodon (sperm whale) [GN:pcad]
Gene
102995853  SLC32A1; vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter [KO:K15015]
102978728  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter [KO:K08155]
102994134  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter [KO:K08155]
102997035  SLC18A3; vesicular acetylcholine transporter [KO:K14636]
102996059  SLC17A8; vesicular glutamate transporter 3 [KO:K12302]
102981216  SLC17A7; vesicular glutamate transporter 1 [KO:K12302]
102990352  SLC17A6; vesicular glutamate transporter 2 [KO:K12302]
102991525  SYT1; synaptotagmin-1 isoform X2 [KO:K15290]
102977242  VAMP2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K13504]
102991871  RAB3A; ras-related protein Rab-3A [KO:K07882]
102993637  RIMS1; regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15291]
102978415  STX1A; syntaxin-1A isoform X1 [KO:K04560]
102981292  STX1B; syntaxin-1B [KO:K08486]
102973142  STX3; syntaxin-3 isoform X1 [KO:K08486]
102989783  STX2; syntaxin-2 isoform X3 [KO:K08486]
102987171  STXBP1; syntaxin-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K15292]
102988188  UNC13A; protein unc-13 homolog A isoform X3 [KO:K15293]
102986290  UNC13C; protein unc-13 homolog C isoform X2 [KO:K15293]
102980081  UNC13B; protein unc-13 homolog B isoform X3 [KO:K15293]
102975015  SNAP25; synaptosomal-associated protein 25 isoform X2 [KO:K18211]
102984783  CPLX1; complexin-1 [KO:K15294]
102979325  CPLX2; complexin-2 [KO:K15294]
102977347  CPLX4; complexin-4 [KO:K15295]
102985366  CPLX3; complexin-3 [KO:K15295]
102977865  CACNA1A; voltage-dependent P/Q-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1A [KO:K04344]
102983972  CACNA1B; voltage-dependent N-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1B [KO:K04849]
102993946  NSF; vesicle-fusing ATPase isoform X1 [KO:K06027] [EC:3.6.4.6]
102993554  NAPA; alpha-soluble NSF attachment protein isoform X2 [KO:K15296]
102977482  dynamin-3 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
114483869  dynamin-1-like [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
102989343  DNM1; dynamin-1 [KO:K01528] [EC:3.6.5.5]
102991476  DNM2; dynamin-2 [KO:K23484] [EC:3.6.5.5]
114484958  dynamin-2-like [KO:K23484] [EC:3.6.5.5]
102988893  CLTA; clathrin light chain A isoform X8 [KO:K04644]
102985112  CLTB; clathrin light chain B isoform X1 [KO:K04645]
102987265  CLTC; clathrin heavy chain 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04646]
114483887  AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1 [KO:K11824]
102980743  AP2A2; AP-2 complex subunit alpha-2 [KO:K11824]
102976240  AP2A1; AP-2 complex subunit alpha-1 [KO:K11824]
102978548  AP2B1; AP-2 complex subunit beta [KO:K11825]
102973393  AP2M1; AP-2 complex subunit mu [KO:K11826]
102990597  AP2S1; AP-2 complex subunit sigma [KO:K11827]
102984579  AP-2 complex subunit sigma-like [KO:K11827]
102996583  ATP6V1A; V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A [KO:K02145] [EC:7.1.2.2]
102977860  ATP6V1B2; V-type proton ATPase subunit B, brain isoform [KO:K02147]
102995815  ATP6V1B1; V-type proton ATPase subunit B, kidney isoform [KO:K02147]
102992584  ATP6V1C1; V-type proton ATPase subunit C 1 [KO:K02148]
102973627  ATP6V1C2; V-type proton ATPase subunit C 2 isoform X2 [KO:K02148]
102976248  ATP6V1D; V-type proton ATPase subunit D [KO:K02149]
102987448  ATP6V1E1; V-type proton ATPase subunit E 1 [KO:K02150]
102989820  ATP6V1E2; V-type proton ATPase subunit E 2 [KO:K02150]
102994748  ATP6V1F; V-type proton ATPase subunit F [KO:K02151]
102988333  ATP6V1G3; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 3 [KO:K02152]
102997022  V-type proton ATPase subunit G 1 [KO:K02152]
102984396  ATP6V1G2; V-type proton ATPase subunit G 2 isoform X1 [KO:K02152]
102973745  V-type proton ATPase subunit G 1-like [KO:K02152]
102995698  ATP6V0E2; V-type proton ATPase subunit e 2 [KO:K02153]
102995354  ATP6V0E1; V-type proton ATPase subunit e 1 [KO:K02153]
102996599  V-type proton ATPase subunit e 1-like [KO:K02153]
112062206  V-type proton ATPase subunit e 1-like [KO:K02153]
112062393  V-type proton ATPase subunit e 1-like [KO:K02153]
102976000  ATP6V0A1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02154]
102975289  ATP6V0A4; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 4 [KO:K02154]
102979493  TCIRG1; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 3 [KO:K02154]
102986918  ATP6V0A2; V-type proton ATPase 116 kDa subunit a 2 isoform X3 [KO:K02154]
102991473  ATP6V0D1; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 1 isoform X1 [KO:K02146]
102980876  ATP6V0D2; V-type proton ATPase subunit d 2 [KO:K02146]
102981449  ATP6V1H; V-type proton ATPase subunit H isoform X1 [KO:K02144]
102978613  ATP6V0C; V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit c [KO:K02155]
102991400  ATP6V0B; V-type proton ATPase 21 kDa proteolipid subunit c'' isoform X1 [KO:K03661]
102985837  V-type proton ATPase 21 kDa proteolipid subunit c''-like [KO:K03661]
102985268  SLC6A1; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 1 [KO:K05034]
102996749  SLC6A2; sodium-dependent noradrenaline transporter isoform X2 [KO:K05035]
102981726  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
102988038  SLC6A4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium-dependent serotonin transporter [KO:K05037]
102977590  SLC6A5; sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 [KO:K05038]
102991856  SLC6A9; sodium- and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05038]
102995640  SLC6A7; sodium-dependent proline transporter [KO:K05040]
102985838  SLC6A11; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 3 [KO:K05044]
102988646  SLC6A12; sodium- and chloride-dependent betaine transporter [KO:K05045]
102993609  SLC6A13; sodium- and chloride-dependent GABA transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05046]
102996882  SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
102981948  SLC1A2; excitatory amino acid transporter 2 [KO:K05613]
102975511  SLC1A3; excitatory amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05614]
102973320  SLC1A6; excitatory amino acid transporter 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05617]
102989174  excitatory amino acid transporter 5 [KO:K05618]
Compound
C00002  ATP
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00037  Glycine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00334  4-Aminobutanoate
C00388  Histamine
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00780  Serotonin
C01996  Acetylcholine
C03758  Dopamine
C16041  Leu-enkephalin
Reference
PMID:12827282
  Authors
Li L, Chin LS
  Title
The molecular machinery of synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 60:942-60 (2003)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-003-2240-7
Reference
  Authors
Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Malenka RC.
  Title
Molecular neuropharmacology: A foundation for clinical neuroscience
  Journal
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (2001)
Reference
PMID:18275379
  Authors
Chapman ER
  Title
How does synaptotagmin trigger neurotransmitter release?
  Journal
Annu Rev Biochem 77:615-41 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.biochem.77.062005.101135
Reference
PMID:10212473
  Authors
Benfenati F, Onofri F, Giovedi S
  Title
Protein-protein interactions and protein modules in the control of neurotransmitter release.
  Journal
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 354:243-57 (1999)
DOI:10.1098/rstb.1999.0376
Reference
PMID:20634814
  Authors
de Saint Basile G, Menasche G, Fischer A
  Title
Molecular mechanisms of biogenesis and exocytosis of cytotoxic granules.
  Journal
Nat Rev Immunol 10:568-79 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/nri2803
Reference
PMID:17767192
  Authors
Carr CM, Munson M
  Title
Tag team action at the synapse.
  Journal
EMBO Rep 8:834-8 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/sj.embor.7401051
Reference
PMID:15217342
  Authors
Sudhof TC
  Title
The synaptic vesicle cycle.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 27:509-47 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131412
Reference
PMID:12563290
  Authors
Gundelfinger ED, Kessels MM, Qualmann B
  Title
Temporal and spatial coordination of exocytosis and endocytosis.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 4:127-39 (2003)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1016
Reference
PMID:16990140
  Authors
Tang J, Maximov A, Shin OH, Dai H, Rizo J, Sudhof TC
  Title
A complexin/synaptotagmin 1 switch controls fast synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
  Journal
Cell 126:1175-87 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.030
Reference
PMID:12094216
  Authors
Chapman ER
  Title
Synaptotagmin: a Ca(2+) sensor that triggers exocytosis?
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 3:498-508 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrm855
Reference
PMID:7791897
  Authors
Sudhof TC
  Title
The synaptic vesicle cycle: a cascade of protein-protein interactions.
  Journal
Nature 375:645-53 (1995)
DOI:10.1038/375645a0
Reference
PMID:12154365
  Authors
Rizo J, Sudhof TC
  Title
Snares and Munc18 in synaptic vesicle fusion.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 3:641-53 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/nrn898
Reference
PMID:18726177
  Authors
Malsam J, Kreye S, Sollner TH
  Title
Membrane fusion: SNAREs and regulation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 65:2814-32 (2008)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-008-8352-3
Related
pathway
pcad04144  Endocytosis
pcad04724  Glutamatergic synapse
pcad04725  Cholinergic synapse
pcad04726  Serotonergic synapse
pcad04727  GABAergic synapse
pcad04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko04721   
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