Entry
Name
Endocytosis - Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale)
Description
Endocytosis is a mechanism for cells to remove ligands, nutrients, and plasma membrane (PM) proteins, and lipids from the cell surface, bringing them into the cell interior. Transmembrane proteins entering through clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE) have sequences in their cytoplasmic domains that bind to the APs (adaptor-related protein complexes) and enable their rapid removal from the PM. In addition to APs and clathrin, there are numerous accessory proteins including dynamin. Depending on the various proteins that enter the endosome membrane, these cargoes are sorted to distinct destinations. Some cargoes, such as nutrient receptors, are recycled back to the PM. Ubiquitylated membrane proteins, such as activated growth-factor receptors, are sorted into intraluminal vesicles and eventually end up in the lysosome lumen via multivesicular endosomes (MVEs). There are distinct mechanisms of clathrin-independent endocytosis (CIE) depending upon the cargo and the cell type.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Other DBs
Organism
Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale) [GN:
pcad ]
Gene
102974585 PARD6B; partitioning defective 6 homolog beta isoform X1 [KO:K06093 ]
102975546 IQSEC1; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
102975958 CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393 ]
102976814 VPS4A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4A isoform X2 [KO:K12196 ]
102976826 PSD4; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12494 ]
102977116 SH3KBP1; SH3 domain-containing kinase-binding protein 1 isoform X9 [KO:K12470 ]
102977146 TSG101; tumor susceptibility gene 101 protein isoform X3 [KO:K12183 ]
102978035 WIPF3; WAS/WASL-interacting protein family member 3 isoform X1 [KO:K19475 ]
102978446 CAPZB; F-actin-capping protein subunit beta isoform X3 [KO:K10365 ]
102978625 PDCD6IP; programmed cell death 6-interacting protein isoform X2 [KO:K12200 ]
102978849 STAM2; signal transducing adapter molecule 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04705 ]
102979617 IL2RG; cytokine receptor common subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K05070 ]
102979637 ARAP3; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12490 ]
102979648 EPS15; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 isoform X2 [KO:K12472 ]
102979871 ASAP2; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12488 ]
102980061 VPS37C; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37C [KO:K12185 ]
102980529 CHMP7; charged multivesicular body protein 7 isoform X4 [KO:K15053 ]
102981146 WASL; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: actin nucleation-promoting factor WASL [KO:K23612 ]
102982039 RAB11FIP5; rab11 family-interacting protein 5 isoform X2 [KO:K12484 ]
102982041 VPS37A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37A [KO:K12185 ]
102982090 ASAP3; arf-GAP with SH3 domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12488 ]
102982141 RAB11FIP2; rab11 family-interacting protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K12484 ]
102982233 ARFGEF2; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K18442 ]
102982311 IGF2R; cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor [KO:K06564 ]
102982593 GBF1; Golgi-specific brefeldin A-resistance guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18443 ]
102982689 HSPA8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein [KO:K03283 ]
102982747 VPS29; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 29 isoform X1 [KO:K18467 ]
102983743 ARAP1; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K18439 ]
102984147 VPS26A; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26A isoform X1 [KO:K18466 ]
102984770 SMAP1; stromal membrane-associated protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12486 ]
102985565 VPS37D; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37D [KO:K12185 ]
102985571 ARAP2; arf-GAP with Rho-GAP domain, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K18440 ]
102985920 RUFY1; RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12482 ]
102986035 VTA1; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein VTA1 homolog [KO:K12199 ]
102986096 AGAP2; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K17848 ]
102986368 ARFGEF1; brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 1 [KO:K18442 ]
102986426 VPS26B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 26B [KO:K18466 ]
102986996 VPS4B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 4B [KO:K12196 ]
102987785 VPS45; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 45 isoform X2 [KO:K12479 ]
102987879 LDLRAP1; low density lipoprotein receptor adapter protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12474 ]
102988499 AGAP3; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12491 ]
102988528 ZFYVE16; zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 16 isoform X2 [KO:K04679 ]
102988931 STAM; signal transducing adapter molecule 1 isoform X2 [KO:K04705 ]
102989435 VPS37B; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 37B isoform X3 [KO:K12185 ]
102989464 ACAP3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 3 [KO:K12489 ]
102989819 SMAD3; mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 isoform X2 [KO:K23605 ]
102990094 ZFYVE9; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: zinc finger FYVE domain-containing protein 9 [KO:K04679 ]
102990601 HSPA6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: heat shock 70 kDa protein 6 [KO:K03283 ]
102990850 ACAP2; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 2 isoform X4 [KO:K12489 ]
102991050 RUFY2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 2 [KO:K12482 ]
102992226 AGAP1; arf-GAP with GTPase, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 [KO:K12491 ]
102992513 ARFGAP3; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12493 ]
102992916 RABEP1; rab GTPase-binding effector protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12480 ]
102993159 PSD3; PH and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X5 [KO:K12494 ]
102993341 IQSEC3; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12495 ]
102993370 VPS25; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 25 [KO:K12189 ]
102993473 VPS28; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 28 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K12184 ]
102993663 HGS; hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate isoform X1 [KO:K12182 ]
102994386 ACAP1; arf-GAP with coiled-coil, ANK repeat and PH domain-containing protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12489 ]
102994550 IQSEC2; IQ motif and SEC7 domain-containing protein 2 isoform X3 [KO:K12495 ]
102995014 ARPC5L; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 5-like protein [KO:K05754 ]
102995150 EPS15L1; epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12472 ]
102995418 VPS35; vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 35 [KO:K18468 ]
102995633 RAB11FIP1; rab11 family-interacting protein 1 isoform X4 [KO:K12484 ]
102995811 ARPC1B; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B isoform X2 [KO:K05757 ]
102995958 ARFGAP2; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 2 isoform X2 [KO:K12493 ]
102996021 ARFGAP1; ADP-ribosylation factor GTPase-activating protein 1 isoform X2 [KO:K12492 ]
102996647 ARPC1A; actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1A isoform X3 [KO:K05757 ]
102996800 DNAJC6; putative tyrosine-protein phosphatase auxilin isoform X1 [KO:K09526 ]
102996936 VPS36; vacuolar protein-sorting-associated protein 36 [KO:K12190 ]
112065100 ARPC2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 2 [KO:K05758 ]
Compound
C04549 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C04637 1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol 4,5-bisphosphate
C05981 Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
C11556 1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3,5-bisphosphate
Reference
Authors
Acconcia F, Sigismund S, Polo S
Title
Ubiquitin in trafficking: the network at work.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Donaldson JG, Porat-Shliom N, Cohen LA
Title
Clathrin-independent endocytosis: a unique platform for cell signaling and PM remodeling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Sorkin A
Title
Cargo recognition during clathrin-mediated endocytosis: a team effort.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Raiborg C, Stenmark H
Title
The ESCRT machinery in endosomal sorting of ubiquitylated membrane proteins.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Scita G, Di Fiore PP
Title
The endocytic matrix.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Le Roy C, Wrana JL
Title
Clathrin- and non-clathrin-mediated endocytic regulation of cell signalling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Jovic M, Sharma M, Rahajeng J, Caplan S
Title
The early endosome: a busy sorting station for proteins at the crossroads.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pietiainen VM, Marjomaki V, Heino J, Hyypia T
Title
Viral entry, lipid rafts and caveosomes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Grant BD, Donaldson JG
Title
Pathways and mechanisms of endocytic recycling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Cullen PJ, Korswagen HC
Title
Sorting nexins provide diversity for retromer-dependent trafficking events.
Journal
Related pathway
pcad04060 Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
pcad04070 Phosphatidylinositol signaling system
pcad04130 SNARE interactions in vesicular transport
KO pathway