KEGG   PATHWAY: tfn04974
Entry
tfn04974                    Pathway                                
Name
Protein digestion and absorption - Trachypithecus francoisi (Francois's langur)
Description
Protein is a dietary component essential for nutritional homeostasis in humans. Normally, ingested protein undergoes a complex series of degradative processes following the action of gastric, pancreatic and small intestinal enzymes. The result of this proteolytic activity is a mixture of amino acids and small peptides. Amino acids (AAs) are transported into the enterocyte (intestinal epithelial cell) by a variety of AA transporters that are specific for cationic (basic) AA, neutral AA, and anionic (acidic) AA. Small peptides are absorbed into enterocytes by the PEPT1 transporter. Inside enterocytes peptides are hydrolyzed, and the resulting amino acids are released together with those absorbed by AA transporters into blood via multiple, basolateral, AA transporters. Hydrolysis-resistant peptides, however, are transported out of the cells by a basolateral peptide transporter that has not been identified molecularly.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
tfn04974  Protein digestion and absorption
tfn04974

Other DBs
GO: 0044256 0050892
Organism
Trachypithecus francoisi (Francois's langur) [GN:tfn]
Gene
117079913  pepsin A-4-like [KO:K06002] [EC:3.4.23.1]
117079914  pepsin A-2/A-3 [KO:K06002] [EC:3.4.23.1]
117080697  pepsin F-like [KO:K06002] [EC:3.4.23.1]
117090595  complement C1s subcomponent-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
117073407  trypsin-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
117088056  CTRB2; chymotrypsinogen B2 [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
117088466  CTRL; chymotrypsin-like protease CTRL-1 isoform X1 [KO:K09632] [EC:3.4.21.-]
117093254  chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2A [KO:K01346] [EC:3.4.21.71]
117093582  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2B [KO:K01346] [EC:3.4.21.71]
117093161  CELA3B; chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 3B isoform X1 [KO:K01345] [EC:3.4.21.70]
117073658  CPA1; carboxypeptidase A1 [KO:K08779] [EC:3.4.17.1]
117072124  CPA2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: carboxypeptidase A2 [KO:K01298] [EC:3.4.17.15]
117084055  CPA3; mast cell carboxypeptidase A [KO:K08780] [EC:3.4.17.1]
117084056  CPB1; carboxypeptidase B isoform X1 [KO:K01291] [EC:3.4.17.2]
117063285  CPB2; carboxypeptidase B2 isoform X1 [KO:K01300] [EC:3.4.17.20]
117064668  SLC9A3; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12040]
117063576  SLC15A1; solute carrier family 15 member 1 [KO:K14206]
117074222  ATP1A4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
117074224  ATP1A2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
117075599  ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
117075655  ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
117078104  ATP1B4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: protein ATP1B4 [KO:K01540]
117084094  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
117076014  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
117067759  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
117079776  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K01538]
117091907  KCNN4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K04945]
117087167  KCNK5; potassium channel subfamily K member 5 [KO:K04916]
117079784  KCNE3; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04897]
117081495  KCNQ1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04926]
117090240  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14207]
117079579  MME; neprilysin [KO:K01389] [EC:3.4.24.11]
117087318  MEP1A; meprin A subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K01395] [EC:3.4.24.18]
117064003  MEP1B; meprin A subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K08606] [EC:3.4.24.63]
117077264  ACE2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [KO:K09708] [EC:3.4.17.23]
117081133  PRCP; lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase isoform X1 [KO:K01285] [EC:3.4.16.2]
117094946  DPP4; dipeptidyl peptidase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K01278] [EC:3.4.14.5]
117077956  XPNPEP2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2 [KO:K14208] [EC:3.4.11.9]
117098535  SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
117091453  SLC1A5; neutral amino acid transporter B(0) isoform X1 [KO:K05616]
117069383  SLC8A3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
117062417  SLC8A1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
117091475  SLC8A2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
117064698  SLC6A19; sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 [KO:K05334]
117081014  SLC3A2; 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K06519]
117069977  SLC7A8; large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K13781]
117079995  SLC36A4; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 4 isoform X1 [KO:K14209]
117065620  SLC36A3; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K14209]
117065621  SLC36A2; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 2 isoform X1 [KO:K14209]
117065622  SLC36A1; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14209]
117096935  SLC16A10; monocarboxylate transporter 10 [KO:K08187]
117062372  SLC3A1; neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT isoform X1 [KO:K14210]
117092281  SLC7A9; B(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K13868]
117069996  SLC7A7; Y+L amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K13867]
117072553  ELN; elastin [KO:K14211]
117073594  COL1A2; collagen alpha-2(I) chain [KO:K06236]
117067210  COL1A1; collagen alpha-1(I) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06236]
117090217  COL2A1; collagen alpha-1(II) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19719]
117094747  COL3A1; collagen alpha-1(III) chain [KO:K19720]
117078318  COL4A6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-6(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
117063510  COL4A2; collagen alpha-2(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
117063511  COL4A1; collagen alpha-1(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
117094430  COL4A3; collagen alpha-3(IV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06237]
117094436  COL4A4; collagen alpha-4(IV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06237]
117077535  COL4A5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-5(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
117087030  COL11A2; collagen alpha-2(XI) chain [KO:K19721]
117098788  COL27A1; collagen alpha-1(XXVII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
117099189  COL5A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(V) chain [KO:K19721]
117092190  COL24A1; collagen alpha-1(XXIV) chain [KO:K19721]
117074769  COL5A3; collagen alpha-3(V) chain [KO:K19721]
117075011  COL11A1; collagen alpha-1(XI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
117094746  COL5A2; collagen alpha-2(V) chain [KO:K19721]
117078804  COL6A6; collagen alpha-6(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
117084197  COL6A5; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-5(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
117084198  collagen alpha-4(VI) chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06238]
117094336  COL6A3; collagen alpha-3(VI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06238]
117095874  COL6A1; collagen alpha-1(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
117095877  COL6A2; collagen alpha-2(VI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06238]
117080924  COL7A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(VII) chain [KO:K16628]
117083604  collagen alpha-1(VIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K23455]
117092881  COL8A2; collagen alpha-2(VIII) chain [KO:K23455]
117087428  COL9A1; collagen alpha-1(IX) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08131]
117069054  COL9A3; collagen alpha-3(IX) chain [KO:K08131]
117092796  COL9A2; collagen alpha-2(IX) chain [KO:K08131]
117096961  COL10A1; collagen alpha-1(X) chain [KO:K19479]
117087458  COL12A1; collagen alpha-1(XII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08132]
117082330  COL13A1; collagen alpha-1(XIII) chain [KO:K16617]
117078996  COL14A1; collagen alpha-1(XIV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08133]
117098930  COL15A1; collagen alpha-1(XV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08135]
117092965  COL16A1; collagen alpha-1(XVI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K24339]
117067304  COL17A1; collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K07603]
117095870  COL18A1; collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06823]
117087426  COL19A1; collagen alpha-1(XIX) chain [KO:K24340]
117069104  COL20A1; collagen alpha-1(XX) chain [KO:K24357]
117087390  COL21A1; collagen alpha-1(XXI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K16629]
117079210  COL22A1; collagen alpha-1(XXII) chain [KO:K16630]
117065409  COL23A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XXIII) chain [KO:K24355]
117085770  COL25A1; collagen alpha-1(XXV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K24356]
117072786  COL26A1; collagen alpha-1(XXVI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K24358]
117072832  COL28A1; collagen alpha-1(XXVIII) chain [KO:K23619]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00033  Acetate
C00037  Glycine
C00041  L-Alanine
C00047  L-Lysine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00062  L-Arginine
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00079  L-Phenylalanine
C00080  H+
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00099  beta-Alanine
C00123  L-Leucine
C00134  Putrescine
C00135  L-Histidine
C00146  Phenol
C00148  L-Proline
C00152  L-Asparagine
C00163  Propanoate
C00183  L-Valine
C00188  L-Threonine
C00238  Potassium cation
C00246  Butanoic acid
C00282  Hydrogen
C00388  Histamine
C00407  L-Isoleucine
C00463  Indole
C00483  Tyramine
C00491  L-Cystine
C01327  Hydrochloric acid
C01330  Sodium cation
C01438  Methane
C01468  4-Cresol
C01672  Cadaverine
C01746  Piperidine
C02632  2-Methylpropanoate
C05996  Branched chain fatty acid
C08262  3-Methylbutanoic acid
C16138  L-Pyrrolysine
C18319  2-Methylbutyrate
Reference
PMID:18195088
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Amino acid transport across mammalian intestinal and renal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:249-86 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00018.2006
Reference
PMID:15772300
  Authors
Palacin M, Nunes V, Font-Llitjos M, Jimenez-Vidal M, Fort J, Gasol E, Pineda M, Feliubadalo L, Chillaron J, Zorzano A
  Title
The genetics of heteromeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 20:112-24 (2005)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00051.2004
Reference
PMID:20522896
  Authors
Goodman BE
  Title
Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans.
  Journal
Adv Physiol Educ 34:44-53 (2010)
DOI:10.1152/advan.00094.2009
Reference
PMID:11546643
  Authors
Wagner CA, Lang F, Broer S
  Title
Function and structure of heterodimeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 281:C1077-93 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.4.C1077
Reference
PMID:18400692
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Apical transporters for neutral amino acids: physiology and pathophysiology.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 23:95-103 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00045.2007
Reference
PMID:9687539
  Authors
Wu G
  Title
Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism.
  Journal
J Nutr 128:1249-52 (1998)
DOI:10.1093/jn/128.8.1249
Reference
PMID:14977407
  Authors
Daniel H
  Title
Molecular and integrative physiology of intestinal peptide transport.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 66:361-84 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.144149
Reference
PMID:12237156
  Authors
Rubio-Aliaga I, Daniel H
  Title
Mammalian peptide transporters as targets for drug delivery.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 23:434-40 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-6147(02)02072-2
Reference
PMID:7937532
  Authors
Bai JP
  Title
Distribution of brush-border membrane peptidases along the rat intestine.
  Journal
Pharm Res 11:897-900 (1994)
DOI:10.1023/a:1018946228432
Reference
PMID:12583961
  Authors
Guarner F, Malagelada JR
  Title
Gut flora in health and disease.
  Journal
Lancet 361:512-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12489-0
Reference
PMID:16887608
  Authors
Smith EA, Macfarlane GT
  Title
Dissimilatory amino Acid metabolism in human colonic bacteria.
  Journal
Anaerobe 3:327-37 (1997)
DOI:10.1006/anae.1997.0121
Reference
PMID:20093818
  Authors
Schepers E, Glorieux G, Vanholder R
  Title
The gut: the forgotten organ in uremia?
  Journal
Blood Purif 29:130-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1159/000245639
Reference
  Authors
John H.Cummings
  Title
The large intestine in nutrition and disease
  Journal
Institut Danone
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Related
pathway
tfn00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
tfn04530  Tight junction
tfn04971  Gastric acid secretion
tfn04972  Pancreatic secretion
KO pathway
ko04974   
LinkDB

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