Entry Name Type I diabetes mellitus - Vicugna pacos (alpaca)
Description Type I diabetes mellitus is a disease that results from autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta-cells. Certain beta-cell proteins act as autoantigens after being processed by antigen-presenting cell (APC), such as macrophages and dendritic cells, and presented in a complex with MHC-II molecules on the surface of the APC. Then immunogenic signals from APC activate CD4+ T cells, predominantly of the Th1 subset. Antigen-activated Th1 cells produce IL-2 and IFNgamma. They activate macrophages and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, and these effector cells may kill islet beta-cells by one or both of two types of mechanisms: (1) direct interactions of antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells with a beta-cell autoantigen-MHC-I complex on the beta-cell, and (2) non-specific inflammatory mediators, such as free radicals/oxidants and cytokines (IL-1, TNFalpha, TNFbeta, IFNgamma).
Class Human Diseases; Endocrine and metabolic diseaseBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Organism Vicugna pacos (alpaca) [GN:
vpc ]
Gene 102532423 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain [KO:K06752 ]
102535226 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
102537458 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
116284686 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
102533644 rano class II histocompatibility antigen, A beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
102536963 mamu class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
102537705 DLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR-1 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
102534820 SLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ haplotype D alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
102532668 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
102532908 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain isoform X2 [KO:K06752 ]
102533164 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain [KO:K06752 ]
102538175 CD80; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD80 isoform X1 [KO:K05412 ]
102527964 CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform X1 [KO:K05413 ]
102541118 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: H-2 class I histocompatibility antigen, Q9 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
102541374 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102541718 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, B-2 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102531552 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like [KO:K06751 ]
102542278 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0102 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
102542512 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: popy Class I histocompatibility antigen, A-1 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
102545865 saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
102543520 BOLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain BL3-7-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
102545610 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-C*0203 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
116280840 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uncharacterized protein LOC116280840 [KO:K10784 ]
102536116 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 [KO:K04389 ]
102535267 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04390 ]
Compound Reference Authors Rabinovitch A, Suarez-Pinzon WL.
Title Cytokines and their roles in pancreatic islet beta-cell destruction and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Journal Reference Authors Cox NJ, Wapelhorst B, Morrison VA, Johnson L, Pinchuk L, Spielman RS, Todd JA, Concannon P
Title Seven regions of the genome show evidence of linkage to type 1 diabetes in a consensus analysis of 767 multiplex families.
Journal Reference Authors Davies JL, Kawaguchi Y, Bennett ST, Copeman JB, Cordell HJ, Pritchard LE, Reed PW, Gough SC, Jenkins SC, Palmer SM, et al.
Title A genome-wide search for human type 1 diabetes susceptibility genes.
Journal Reference Authors Fujisawa T, Ikegami H, Kawaguchi Y, Yamato E, Takekawa K, Nakagawa Y, Hamada Y, Ueda H, Shima K, Ogihara T.
Title Class I HLA is associated with age-at-onset of IDDM, while class II HLA confers susceptibility to IDDM.
Journal Reference Authors Jaeckel E, Klein L, Martin-Orozco N, von Boehmer H.
Title Normal incidence of diabetes in NOD mice tolerant to glutamic acid decarboxylase.
Journal Reference Authors Nakayama M, Abiru N, Moriyama H, Babaya N, Liu E, Miao D, Yu L, Wegmann DR, Hutton JC, Elliott JF, Eisenbarth GS.
Title Prime role for an insulin epitope in the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice.
Journal Reference Authors Kent SC, Chen Y, Bregoli L, Clemmings SM, Kenyon NS, Ricordi C, Hering BJ, Hafler DA.
Title Expanded T cells from pancreatic lymph nodes of type 1 diabetic subjects recognize an insulin epitope.
Journal Reference Authors Lieberman SM, DiLorenzo TP.
Title A comprehensive guide to antibody and T-cell responses in type 1 diabetes.
Journal Reference Authors Lord SJ, Rajotte RV, Korbutt GS, Bleackley RC.
Title Granzyme B: a natural born killer.
Journal Related vpc04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
