Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric disorder first diagnosed in childhood and frequently persistent throughout adult life. The disorder is classically characterized by symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Many children with ADHD go on to have problems related to education, social functioning, and/or other mental illness as adolescents and young adults. Although heritability estimates are consistently high, ADHD is a genetically complex disorder characterized by multifactorial inheritance involving numerous genes of moderate effect. Reports implicate variants of genes important for the synthesis, uptake, transport and receptor binding of dopamine in the etiology of ADHD. And interaction between the dopamine and serotonin systems has been implicated in both the pathophysiology of ADHD and the mechanism of action of widely used stimulant compounds.
Category
Mental and behavioural disorder
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
06 Mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders
Neurodevelopmental disorders
6A05 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
H01895 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
Amino acid metabolism
nt06028 Dopamine and serotonin metabolism
H01895 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Cellular process
nt06544 Neuroactive ligand signaling
H01895 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Systematic evidence synthesis of treatments for ADHD in children and adolescents: indirect treatment comparisons of lisdexamfetamine with methylphenidate and atomoxetine.
Halperin D, Stavsky A, Kadir R, Drabkin M, Wormser O, Yogev Y, Dolgin V, Proskorovski-Ohayon R, Perez Y, Nudelman H, Stoler O, Rotblat B, Lifschytz T, Lotan A, Meiri G, Gitler D, Birk OS
Title
CDH2 mutation affecting N-cadherin function causes attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in humans and mice.
