KEGG   PATHWAY: gaf00480
Entry
gaf00480                    Pathway                                
Name
Glutathione metabolism - Gambusia affinis (western mosquitofish)
Class
Metabolism; Metabolism of other amino acids
Pathway map
gaf00480  Glutathione metabolism
gaf00480

Module
gaf_M00118  Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:gaf00480]
Other DBs
GO: 0006749
Organism
Gambusia affinis (western mosquitofish) [GN:gaf]
Gene
122839052  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutathione hydrolase-like YwrD proenzyme [KO:K00681] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13]
122829436  glutathione hydrolase 7 [KO:K00681] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13]
122819179  ggt5b; glutathione hydrolase 5 proenzyme [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
122819302  ggt1b; glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme isoform X1 [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
122828301  ggt5a; gamma-glutamyltransferase 5a [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
122828305  ggt1a; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: gamma-glutamyltransferase 1a [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
122830665  ggctb; gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase b isoform X1 [KO:K00682] [EC:4.3.2.9]
122843621  ggcta; gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase a [KO:K00682] [EC:4.3.2.9]
122846208  glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1-like [KO:K07232] [EC:4.3.2.7]
122823805  chac2; putative glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 [KO:K07232] [EC:4.3.2.7]
122824941  chac1; glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 [KO:K07232] [EC:4.3.2.7]
122823912  oplah; 5-oxoprolinase isoform X1 [KO:K01469] [EC:3.5.2.9]
122842336  gclc; glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit [KO:K11204] [EC:6.3.2.2]
122838247  gclm; glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit [KO:K11205]
122831931  gss; glutathione synthetase [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
122830415  lap3; cytosol aminopeptidase [KO:K11142] [EC:3.4.11.1 3.4.11.5]
122826786  zgc:152830; putative aminopeptidase W07G4.4 [KO:K01255] [EC:3.4.11.1]
122834962  aminopeptidase N-like [KO:K11140] [EC:3.4.11.2]
122822832  aminopeptidase N-like [KO:K11140] [EC:3.4.11.2]
122822859  aminopeptidase Ey-like [KO:K11140] [EC:3.4.11.2]
122836149  anpepb; alanyl (membrane) aminopeptidase b [KO:K11140] [EC:3.4.11.2]
122836150  aminopeptidase Ey [KO:K11140] [EC:3.4.11.2]
122845661  mgst3b; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3b [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122845853  microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122843816  gstr; glutathione S-transferase rho [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122843817  glutathione S-transferase A-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122842331  gsta.1; glutathione S-transferase, alpha tandem duplicate 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122834058  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122834066  glutathione S-transferase Mu 3-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122842569  glutathione S-transferase omega-1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122828504  glutathione S-transferase theta-3-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122828631  gstt2; glutathione S-transferase theta-2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122839996  gstt1b; glutathione S-transferase theta-1b [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122842972  glutathione S-transferase omega-1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122843149  glutathione S-transferase A-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122843150  glutathione S-transferase A-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122840631  mgst3a; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3a [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122843702  glutathione S-transferase A-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122836556  mgst2; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122831033  glutathione S-transferase kappa 1-like [KO:K13299] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122827214  lancl1; glutathione S-transferase LANCL1 [KO:K25210] [EC:2.5.1.18]
122846155  probable N-acetyltransferase camello [KO:K20838] [EC:2.3.1.80 2.3.1.-]
122846157  probable N-acetyltransferase camello [KO:K20838] [EC:2.3.1.80 2.3.1.-]
122833041  N-acetyltransferase family 8 member 3 [KO:K20838] [EC:2.3.1.80 2.3.1.-]
122834765  nat8l2; N-acetyltransferase 8-like 2 [KO:K20838] [EC:2.3.1.80 2.3.1.-]
122837104  gsr; glutathione reductase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00383] [EC:1.8.1.7]
122842254  isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrial-like [KO:K00031] [EC:1.1.1.42]
122839521  idh1; isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic [KO:K00031] [EC:1.1.1.42]
122835749  idh2; isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrial [KO:K00031] [EC:1.1.1.42]
122834525  pgd; 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating [KO:K00033] [EC:1.1.1.44 1.1.1.343]
122837620  glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase-like isoform X1 [KO:K00036] [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363]
122839144  glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase [KO:K00036] [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363]
122840498  txndc12; thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 [KO:K05360] [EC:1.8.4.2]
122838806  gpx4a; glutathione peroxidase 4a isoform X1 [KO:K05361] [EC:1.11.1.12]
122840802  phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase-like [KO:K05361] [EC:1.11.1.12]
122846580  gpx2; glutathione peroxidase 2 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
122837332  gpx3; glutathione peroxidase 3 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
122833609  glutathione peroxidase 1-like [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
122838824  gpx7; glutathione peroxidase 7 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
122834677  gpx1b; glutathione peroxidase 1b [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
122828652  gpx8; probable glutathione peroxidase 8 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
122822949  gpx9; glutathione peroxidase 9 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
122841428  peroxiredoxin-6-like isoform X1 [KO:K11188] [EC:1.11.1.7 1.11.1.27 3.1.1.-]
122838762  prdx6; peroxiredoxin-6 [KO:K11188] [EC:1.11.1.7 1.11.1.27 3.1.1.-]
122845617  odc1; ornithine decarboxylase [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
122834646  srm; spermidine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
122844452  sms; spermine synthase [KO:K00802] [EC:2.5.1.22]
122844845  ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit-like isoform X1 [KO:K10807] [EC:1.17.4.1]
122833272  ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit [KO:K10807] [EC:1.17.4.1]
122844210  rrm2b; ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
122825653  ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 isoform X1 [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
Compound
C00005  NADPH
C00006  NADP+
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00037  Glycine
C00051  Glutathione
C00072  Ascorbate
C00077  L-Ornithine
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00127  Glutathione disulfide
C00134  Putrescine
C00151  L-Amino acid
C00315  Spermidine
C00669  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
C00750  Spermine
C01322  RX
C01419  Cys-Gly
C01672  Cadaverine
C01879  5-Oxoproline
C02090  Trypanothione
C02320  R-S-Glutathione
C03170  Trypanothione disulfide
C03646  Bis-gamma-glutamylcystine
C03740  (5-L-Glutamyl)-L-amino acid
C05422  Dehydroascorbate
C05726  S-Substituted L-cysteine
C05727  S-Substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine
C05729  R-S-Cysteinylglycine
C05730  Glutathionylspermidine
C16562  Glutathionylspermine
C16563  Bis(glutathionyl)spermine
C16564  Bis(glutathionyl)spermine disulfide
C16565  Aminopropylcadaverine
C16566  Glutathionylaminopropylcadaverine
C16567  Homotrypanothione
C16568  Homotrypanothione disulfide
C16663  Tryparedoxin
C16664  Tryparedoxin disulfide
Reference
  Authors
Josch C, Klotz LO, Sies H.
  Title
Identification of cytosolic leucyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1) as the major cysteinylglycine-hydrolysing activity in rat liver.
  Journal
Biol Chem 384:213-8 (2003)
DOI:10.1515/BC.2003.023
Reference
  Authors
Chu L, Lai Y, Xu X, Eddy S, Yang S, Song L, Kolodrubetz D.
  Title
A 52-kDa leucyl aminopeptidase from treponema denticola is a cysteinylglycinase that mediates the second step of glutathione metabolism.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 283:19351-8 (2008)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M801034200
Reference
  Authors
Cappiello M, Lazzarotti A, Buono F, Scaloni A, D'Ambrosio C, Amodeo P, Mendez BL, Pelosi P, Del Corso A, Mura U.
  Title
New role for leucyl aminopeptidase in glutathione turnover.
  Journal
Biochem J 378:35-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1042/BJ20031336
Reference
  Authors
Suzuki H, Kamatani S, Kim ES, Kumagai H.
  Title
Aminopeptidases A, B, and N and dipeptidase D are the four cysteinylglycinases of Escherichia coli K-12.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 183:1489-90 (2001)
DOI:10.1128/JB.183.4.1489-1490.2001
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Shaw MP, Wyllie S, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Trypanothione biosynthesis in Leishmania major.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 139:107-16 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.10.004
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Characterization of recombinant glutathionylspermidine synthetase/amidase from Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
Biochem J 364:679-86 (2002)
DOI:10.1042/BJ20011370
Reference
PMID:9677355
  Authors
Tetaud E, Manai F, Barrett MP, Nadeau K, Walsh CT, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Cloning and characterization of the two enzymes responsible for trypanothione biosynthesis in Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 273:19383-90 (1998)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.31.19383
Reference
  Authors
Ariyanayagam MR, Oza SL, Mehlert A, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Bis(glutathionyl)spermine and other novel trypanothione analogues in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:27612-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M302750200
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Aitcheson N, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Properties of trypanothione synthetase from Trypanosoma brucei.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 131:25-33 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(03)00176-2
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Tetaud E, Ariyanayagam MR, Warnon SS, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
A single enzyme catalyses formation of Trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 277:35853-61 (2002)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M204403200
Reference
  Authors
Comini M, Menge U, Wissing J, Flohe L.
  Title
Trypanothione synthesis in crithidia revisited.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 280:6850-60 (2005)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M404486200
Reference
PMID:7813456
  Authors
Hunter KJ, Le Quesne SA, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Identification and biosynthesis of N1,N9-bis(glutathionyl)aminopropylcadaverine (homotrypanothione) in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 226:1019-27 (1994)
DOI:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.t01-1-01019.x
Reference
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Meiering SK, Schmidt H.
  Title
The parasite-specific trypanothione metabolism of trypanosoma and leishmania.
  Journal
Biol Chem 384:539-49 (2003)
DOI:10.1515/BC.2003.062
Reference
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Comini MA.
  Title
Redox control in trypanosomatids, parasitic protozoa with trypanothione-based thiol metabolism.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1780:1236-48 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.03.006
Reference
PMID:8892297
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Ludemann H.
  Title
Reduction of dehydroascorbate by trypanothione.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 80:203-8 (1996)
DOI:10.1016/0166-6851(96)02689-8
Reference
  Authors
Dormeyer M, Reckenfelderbaumer N, Ludemann H, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
Trypanothione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by Trypanosoma brucei ribonucleotide reductase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 276:10602-6 (2001)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M010352200
Reference
  Authors
Schmidt H, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
Functional and physicochemical characterization of the thioredoxin system in Trypanosoma brucei.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:46329-36 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M305338200
Reference
PMID:9851611
  Authors
Tetaud E, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Cloning, expression and reconstitution of the trypanothione-dependent peroxidase system of Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 96:111-23 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(98)00120-0
Reference
  Authors
Castro H, Sousa C, Santos M, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Flohe L, Tomas AM.
  Title
Complementary antioxidant defense by cytoplasmic and mitochondrial peroxiredoxins in Leishmania infantum.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 33:1552-62 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0891-5849(02)01089-4
Reference
  Authors
Wilkinson SR, Temperton NJ, Mondragon A, Kelly JM.
  Title
Distinct mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes mediate trypanothione-dependent peroxide metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 275:8220-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.275.11.8220
Reference
  Authors
Konig J, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
A comparative study of type I and type II tryparedoxin peroxidases in Leishmania major.
  Journal
FEBS J 274:5643-58 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06087.x
Reference
  Authors
Hillebrand H, Schmidt A, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
A second class of peroxidases linked to the trypanothione metabolism.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:6809-15 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M210392200
Reference
  Authors
Soksawatmaekhin W, Kuraishi A, Sakata K, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K.
  Title
Excretion and uptake of cadaverine by CadB and its physiological functions in Escherichia coli.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 51:1401-12 (2004)
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03913.x
Reference
PMID:6798961
  Authors
Pegg AE, Shuttleworth K, Hibasami H.
  Title
Specificity of mammalian spermidine synthase and spermine synthase.
  Journal
Biochem J 197:315-20 (1981)
DOI:10.1042/bj1970315
Related
pathway
gaf00220  Arginine biosynthesis
gaf00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
gaf00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
gaf00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
KO pathway
ko00480   
LinkDB

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