KEGG   PATHWAY: ko04981
Entry
ko04981                     Pathway                                
Name
Folate transport and metabolism
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
ko04981  Folate transport and metabolism
ko04981

Orthology
K00287  DHFR, folA; dihydrofolate reductase [EC:1.5.1.3]
K00288  MTHFD; methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+) / methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase / formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase [EC:1.5.1.5 3.5.4.9 6.3.4.3]
K00544  BHMT; betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.5]
K00547  mmuM, BHMT2; homocysteine S-methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.10]
K00548  metH, MTR; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate--homocysteine methyltransferase [EC:2.1.1.13]
K00560  thyA, TYMS; thymidylate synthase [EC:2.1.1.45]
K00600  glyA, SHMT; glycine hydroxymethyltransferase [EC:2.1.2.1]
K01930  FPGS; folylpolyglutamate synthase [EC:6.3.2.17]
K01934  MTHFS; 5-formyltetrahydrofolate cyclo-ligase [EC:6.3.3.2]
K05043  SLCO1B; solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1B
K05665  ABCC1; ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 1 [EC:7.6.2.3]
K05666  ABCC2; ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 2
K05667  ABCC3; ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 3
K05668  ABCC5; ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 5
K05673  ABCC4; ATP-binding cassette, subfamily C (CFTR/MRP), member 4
K05681  ABCG2, CD338; ATP-binding cassette, subfamily G (WHITE), member 2
K08203  SLC22A6, OAT1; MFS transporter, OCT family, solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 6
K08205  SLC22A8, OAT3; MFS transporter, OCT family, solute carrier family 22 (organic anion transporter), member 8
K13649  FOLR; folate receptor
K14352  SLCO2B; solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 2B
K14592  FOLH1, GCPII; glutamate carboxypeptidase II (folate hydrolase 1) [EC:3.4.17.21]
K14609  SLC19A1, RFC1; solute carrier family 19 (folate transporter), member 1
K14613  SLC46A1; MFS transporter, PCFT/HCP family, solute carrier family 46 (folate transporter), member 1
K25004  MTHFR; methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (NADPH)
Compound
C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
C00021  S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00080  H+
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00155  L-Homocysteine
C00157  Phosphatidylcholine
C00364  dTMP
C00365  dUMP
C00415  Dihydrofolate
C00440  5-Methyltetrahydrofolate
C00445  5,10-Methenyltetrahydrofolate
C00504  Folate
C00719  Betaine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01937  Methotrexate
C01996  Acetylcholine
C03479  Folinic acid
Reference
  Authors
Alam C, Kondo M, O'Connor DL, Bendayan R
  Title
Clinical Implications of Folate Transport in the Central Nervous System.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 41:349-361 (2020)
DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2020.02.004
Reference
  Authors
Akiyama T, Kuki I, Kim K, Yamamoto N, Yamada Y, Igarashi K, Ishihara T, Hatano Y, Kobayashi K
  Title
Folic acid inhibits 5-methyltetrahydrofolate transport across the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier: Clinical biochemical data from two cases.
  Journal
JIMD Rep 63:529-535 (2022)
DOI:10.1002/jmd2.12321
Reference
  Authors
Visentin M, Diop-Bove N, Zhao R, Goldman ID
  Title
The intestinal absorption of folates.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 76:251-74 (2014)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-physiol-020911-153251
Reference
  Authors
Ledowsky C, Mahimbo A, Scarf V, Steel A
  Title
Women Taking a Folic Acid Supplement in Countries with Mandatory Food Fortification Programs May Be Exceeding the Upper Tolerable Limit of Folic Acid:  A Systematic Review.
  Journal
Nutrients 14:nu14132715 (2022)
DOI:10.3390/nu14132715
Reference
  Authors
Zarou MM, Vazquez A, Vignir Helgason G
  Title
Folate metabolism: a re-emerging therapeutic target in haematological cancers.
  Journal
Leukemia 35:1539-1551 (2021)
DOI:10.1038/s41375-021-01189-2
Reference
  Authors
Bekdash RA
  Title
Methyl Donors, Epigenetic Alterations, and Brain Health: Understanding the Connection.
  Journal
Int J Mol Sci 24:ijms24032346 (2023)
DOI:10.3390/ijms24032346
Reference
  Authors
Steinfeld R, Grapp M, Kraetzner R, Dreha-Kulaczewski S, Helms G, Dechent P, Wevers R, Grosso S, Gartner J
  Title
Folate receptor alpha defect causes cerebral folate transport deficiency: a treatable neurodegenerative disorder associated with disturbed myelin metabolism.
  Journal
Am J Hum Genet 85:354-63 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.08.005
Reference
  Authors
Sternbach S, West N, Singhal NK, Clements R, Basu S, Tripathi A, Dutta R, Freeman EJ, McDonough J
  Title
The BHMT-betaine methylation pathway epigenetically modulates oligodendrocyte maturation.
  Journal
PLoS One 16:e0250486 (2021)
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0250486
Reference
  Authors
Shulpekova Y, Nechaev V, Kardasheva S, Sedova A, Kurbatova A, Bueverova E, Kopylov A, Malsagova K, Dlamini JC, Ivashkin V
  Title
The Concept of Folic Acid in Health and Disease.
  Journal
Molecules 26:molecules26123731 (2021)
DOI:10.3390/molecules26123731
Reference
  Authors
Mafi S, Laroche-Raynaud C, Chazelas P, Lia AS, Derouault P, Sturtz F, Baaj Y, Froget R, Rio M, Benoist JF, Poumeaud F, Favreau F, Faye PA
  Title
Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy in Childhood: Think of the Cerebral Folate Deficiency, a Treatable Disease.
  Journal
Brain Sci 10:brainsci10110762 (2020)
DOI:10.3390/brainsci10110762
Related
pathway
ko00240  Pyrimidine metabolism
ko00670  One carbon pool by folate
ko00790  Folate biosynthesis
ko01523  Antifolate resistance
ko04144  Endocytosis
ko04725  Cholinergic synapse

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