Entry Name Thyroid cancer
Description Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and accounts for the majority of endocrine cancer- related deaths each year. More than 95% of thyroid carcinomas are derived from follicular cells. Their behavior varies from the indolent growing, well-differentiated papillary and follicular carcinomas (PTC and FTC, respectively) to the extremely aggressive undifferentiated carcinoma (UC). Somatic rearrangements of RET and TRK are almost exclusively found in PTC and may be found in early stages. The most distinctive molecular features of FTC are the prominence of aneuploidy and the high prevalence of RAS mutations and PAX8-PPAR{gamma} rearrangements. p53 seems to play a crucial role in the dedifferentiation process of thyroid carcinoma.
Class Human Diseases; Cancer: specific typesBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Disease Orthology K02159 BAX; apoptosis regulator BAX
K02620 TCF7, TCF-1; transcription factor 7
K03176 NTRK1, TRKA; neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 1 [EC:2.7.10.1 ]
K04365 BRAF; B-Raf proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [EC:2.7.11.1 ]
K04368 MAP2K1, MEK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
K04369 MAP2K2, MEK2; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [EC:2.7.12.2 ]
K04377 MYC; Myc proto-oncogene protein
K04402 GADD45; growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein
K04451 TP53, P53; tumor protein p53
K04490 TCF7L1; transcription factor 7-like 1
K04491 TCF7L2; transcription factor 7-like 2
K04492 LEF1; lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1
K04503 CCND1; G1/S-specific cyclin-D1
K05689 CDH1, CDHE, CD324; cadherin 1, type 1, E-cadherin
K06625 CDKN1A, P21, CIP1; cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A
K07827 KRAS, KRAS2; GTPase KRas
K08524 RXRA, NR2B1; retinoid X receptor alpha
K08525 RXRB, NR2B2; retinoid X receptor beta
K08526 RXRG, NR2B3; retinoid X receptor gamma
K08530 NR1C3, PPARG; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
K09288 CCDC6, PTC; coiled-coil domain-containing protein 6
K09289 NCOA4, PTC3; nuclear receptor coactivator 4
K09291 TPR, MLP1, MLP2; nucleoprotein TPR
K09293 PAX8; paired box protein 8
K10140 DDB2; DNA damage-binding protein 2
K14021 BAK, BAK1; Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer
Reference Authors Kondo T, Ezzat S, Asa SL.
Title Pathogenetic mechanisms in thyroid follicular-cell neoplasia.
Journal Reference Authors Chiloeches A, Marais R.
Title Is BRAF the Achilles' Heel of thyroid cancer?
Journal Reference Authors Reddi HV, McIver B, Grebe SK, Eberhardt NL
Title The paired box-8/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma oncogene in thyroid tumorigenesis.
Journal Reference Authors Santoro M, Melillo RM, Fusco A.
Title RET/PTC activation in papillary thyroid carcinoma: European Journal of Endocrinology Prize Lecture.
Journal Reference Authors Pierotti MA, Greco A.
Title Oncogenic rearrangements of the NTRK1/NGF receptor.
Journal Reference Authors Sobrinho-Simoes M, Preto A, Rocha AS, Castro P, Maximo V, Fonseca E, Soares P.
Title Molecular pathology of well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas.
Journal Reference Authors Gimm O.
Title Thyroid cancer.
Journal Reference Authors Williams D.
Title Cancer after nuclear fallout: lessons from the Chernobyl accident.
Journal Related
