KEGG   PATHWAY: ko03320
Entry
ko03320                     Pathway                                
Name
PPAR signaling pathway
Description
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear hormone receptors that are activated by fatty acids and their derivatives. PPAR has three subtypes (PPARalpha, beta/delta, and gamma) showing different expression patterns in vertebrates. Each of them is encoded in a separate gene and binds fatty acids and eicosanoids. PPARalpha plays a role in the clearance of circulating or cellular lipids via the regulation of gene expression involved in lipid metabolism in liver and skeletal muscle. PPARbeta/delta is involved in lipid oxidation and cell proliferation. PPARgamma promotes adipocyte differentiation to enhance blood glucose uptake.
Class
Organismal Systems; Endocrine system
Pathway map
ko03320  PPAR signaling pathway
ko03320

Orthology
K06259  CD36 antigen
K08745  solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 1/4 [EC:6.2.1.-]
K08746  solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 2 [EC:6.2.1.- 6.2.1.3]
K08748  solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 5 [EC:6.2.1.7]
K08749  solute carrier family 27 (fatty acid transporter), member 6
K08750  fatty acid-binding protein 1, liver
K08751  fatty acid-binding protein 2, intestinal
K08752  fatty acid-binding protein 3, muscle and heart
K08753  fatty acid-binding protein 4, adipocyte
K08754  fatty acid-binding protein 5, epidermal
K08755  fatty acid-binding protein 6, ileal (gastrotropin)
K08756  fatty acid-binding protein 7, brain
K07294  peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
K08524  retinoid X receptor alpha
K08525  retinoid X receptor beta
K08526  retinoid X receptor gamma
K04504  peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta
K08530  peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
K01641  hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase [EC:2.3.3.10]
K08757  apolipoprotein A-I
K08758  apolipoprotein A-II
K08759  apolipoprotein C-III
K09025  apolipoprotein A-V
K08761  phospholipid transfer protein
K00029  malate dehydrogenase (oxaloacetate-decarboxylating)(NADP+) [EC:1.1.1.40]
K10226  acyl-CoA 6-desaturase (Delta-6 desaturase) [EC:1.14.19.3]
K00507  stearoyl-CoA desaturase (Delta-9 desaturase) [EC:1.14.19.1]
K00489  cholesterol 7alpha-monooxygenase [EC:1.14.14.23]
K07431  sterol 12-alpha-hydroxylase [EC:1.14.14.139]
K08536  liver X receptor alpha
K00488  cholestanetriol 26-monooxygenase [EC:1.14.15.15]
K08762  diazepam-binding inhibitor (GABA receptor modulator, acyl-CoA-binding protein)
K01059  lipoprotein lipase [EC:3.1.1.34]
K01897  long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase [EC:6.2.1.3]
K15013  long-chain-fatty-acid--CoA ligase ACSBG [EC:6.2.1.3]
K08763  oxidised low-density lipoprotein receptor 1
K07514  enoyl-CoA hydratase / 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase / 3,2-trans-enoyl-CoA isomerase [EC:4.2.1.17 1.1.1.35 5.3.3.8]
K07425  long-chain fatty acid omega-monooxygenase [EC:1.14.14.80]
K07513  acetyl-CoA acyltransferase 1 [EC:2.3.1.16]
K08764  sterol carrier protein 2 [EC:2.3.1.176]
K00232  acyl-CoA oxidase [EC:1.3.3.6]
K10214  3alpha,7alpha,12alpha-trihydroxy-5beta-cholestanoyl-CoA 24-hydroxylase [EC:1.17.99.3]
K08765  carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform [EC:2.3.1.21]
K19523  carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform [EC:2.3.1.21]
K19524  carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, brain isoform [EC:2.3.1.21]
K08766  carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 2 [EC:2.3.1.21]
K00255  long-chain-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase [EC:1.3.8.8]
K00249  acyl-CoA dehydrogenase [EC:1.3.8.7]
K08767  angiopoietin-like 4
K06086  sorbin and SH3 domain containing protein 1
K08768  perilipin-1
K17284  perilipin-2
K20254  perilipin-4
K20255  perilipin-5
K07296  adiponectin
K01388  matrix metalloproteinase-1 (interstitial collagenase) [EC:3.4.24.7]
K08769  solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial uncoupling protein), member 7
K06272  integrin-linked kinase [EC:2.7.11.1]
K06276  3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 [EC:2.7.11.1]
K08770  ubiquitin C
K01596  phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) [EC:4.1.1.32]
K00864  glycerol kinase [EC:2.7.1.30]
K08771  aquaporin-7
Compound
C02165  Leukotriene B4
C14762  13(S)-HODE
C14767  9(S)-HODE
C14776  8(S)-HETE
C15493  9-cis-Retinoic acid
Reference
  Authors
Takahashi N, Goto T, Kusudo T, Moriyama T, Kawada T.
  Title
[The structures and functions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)]
  Journal
Nippon Rinsho 63:557-64 (2005)
Reference
  Authors
Fujii H.
  Title
[PPARs-mediated intracellular signal transduction]
  Journal
Nippon Rinsho 63:565-71 (2005)
Reference
  Authors
Takada I, Kato S.
  Title
[PPARs target genes]
  Journal
Nippon Rinsho 63:573-7 (2005)
Reference
  Authors
Inoue H.
  Title
[Endogenous ligands for PPARs]
  Journal
Nippon Rinsho 63:578-83 (2005)
Reference
  Authors
Feige JN, Gelman L, Michalik L, Desvergne B, Wahli W.
  Title
From molecular action to physiological outputs: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors are nuclear receptors at the crossroads of key cellular functions.
  Journal
Prog Lipid Res 45:120-59 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.plipres.2005.12.002
Reference
  Authors
Desvergne B, Michalik L, Wahli W.
  Title
Transcriptional regulation of metabolism.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 86:465-514 (2006)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00025.2005
Reference
  Authors
Mandard S, Muller M, Kersten S.
  Title
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha target genes.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 61:393-416 (2004)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-003-3216-3
Reference
  Authors
Desvergne B, Wahli W.
  Title
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: nuclear control of metabolism.
  Journal
Endocr Rev 20:649-88 (1999)
DOI:10.1210/edrv.20.5.0380
Reference
  Authors
Savage DB.
  Title
PPARgamma as a metabolic regulator: insights from genomics and pharmacology.
  Journal
Expert Rev Mol Med 2005:1-16 (2005)
DOI:10.1017/S1462399405008793
Reference
  Authors
Semple RK, Chatterjee VK, O'Rahilly S.
  Title
PPAR gamma and human metabolic disease.
  Journal
J Clin Invest 116:581-9 (2006)
DOI:10.1172/JCI28003
Reference
  Authors
Lehrke M, Lazar MA.
  Title
The many faces of PPARgamma.
  Journal
Cell 123:993-9 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2005.11.026
Reference
  Authors
Hauner H.
  Title
The mode of action of thiazolidinediones.
  Journal
Diabetes Metab Res Rev 18 Suppl 2:S10-5 (2002)
DOI:10.1002/dmrr.249
Related
pathway
ko00071  Fatty acid degradation
ko00120  Primary bile acid biosynthesis
ko00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
ko04920  Adipocytokine signaling pathway
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