Entry Name Olfactory transduction - Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey)
Description Within the compact cilia of the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) a cascade of enzymatic activity transduces the binding of an odorant molecule to a receptor into an electrical signal that can be transmitted to the brain. Odorant molecules bind to a receptor protein (R) coupled to an olfactory specific Gs-protein (G) and activate a type III adenylyl cyclase (AC), increasing intracellular cAMP levels. cAMP targets an olfactory-specific cyclic-nucleotide gated ion channel (CNG), allowing cations, particularly Na and Ca, to flow down their electrochemical gradients into the cell, depolarizing the ORN. Furthermore, the Ca entering the cell is able to activate a Ca-activated Cl channel, which would allow Cl to flow out of the cell, thus further increasing the depolarization. Elevated intracellular Ca causes adaptation by at least two different molecular steps: inhibition of the activity of adenylyl cyclase via CAMKII-dependent phosphorylation and down-regulation of the affinity of the CNG channel to cAMP.
Class Organismal Systems; Sensory systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Other DBs Organism Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) [GN:
mcc ]
Gene 114673806 GNAL; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(olf) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04633 ]
574193 SLC8A1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 precursor [KO:K05849 ]
693753 CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183 ]
693937 PDE1C; calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C isoform X1 [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
697997 SLC24A4; sodium/potassium/calcium exchanger 4 isoform X1 [KO:K13752 ]
702504 CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X2 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
703399 GNB1; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 [KO:K04536 ]
703514 CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 isoform X1 [KO:K02183 ]
704486 CNGA2; cyclic nucleotide-gated olfactory channel [KO:K04949 ]
705555 PDE1A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1A [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
705920 PDE1B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1B [KO:K13755 ] [EC:3.1.4.17 ]
705980 CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
706073 CNGB1; cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel beta-1 [KO:K04952 ]
706977 CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X11 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
707872 CNGA3; cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04950 ]
708747 OR2B3; olfactory receptor, family 2, subfamily B, member 3 [KO:K04257 ]
710540 CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515 ] [EC:2.7.11.17 ]
711335 GNG7; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-7 [KO:K04543 ]
713010 CNGA4; cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-4 [KO:K04951 ]
713061 SLC8A3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X2 [KO:K05849 ]
718243 SLC8A2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05849 ]
718632 PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345 ] [EC:2.7.11.11 ]
722398 GNG13; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(O) subunit gamma-13 [KO:K04547 ]
Compound Reference Authors Kaupp UB
Title Olfactory signalling in vertebrates and insects: differences and commonalities.
Journal Reference Authors Peterlin Z, Firestein S, Rogers ME
Title The state of the art of odorant receptor deorphanization: a report from the orphanage.
Journal Reference Authors Kato A, Touhara K
Title Mammalian olfactory receptors: pharmacology, G protein coupling and desensitization.
Journal Reference Authors Firestein S.
Title How the olfactory system makes sense of scents.
Journal Reference Authors Ache BW, Young JM.
Title Olfaction: diverse species, conserved principles.
Journal Reference Authors Zufall F, Leinders-Zufall T.
Title The cellular and molecular basis of odor adaptation.
Journal Reference Authors Lodovichi C, Belluscio L
Title Odorant receptors in the formation of the olfactory bulb circuitry.
Journal Reference Authors Kohout TA, Lefkowitz RJ.
Title Regulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinases and arrestins during receptor desensitization.
Journal Reference Authors De Palo G, Boccaccio A, Miri A, Menini A, Altafini C
Title A dynamical feedback model for adaptation in the olfactory transduction pathway.
Journal Reference Authors Zufall F, Munger SD
Title Receptor guanylyl cyclases in mammalian olfactory function.
Journal Reference Authors Duda T, Sharma RK
Title Ca2+-modulated ONE-GC odorant signal transduction.
Journal Related KO pathway
