KEGG   PATHWAY: ath00480
Entry
ath00480                    Pathway                                
Name
Glutathione metabolism - Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress)
Class
Metabolism; Metabolism of other amino acids
Pathway map
ath00480  Glutathione metabolism
ath00480

Module
ath_M00118  Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:ath00480]
Other DBs
GO: 0006749
Organism
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) [GN:ath]
Gene
AT4G39640  GGT1; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 1 [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
AT4G39650  GGT2; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 2 [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
AT1G69820  GGT3; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 3 [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
AT4G29210  GGT4; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase 4 [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
AT5G26220  ChaC-like family protein [KO:K22596] [EC:4.3.2.9]
AT4G31290  ChaC-like family protein [KO:K22596] [EC:4.3.2.9]
AT1G44790  ChaC-like family protein [KO:K22596] [EC:4.3.2.9]
AT5G37830  OXP1; oxoprolinase 1 [KO:K01469] [EC:3.5.2.9]
AT4G23100  GSH1; glutamate-cysteine ligase [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
AT5G27380  GSH2; glutathione synthetase 2 [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
AT4G30920  LAP2; Cytosol aminopeptidase family protein [KO:K01255] [EC:3.4.11.1]
AT2G24200  LAP1; Cytosol aminopeptidase family protein [KO:K01255] [EC:3.4.11.1]
AT4G30910  Cytosol aminopeptidase family protein [KO:K01255] [EC:3.4.11.1]
AT1G63770  Peptidase M1 family protein [KO:K01256] [EC:3.4.11.2]
AT1G65820  microsomal glutathione s-transferase [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT2G30860  GSTF9; glutathione S-transferase PHI 9 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT3G03190  GSTF11; glutathione S-transferase F11 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT2G29440  GSTU6; glutathione S-transferase tau 6 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT2G29490  GSTU1; glutathione S-transferase TAU 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT2G29460  GSTU4; glutathione S-transferase tau 4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT2G29480  GSTU2; glutathione S-transferase tau 2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT2G47730  GSTF8; glutathione S-transferase phi 8 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT3G43800  GSTU27; glutathione S-transferase tau 27 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT2G02930  GSTF3; glutathione S-transferase F3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G02940  GSTF5; glutathione S-transferase (class phi) 5 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G02950  GSTF4; glutathione S-transferase F4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G02920  GSTF7; glutathione S-transferase 7 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT5G17220  GSTF12; glutathione S-transferase phi 12 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT4G02520  GSTF2; glutathione S-transferase PHI 2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G10370  ERD9; Glutathione S-transferase family protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G10360  GSTU18; glutathione S-transferase TAU 18 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G02930  GSTF6; glutathione S-transferase 6 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT3G62760  ATGSTF13; Glutathione S-transferase family protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G49860  GSTF14; glutathione S-transferase (class phi) 14 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G59670  GSTU15; glutathione S-transferase TAU 15 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT2G29420  GSTU7; glutathione S-transferase tau 7 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT2G29470  GSTU3; glutathione S-transferase tau 3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G59700  GSTU16; glutathione S-transferase TAU 16 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT2G29450  GSTU5; glutathione S-transferase tau 5 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT2G30870  GSTF10; glutathione S-transferase PHI 10 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT3G09270  GSTU8; glutathione S-transferase TAU 8 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT3G55040  GSTL2; glutathione transferase lambda 2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT5G02780  GSTL1; glutathione transferase lambda 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT5G02790  GSTL3; Glutathione S-transferase family protein [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT5G41210  GSTT1; glutathione S-transferase THETA 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G17170  GSTU24; glutathione S-transferase TAU 24 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G17180  GSTU25; glutathione S-transferase TAU 25 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G17190  GSTU26; glutathione S-transferase tau 26 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G27130  GSTU13; glutathione S-transferase tau 13 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G27140  GSTU14; glutathione S-transferase tau 14 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G53680  GSTU28; glutathione S-transferase TAU 28 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G69920  GSTU12; glutathione S-transferase TAU 12 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G69930  GSTU11; glutathione S-transferase TAU 11 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G74590  GSTU10; glutathione S-transferase TAU 10 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G78320  GSTU23; glutathione S-transferase TAU 23 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G78340  GSTU22; glutathione S-transferase TAU 22 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G78360  GSTU21; glutathione S-transferase TAU 21 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G78370  GSTU20; glutathione S-transferase TAU 20 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G78380  GSTU19; glutathione S-transferase TAU 19 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT5G62480  GSTU9; glutathione S-transferase tau 9 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT5G41240  GSTT2; glutathione S-transferase THETA 2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT5G41220  GSTT3; glutathione S-transferase THETA 3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
AT1G19550  Glutathione S-transferase family protein [KO:K21888] [EC:1.8.5.1 2.5.1.18]
AT1G19570  DHAR1; dehydroascorbate reductase [KO:K21888] [EC:1.8.5.1 2.5.1.18]
AT1G75270  DHAR2; dehydroascorbate reductase 2 [KO:K21888] [EC:1.8.5.1 2.5.1.18]
AT5G16710  DHAR3; dehydroascorbate reductase 1 [KO:K21888] [EC:1.8.5.1 2.5.1.18]
AT3G54660  GR; glutathione reductase [KO:K00383] [EC:1.8.1.7]
AT3G24170  GR1; glutathione-disulfide reductase [KO:K00383] [EC:1.8.1.7]
AT1G65930  cICDH; cytosolic NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase [KO:K00031] [EC:1.1.1.42]
AT1G54340  ICDH; isocitrate dehydrogenase [KO:K00031] [EC:1.1.1.42]
AT5G14590  Isocitrate/isopropylmalate dehydrogenase family protein [KO:K00031] [EC:1.1.1.42]
AT1G64190  6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase family protein [KO:K00033] [EC:1.1.1.44 1.1.1.343]
AT5G41670  6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase family protein [KO:K00033] [EC:1.1.1.44 1.1.1.343]
AT3G02360  6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase family protein [KO:K00033] [EC:1.1.1.44 1.1.1.343]
AT3G27300  G6PD5; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 5 [KO:K00036] [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363]
AT5G13110  G6PD2; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 [KO:K00036] [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363]
AT1G09420  G6PD4; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 4 [KO:K00036] [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363]
AT5G35790  G6PD1; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 [KO:K00036] [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363]
AT1G24280  G6PD3; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 3 [KO:K00036] [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363]
AT5G40760  G6PD6; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 6 [KO:K00036] [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363]
AT3G63080  GPX5; glutathione peroxidase 5 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
AT2G48150  GPX4; glutathione peroxidase 4 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
AT2G31570  GPX2; glutathione peroxidase 2 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
AT1G63460  GPX8; glutathione peroxidase 8 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
AT4G11600  GPX6; glutathione peroxidase 6 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
AT2G25080  GPX1; glutathione peroxidase 1 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
AT4G31870  GPX7; glutathione peroxidase 7 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
AT2G43350  GPX3; glutathione peroxidase 3 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
AT1G48130  PER1; 1-cysteine peroxiredoxin 1 [KO:K11188] [EC:1.11.1.7 1.11.1.27 3.1.1.-]
AT1G23820  SPDS1; spermidine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
AT1G70310  SPDS2; spermidine synthase 2 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
AT5G53120  SPDS3; spermidine synthase 3 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
AT1G07890  APX1; ascorbate peroxidase 1 [KO:K00434] [EC:1.11.1.11]
AT3G09640  APX2; ascorbate peroxidase 2 [KO:K00434] [EC:1.11.1.11]
AT4G35000  APX3; ascorbate peroxidase 3 [KO:K00434] [EC:1.11.1.11]
AT4G35970  APX5; ascorbate peroxidase 5 [KO:K00434] [EC:1.11.1.11]
AT1G77490  TAPX; thylakoidal ascorbate peroxidase [KO:K00434] [EC:1.11.1.11]
AT4G08390  SAPX; stromal ascorbate peroxidase [KO:K00434] [EC:1.11.1.11]
AT4G32320  APX6; ascorbate peroxidase 6 [KO:K00434] [EC:1.11.1.11]
AT2G21790  RNR1; ribonucleotide reductase 1 [KO:K10807] [EC:1.17.4.1]
AT3G27060  TSO2; Ferritin/ribonucleotide reductase-like family protein [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
AT3G23580  RNR2A; ribonucleotide reductase 2A [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
Compound
C00005  NADPH
C00006  NADP+
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00037  Glycine
C00051  Glutathione
C00072  Ascorbate
C00077  L-Ornithine
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00127  Glutathione disulfide
C00134  Putrescine
C00151  L-Amino acid
C00315  Spermidine
C00669  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
C00750  Spermine
C01322  RX
C01419  Cys-Gly
C01672  Cadaverine
C01879  5-Oxoproline
C02090  Trypanothione
C02320  R-S-Glutathione
C03170  Trypanothione disulfide
C03646  Bis-gamma-glutamylcystine
C03740  (5-L-Glutamyl)-L-amino acid
C05422  Dehydroascorbate
C05726  S-Substituted L-cysteine
C05727  S-Substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine
C05729  R-S-Cysteinylglycine
C05730  Glutathionylspermidine
C16562  Glutathionylspermine
C16563  Bis(glutathionyl)spermine
C16564  Bis(glutathionyl)spermine disulfide
C16565  Aminopropylcadaverine
C16566  Glutathionylaminopropylcadaverine
C16567  Homotrypanothione
C16568  Homotrypanothione disulfide
C16663  Tryparedoxin
C16664  Tryparedoxin disulfide
Reference
  Authors
Josch C, Klotz LO, Sies H.
  Title
Identification of cytosolic leucyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1) as the major cysteinylglycine-hydrolysing activity in rat liver.
  Journal
Biol Chem 384:213-8 (2003)
DOI:10.1515/BC.2003.023
Reference
  Authors
Chu L, Lai Y, Xu X, Eddy S, Yang S, Song L, Kolodrubetz D.
  Title
A 52-kDa leucyl aminopeptidase from treponema denticola is a cysteinylglycinase that mediates the second step of glutathione metabolism.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 283:19351-8 (2008)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M801034200
Reference
  Authors
Cappiello M, Lazzarotti A, Buono F, Scaloni A, D'Ambrosio C, Amodeo P, Mendez BL, Pelosi P, Del Corso A, Mura U.
  Title
New role for leucyl aminopeptidase in glutathione turnover.
  Journal
Biochem J 378:35-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1042/BJ20031336
Reference
  Authors
Suzuki H, Kamatani S, Kim ES, Kumagai H.
  Title
Aminopeptidases A, B, and N and dipeptidase D are the four cysteinylglycinases of Escherichia coli K-12.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 183:1489-90 (2001)
DOI:10.1128/JB.183.4.1489-1490.2001
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Shaw MP, Wyllie S, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Trypanothione biosynthesis in Leishmania major.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 139:107-16 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.10.004
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Characterization of recombinant glutathionylspermidine synthetase/amidase from Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
Biochem J 364:679-86 (2002)
DOI:10.1042/BJ20011370
Reference
PMID:9677355
  Authors
Tetaud E, Manai F, Barrett MP, Nadeau K, Walsh CT, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Cloning and characterization of the two enzymes responsible for trypanothione biosynthesis in Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 273:19383-90 (1998)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.31.19383
Reference
  Authors
Ariyanayagam MR, Oza SL, Mehlert A, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Bis(glutathionyl)spermine and other novel trypanothione analogues in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:27612-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M302750200
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Aitcheson N, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Properties of trypanothione synthetase from Trypanosoma brucei.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 131:25-33 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(03)00176-2
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Tetaud E, Ariyanayagam MR, Warnon SS, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
A single enzyme catalyses formation of Trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 277:35853-61 (2002)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M204403200
Reference
  Authors
Comini M, Menge U, Wissing J, Flohe L.
  Title
Trypanothione synthesis in crithidia revisited.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 280:6850-60 (2005)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M404486200
Reference
PMID:7813456
  Authors
Hunter KJ, Le Quesne SA, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Identification and biosynthesis of N1,N9-bis(glutathionyl)aminopropylcadaverine (homotrypanothione) in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 226:1019-27 (1994)
DOI:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.t01-1-01019.x
Reference
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Meiering SK, Schmidt H.
  Title
The parasite-specific trypanothione metabolism of trypanosoma and leishmania.
  Journal
Biol Chem 384:539-49 (2003)
DOI:10.1515/BC.2003.062
Reference
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Comini MA.
  Title
Redox control in trypanosomatids, parasitic protozoa with trypanothione-based thiol metabolism.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1780:1236-48 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.03.006
Reference
PMID:8892297
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Ludemann H.
  Title
Reduction of dehydroascorbate by trypanothione.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 80:203-8 (1996)
DOI:10.1016/0166-6851(96)02689-8
Reference
  Authors
Dormeyer M, Reckenfelderbaumer N, Ludemann H, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
Trypanothione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by Trypanosoma brucei ribonucleotide reductase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 276:10602-6 (2001)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M010352200
Reference
  Authors
Schmidt H, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
Functional and physicochemical characterization of the thioredoxin system in Trypanosoma brucei.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:46329-36 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M305338200
Reference
PMID:9851611
  Authors
Tetaud E, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Cloning, expression and reconstitution of the trypanothione-dependent peroxidase system of Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 96:111-23 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(98)00120-0
Reference
  Authors
Castro H, Sousa C, Santos M, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Flohe L, Tomas AM.
  Title
Complementary antioxidant defense by cytoplasmic and mitochondrial peroxiredoxins in Leishmania infantum.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 33:1552-62 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0891-5849(02)01089-4
Reference
  Authors
Wilkinson SR, Temperton NJ, Mondragon A, Kelly JM.
  Title
Distinct mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes mediate trypanothione-dependent peroxide metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 275:8220-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.275.11.8220
Reference
  Authors
Konig J, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
A comparative study of type I and type II tryparedoxin peroxidases in Leishmania major.
  Journal
FEBS J 274:5643-58 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06087.x
Reference
  Authors
Hillebrand H, Schmidt A, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
A second class of peroxidases linked to the trypanothione metabolism.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:6809-15 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M210392200
Reference
  Authors
Soksawatmaekhin W, Kuraishi A, Sakata K, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K.
  Title
Excretion and uptake of cadaverine by CadB and its physiological functions in Escherichia coli.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 51:1401-12 (2004)
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03913.x
Reference
PMID:6798961
  Authors
Pegg AE, Shuttleworth K, Hibasami H.
  Title
Specificity of mammalian spermidine synthase and spermine synthase.
  Journal
Biochem J 197:315-20 (1981)
DOI:10.1042/bj1970315
Related
pathway
ath00220  Arginine biosynthesis
ath00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
ath00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
ath00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
ath00460  Cyanoamino acid metabolism
KO pathway
ko00480   
LinkDB

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