KEGG PATHWAY: brhi04912

KEGG

PATHWAY: brhi04912

Entry

brhi04912                   Pathway

Name

GnRH signaling pathway - Buceros rhinoceros silvestris (rhinoceros hornbill)

Description

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus acts upon its receptor in the anterior pituitary to regulate the production and release of the gonadotropins, LH and FSH. The GnRHR is coupled to Gq/11 proteins to activate phospholipase C which transmits its signal to diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). DAG activates the intracellular protein kinase C (PKC) pathway and IP3 stimulates release of intracellular calcium. In addition to the classical Gq/11, coupling of Gs is occasionally observed in a cell-specific fashion. Signaling downstream of protein kinase C (PKC) leads to transactivation of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK. Active MAPKs translocate to the nucleus, resulting in activation of transcription factors and rapid induction of early genes.

Class

Organismal Systems; Endocrine system

Pathway map

GnRH signaling pathway

Organism

Buceros rhinoceros silvestris (rhinoceros hornbill) [GN:brhi]

Gene

GNRH1; progonadoliberin-1 [KO:K05252]

GNRHR; gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor [KO:K04280]

GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04632]

ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]

ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]

ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]

cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]

ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]

guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]

GNA11; guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit alpha-11 isoform X1 [KO:K04635]

PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]

PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]

PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]

ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]

LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-A-like [KO:K02183]

CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]

CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]

calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]

CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]

CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]

protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]

PRKCD; protein kinase C delta type isoform X1 [KO:K06068] [EC:2.7.11.13]

voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D [KO:K04851]

CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]

MAP3K1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04416] [EC:2.7.11.25]

MAP3K2; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04420] [EC:2.7.11.25]

MAP3K3; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K04421] [EC:2.7.11.25]

MAP3K4; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 [KO:K04428] [EC:2.7.11.25]

MAP2K3; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 [KO:K04432] [EC:2.7.12.2]

MAP2K6; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 [KO:K04433] [EC:2.7.12.2]

mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

mitogen-activated protein kinase 11-like [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

MAPK13; mitogen-activated protein kinase 13 [KO:K04441] [EC:2.7.11.24]

PLA2G4A; cytosolic phospholipase A2 [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]

cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon-like [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]

PLA2G4B; cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]

cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon-like [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]

cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon-like [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]

PLA2G4F; cytosolic phospholipase A2 zeta [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]

cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon-like [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]

cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon-like [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]

cytosolic phospholipase A2 epsilon-like [KO:K16342] [EC:3.1.1.4]

PLD1; phospholipase D1 isoform X1 [KO:K01115] [EC:3.1.4.4]

SRC; proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src [KO:K05704] [EC:2.7.10.2]

CDC42; cell division control protein 42 homolog isoform X1 [KO:K04393]

MAP2K4; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4 [KO:K04430] [EC:2.7.12.2]

MAPK8; mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

MAPK9; mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

mitogen-activated protein kinase 10 isoform X1 [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]

JUN; transcription factor AP-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04448]

CGA; glycoprotein hormones alpha chain [KO:K08522]

FSHB; follitropin subunit beta [KO:K05250]

PTK2B; protein-tyrosine kinase 2-beta [KO:K05871] [EC:2.7.10.2]

MMP2; 72 kDa type IV collagenase isoform X1 [KO:K01398] [EC:3.4.24.24]

EGFR; epidermal growth factor receptor [KO:K04361] [EC:2.7.10.1]

GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 [KO:K04364]

SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 [KO:K03099]

SOS2; son of sevenless homolog 2 [KO:K03099]

HRAS; GTPase HRas [KO:K02833]

KRAS; GTPase KRas isoform X1 [KO:K07827]

GTPase NRas [KO:K07828]

RAF1; RAF proto-oncogene serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04366] [EC:2.7.11.1]

MAP2K1; dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]

MAP2K2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dual specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [KO:K04369] [EC:2.7.12.2]

MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]

Compound

Calcium cation

Diacylglycerol

Arachidonate

Phosphatidate

3',5'-Cyclic AMP

D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate

Reference

Authors

Ruf F, Sealfon SC.

Title

Genomics view of gonadotrope signaling circuits.

Journal

Trends Endocrinol Metab 15:331-8 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2004.07.008

Reference

Authors

Harrison GS, Wierman ME, Nett TM, Glode LM.

Title

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its receptor in normal and malignant cells.

Journal

Endocr Relat Cancer 11:725-48 (2004)
DOI:10.1677/erc.1.00777

Reference

Authors

Pawson AJ, McNeilly AS.

Title

The pituitary effects of GnRH.

Journal

Anim Reprod Sci 88:75-94 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.05.010

Reference

Authors

DeGroot LJ, Jameson JL (ed).

Title

Endocrinology (Fifth edition)

Journal

Elsevier Saunders (2006)

Reference

Authors

Naor Z, Benard O, Seger R.

Title

Activation of MAPK cascades by G-protein-coupled receptors: the case of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor.

Journal

Trends Endocrinol Metab 11:91-9 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S1043-2760(99)00232-5

Reference

Authors

Ruf F, Fink MY, Sealfon SC.

Title

Structure of the GnRH receptor-stimulated signaling network: insights from genomics.

Journal

Front Neuroendocrinol 24:181-99 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0091-3022(03)00027-X

Reference

Authors

Farshori PQ, Shah BH, Arora KK, Martinez-Fuentes A, Catt KJ.

Title

Activation and nuclear translocation of PKCdelta, Pyk2 and ERK1/2 by gonadotropin releasing hormone in HEK293 cells.

Journal

J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 85:337-47 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0960-0760(03)00226-7

Reference

Authors

Shah BH, Catt KJ.

Title

Matrix metalloproteinases in reproductive endocrinology.

Journal

Trends Endocrinol Metab 15:47-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2004.01.004

Reference

Authors

Roelle S, Grosse R, Aigner A, Krell HW, Czubayko F, Gudermann T.

Title

Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 mediate epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone.

Journal

J Biol Chem 278:47307-18 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M304377200

Reference

Authors

Naor Z

Title

Signaling by G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR): studies on the GnRH receptor.

Journal

Front Neuroendocrinol 30:10-29 (2009)
DOI:10.1016/j.yfrne.2008.07.001

Related
pathway

MAPK signaling pathway

Calcium signaling pathway

Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction

Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction

KO pathway

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