KEGG   PATHWAY: pteh04922
Entry
pteh04922                   Pathway                                
Name
Glucagon signaling pathway - Piliocolobus tephrosceles (Ugandan red Colobus)
Description
Glucagon is conventionally regarded as a counterregulatory hormone for insulin and plays a critical anti-hypoglycemic role by maintaining glucose homeostasis in both animals and humans. To increase blood glucose, glucagon promotes hepatic glucose output by increasing glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and by decreasing glycogenesis and glycolysis in a concerted fashion via multiple mechanisms. Glucagon also stimulates hepatic mitochondrial beta-oxidation to supply energy for glucose production. Glucagon performs its main effect via activation of adenylate cyclase. The adenylate-cyclase-derived cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which then phosphorylates downstream targets, such as cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and the bifunctional enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/ fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (one of the isoforms being PFK/FBPase 1, encoded by PFKFB1).
Class
Organismal Systems; Endocrine system
Pathway map
pteh04922  Glucagon signaling pathway
pteh04922

Organism
Piliocolobus tephrosceles (Ugandan red Colobus) [GN:pteh]
Gene
111554120  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111545216  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111538340  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111555083  PDE3B; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B isoform X1 [KO:K13296] [EC:3.1.4.17]
111546066  GCG; glucagon [KO:K05259]
111542566  GCGR; glucagon receptor [KO:K04583]
111555637  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoform X6 [KO:K04632]
111555638  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
111546755  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
111523821  PRKACA; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
111543418  PRKACG; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
111540404  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
111547676  CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
111542753  ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450]
111548140  cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
111548991  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
111521981  CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
111543707  CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 [KO:K09048]
111544982  CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048]
111536760  CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048]
111524755  CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048]
111551841  CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047]
111553449  PPP4R3B; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 4 regulatory subunit 3B isoform X1 [KO:K17491]
111535955  PPP4R3C; protein PPP4R3C [KO:K17491]
111538222  PPP4R3A; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 4 regulatory subunit 3A isoform X1 [KO:K17491]
111525657  PPP4C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit [KO:K15423] [EC:3.1.3.16]
111543705  CRTC2; CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2 isoform X1 [KO:K16333]
111540118  SIK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK2 isoform X1 [KO:K16311] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111551734  CREBBP; CREB-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
111548964  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
111549861  PPARGC1A; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07202]
111526522  SIK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK1 isoform X1 [KO:K19008] [EC:2.7.11.1]
111543374  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
111546451  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
111522292  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
111524236  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
111546452  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
111546970  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
111540617  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04959]
111543148  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
111545684  PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
111537850  PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
111547968  PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
111550575  PPP3R1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K06268]
111536216  PPP3R2; calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
111552236  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
111552636  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
111537843  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
111547908  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
111540508  FOXO1; forkhead box protein O1 [KO:K07201]
111537942  SIRT1; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K11411] [EC:2.3.1.286]
111548903  PPARA; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07294]
111519960  PRMT1; protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11434] [EC:2.1.1.319]
111524520  G6PC2; glucose-6-phosphatase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
111537261  G6PC; glucose-6-phosphatase isoform X1 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
111525832  G6PC3; glucose-6-phosphatase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
111552909  PCK2; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP], mitochondrial isoform X2 [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
111555669  PCK1; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP] [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
111522235  carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform isoform X1 [KO:K08765] [EC:2.3.1.21]
111549110  CPT1B; carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform [KO:K19523] [EC:2.3.1.21]
111519958  CPT1C; carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, brain isoform isoform X1 [KO:K19524] [EC:2.3.1.21]
111520086  GYS1; glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle isoform X1 [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
111540567  GYS2; glycogen [starch] synthase, liver [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
111524412  PHKB; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K07190]
111535880  PHKA1; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, skeletal muscle isoform isoform X1 [KO:K07190]
111531705  PHKA2; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, liver isoform [KO:K07190]
111525612  PHKG2; phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, liver/testis isoform [KO:K00871] [EC:2.7.11.19]
111528016  PHKG1; phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, skeletal muscle/heart isoform [KO:K00871] [EC:2.7.11.19]
111550424  CALM2; calmodulin-2 [KO:K02183]
111520111  CALM3; calmodulin-3 isoform X2 [KO:K02183]
111552915  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
111552555  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
111553144  calmodulin-alpha-like [KO:K02183]
111533474  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
111554863  CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
111554874  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
111538211  CALM1; calmodulin-1 [KO:K02183]
111554058  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
111548339  CALML4; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
111549204  calmodulin-alpha-like [KO:K02183]
111527468  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
111540495  calmodulin [KO:K02183]
111522361  PYGM; glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
111527257  PYGB; glycogen phosphorylase, brain form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
111549438  PYGL; glycogen phosphorylase, liver form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
111535799  PFKFB1; 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase 1 [KO:K19028] [EC:2.7.1.105 3.1.3.46]
111523274  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
111545491  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
111537590  PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07199]
111527236  PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K07199]
111542041  PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07200]
111551530  PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 isoform X6 [KO:K07200]
111546071  PRKAG3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 [KO:K07200]
111537683  ACACA; acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11262] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15]
111538813  ACACB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 [KO:K01946] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15]
111548717  SLC2A1; solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 [KO:K07299]
111543526  SLC2A2; solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07593]
111552288  GCK; hexokinase-4 isoform X1 [KO:K12407] [EC:2.7.1.2]
111521689  FBP2; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase isozyme 2 [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
111521703  FBP1; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
111527004  PFKP; ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, platelet type [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11]
111555286  PFKM; ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type isoform X1 [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11]
111527319  PFKL; ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, liver type [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11]
111541598  phosphoglycerate mutase 1-like [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
111552306  PGAM2; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
111536396  phosphoglycerate mutase 1-like [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
111536793  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
111525727  phosphoglycerate mutase 1-like [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
111538757  PGAM1; phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
111548475  phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
111548313  PKM; pyruvate kinase PKM isoform X1 [KO:K00873] [EC:2.7.1.40]
111533570  uncharacterized protein LOC111533570 [KO:K00161] [EC:1.2.4.1]
111527142  PDHA2; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, testis-specific form, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00161] [EC:1.2.4.1]
111531707  pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial [KO:K00161] [EC:1.2.4.1]
111534045  PDHB; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K00162] [EC:1.2.4.1]
111534913  LDHA; L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
111555090  LDHAL6A; L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6A [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
111553705  LDHAL6B; L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6B [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
111524323  L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain-like [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
111555091  LDHC; L-lactate dehydrogenase C chain isoform X1 [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
111525097  L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
111540640  LDHB; L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain isoform X1 [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
Compound
C00022  Pyruvate
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00026  2-Oxoglutarate
C00031  D-Glucose
C00036  Oxaloacetate
C00040  Acyl-CoA
C00042  Succinate
C00074  Phosphoenolpyruvate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00083  Malonyl-CoA
C00085  D-Fructose 6-phosphate
C00103  D-Glucose 1-phosphate
C00122  Fumarate
C00149  (S)-Malate
C00158  Citrate
C00182  Glycogen
C00186  (S)-Lactate
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00311  Isocitrate
C00354  D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00665  beta-D-Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
C00668  alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C01172  beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:12626323
  Authors
Jiang G, Zhang BB
  Title
Glucagon and regulation of glucose metabolism.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 284:E671-8 (2003)
DOI:10.1152/ajpendo.00492.2002
Reference
PMID:24692138
  Authors
Rui L
  Title
Energy metabolism in the liver.
  Journal
Compr Physiol 4:177-97 (2014)
DOI:10.1002/cphy.c130024
Reference
PMID:22004992
  Authors
Jitrapakdee S
  Title
Transcription factors and coactivators controlling nutrient and hormonal regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 44:33-45 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2011.10.001
Reference
PMID:16601267
  Authors
Desvergne B, Michalik L, Wahli W.
  Title
Transcriptional regulation of metabolism.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 86:465-514 (2006)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00025.2005
Reference
PMID:22550228
  Authors
Hardie DG
  Title
Organismal carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis.
  Journal
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 4:a006031 (2012)
DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a006031
Reference
PMID:22796337
  Authors
Hasenour CM, Berglund ED, Wasserman DH
  Title
Emerging role of AMP-activated protein kinase in endocrine control of metabolism in the liver.
  Journal
Mol Cell Endocrinol 366:152-62 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.018
Reference
PMID:18669612
  Authors
Quesada I, Tuduri E, Ripoll C, Nadal A
  Title
Physiology of the pancreatic alpha-cell and glucagon secretion: role in glucose homeostasis and diabetes.
  Journal
J Endocrinol 199:5-19 (2008)
DOI:10.1677/JOE-08-0290
Reference
PMID:24238363
  Authors
Oh KJ, Han HS, Kim MJ, Koo SH
  Title
CREB and FoxO1: two transcription factors for the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis.
  Journal
BMB Rep 46:567-74 (2013)
DOI:10.5483/BMBRep.2013.46.12.248
Reference
PMID:16479585
  Authors
Cheng A, Saltiel AR
  Title
More TORC for the gluconeogenic engine.
  Journal
Bioessays 28:231-4 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/bies.20375
Reference
PMID:21346730
  Authors
Altarejos JY, Montminy M
  Title
CREB and the CRTC co-activators: sensors for hormonal and metabolic signals.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12:141-51 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/nrm3072
Reference
PMID:24393785
  Authors
Pernicova I, Korbonits M
  Title
Metformin--mode of action and clinical implications for diabetes and cancer.
  Journal
Nat Rev Endocrinol 10:143-56 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/nrendo.2013.256
Reference
PMID:20735177
  Authors
Hirota K, Fukamizu A
  Title
Transcriptional regulation of energy metabolism in the liver.
  Journal
J Recept Signal Transduct Res 30:403-9 (2010)
DOI:10.3109/10799893.2010.509730
Reference
PMID:21941300
  Authors
Chalkiadaki A, Guarente L
  Title
Metabolic signals regulate SIRT1 expression.
  Journal
EMBO Rep 12:985-6 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/embor.2011.179
Reference
PMID:22249520
  Authors
Chalkiadaki A, Guarente L
  Title
Sirtuins mediate mammalian metabolic responses to nutrient availability.
  Journal
Nat Rev Endocrinol 8:287-96 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nrendo.2011.225
Reference
PMID:19912989
  Authors
Tang BL, Chua CE
  Title
Is systemic activation of Sirt1 beneficial for ageing-associated metabolic disorders?
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 391:6-10 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.016
Reference
PMID:22503562
  Authors
Ozcan L, Wong CC, Li G, Xu T, Pajvani U, Park SK, Wronska A, Chen BX, Marks AR, Fukamizu A, Backs J, Singer HA, Yates JR 3rd, Accili D, Tabas I
  Title
Calcium signaling through CaMKII regulates hepatic glucose production in fasting and obesity.
  Journal
Cell Metab 15:739-51 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.03.002
Reference
PMID:22495310
  Authors
Wang Y, Li G, Goode J, Paz JC, Ouyang K, Screaton R, Fischer WH, Chen J, Tabas I, Montminy M
  Title
Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis in fasting and diabetes.
  Journal
Nature 485:128-32 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nature10988
Related
pathway
pteh00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
pteh00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
pteh00061  Fatty acid biosynthesis
pteh00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
pteh04020  Calcium signaling pathway
pteh04024  cAMP signaling pathway
pteh04068  FoxO signaling pathway
pteh04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04922   
LinkDB

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