KEGG   PATHWAY: shon04974
Entry
shon04974                   Pathway                                
Name
Protein digestion and absorption - Sturnira hondurensis
Description
Protein is a dietary component essential for nutritional homeostasis in humans. Normally, ingested protein undergoes a complex series of degradative processes following the action of gastric, pancreatic and small intestinal enzymes. The result of this proteolytic activity is a mixture of amino acids and small peptides. Amino acids (AAs) are transported into the enterocyte (intestinal epithelial cell) by a variety of AA transporters that are specific for cationic (basic) AA, neutral AA, and anionic (acidic) AA. Small peptides are absorbed into enterocytes by the PEPT1 transporter. Inside enterocytes peptides are hydrolyzed, and the resulting amino acids are released together with those absorbed by AA transporters into blood via multiple, basolateral, AA transporters. Hydrolysis-resistant peptides, however, are transported out of the cells by a basolateral peptide transporter that has not been identified molecularly.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
shon04974  Protein digestion and absorption
shon04974

Other DBs
GO: 0044256 0050892
Organism
Sturnira hondurensis [GN:shon]
Gene
118996901  pepsin A-2/A-3-like [KO:K06002] [EC:3.4.23.1]
118996937  pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-like [KO:K06002] [EC:3.4.23.1]
118989218  trypsin-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
119002878  anionic trypsin-like [KO:K01312] [EC:3.4.21.4]
118999277  chymotrypsinogen 2 [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
118999278  chymotrypsinogen B [KO:K01310] [EC:3.4.21.1]
118983781  CTRL; chymotrypsin-like protease CTRL-1 [KO:K09632] [EC:3.4.21.-]
118986320  chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 2A [KO:K01346] [EC:3.4.21.71]
118977793  CELA3B; chymotrypsin-like elastase family member 3B [KO:K01345] [EC:3.4.21.70]
118989237  CPA1; carboxypeptidase A1 [KO:K08779] [EC:3.4.17.1]
118989151  CPA2; carboxypeptidase A2 [KO:K01298] [EC:3.4.17.15]
118997939  CPA3; mast cell carboxypeptidase A [KO:K08780] [EC:3.4.17.1]
118997900  CPB1; carboxypeptidase B [KO:K01291] [EC:3.4.17.2]
118994837  CPB2; carboxypeptidase B2 [KO:K01300] [EC:3.4.17.20]
118998644  SLC9A3; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K12040]
119000715  SLC15A1; solute carrier family 15 member 1 [KO:K14206]
118996417  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
118996431  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
118982030  ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
119000480  ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
118974621  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
118990746  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
118998368  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 [KO:K01540]
118979057  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
118994776  FXYD2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K01538]
118991037  KCNK5; potassium channel subfamily K member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K04916]
118988326  KCNQ1; potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1 [KO:K04926]
118999141  KCNJ13; inward rectifier potassium channel 13 [KO:K05006]
118997437  SLC38A2; sodium-coupled neutral amino acid transporter 2 [KO:K14207]
118987483  MME; neprilysin [KO:K01389] [EC:3.4.24.11]
118993585  MEP1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: meprin A subunit alpha [KO:K01395] [EC:3.4.24.18]
118980342  MEP1B; meprin A subunit beta [KO:K08606] [EC:3.4.24.63]
118987251  ACE2; angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 [KO:K09708] [EC:3.4.17.23]
118984720  lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase [KO:K01285] [EC:3.4.16.2]
118985779  DPP4; dipeptidyl peptidase 4 [KO:K01278] [EC:3.4.14.5]
118996091  XPNPEP2; xaa-Pro aminopeptidase 2 [KO:K14208] [EC:3.4.11.9]
118997863  SLC1A1; excitatory amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K05612]
118996024  SLC1A5; neutral amino acid transporter B(0) isoform X1 [KO:K05616]
118996224  SLC8A2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
118976841  SLC8A3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
119001212  SLC8A1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
118998654  SLC6A19; sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1 [KO:K05334]
118991636  SLC3A2; 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain isoform X1 [KO:K06519]
118980982  SLC7A8; large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 2 isoform X1 [KO:K13781]
118976274  SLC36A4; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 4 isoform X1 [KO:K14209]
118986132  proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K14209]
118986133  proton-coupled amino acid transporter 2-like [KO:K14209]
118986193  SLC36A3; proton-coupled amino acid transporter 3 [KO:K14209]
119000181  SLC16A10; monocarboxylate transporter 10 isoform X1 [KO:K08187]
119001232  SLC3A1; neutral and basic amino acid transport protein rBAT [KO:K14210]
118976350  SLC7A9; B(0,+)-type amino acid transporter 1 [KO:K13868]
118980960  SLC7A7; Y+L amino acid transporter 1 isoform X1 [KO:K13867]
118992787  ELN; elastin isoform X1 [KO:K14211]
118978105  COL1A1; collagen alpha-1(I) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06236]
118987350  COL1A2; collagen alpha-2(I) chain [KO:K06236]
118997452  COL2A1; collagen alpha-1(II) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19719]
118985320  COL3A1; collagen alpha-1(III) chain [KO:K19720]
118981561  COL4A2; collagen alpha-2(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
118981562  COL4A1; collagen alpha-1(IV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06237]
118975371  COL4A4; collagen alpha-4(IV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06237]
118975373  COL4A3; collagen alpha-3(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
118984177  COL4A5; collagen alpha-5(IV) chain [KO:K06237]
118980093  COL5A1; collagen alpha-1(V) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
118997347  COL24A1; collagen alpha-1(XXIV) chain [KO:K19721]
118990623  COL11A1; collagen alpha-1(XI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
118991474  COL11A2; collagen alpha-2(XI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
118985319  COL5A2; collagen alpha-2(V) chain [KO:K19721]
118995954  COL27A1; collagen alpha-1(XXVII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K19721]
118997583  COL6A6; collagen alpha-6(VI) chain [KO:K06238]
118997584  COL6A5; collagen alpha-5(VI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06238]
118997585  collagen alpha-4(VI) chain-like [KO:K06238]
119000241  COL6A2; collagen alpha-2(VI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06238]
119000242  COL6A1; collagen alpha-1(VI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06238]
119003042  COL6A3; collagen alpha-3(VI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06238]
118989511  COL7A1; collagen alpha-1(VII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K16628]
118997670  COL8A2; collagen alpha-2(VIII) chain [KO:K23455]
118995827  COL8A1; collagen alpha-1(VIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K23455]
118996575  COL9A3; collagen alpha-3(IX) chain [KO:K08131]
118977652  COL9A2; collagen alpha-2(IX) chain [KO:K08131]
118978716  COL9A1; collagen alpha-1(IX) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08131]
119000195  COL10A1; collagen alpha-1(X) chain [KO:K19479]
118978701  COL12A1; collagen alpha-1(XII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08132]
118975363  COL13A1; collagen alpha-1(XIII) chain [KO:K16617]
118988632  COL14A1; collagen alpha-1(XIV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08133]
118979696  COL15A1; collagen alpha-1(XV) chain isoform X1 [KO:K08135]
118997741  COL16A1; collagen alpha-1(XVI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K24339]
118999442  COL17A1; collagen alpha-1(XVII) chain [KO:K07603]
119000247  COL18A1; collagen alpha-1(XVIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K06823]
118978715  COL19A1; collagen alpha-1(XIX) chain [KO:K24340]
118996453  COL20A1; collagen alpha-1(XX) chain [KO:K24357]
118993832  COL21A1; collagen alpha-1(XXI) chain isoform X1 [KO:K16629]
118988702  COL22A1; collagen alpha-1(XXII) chain [KO:K16630]
118997278  COL23A1; collagen alpha-1(XXIII) chain isoform X1 [KO:K24355]
118977143  COL25A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: collagen alpha-1(XXV) chain [KO:K24356]
118992839  COL26A1; collagen alpha-1(XXVI) chain [KO:K24358]
118987325  COL28A1; collagen alpha-1(XXVIII) chain [KO:K23619]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00033  Acetate
C00037  Glycine
C00041  L-Alanine
C00047  L-Lysine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00062  L-Arginine
C00064  L-Glutamine
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00076  Calcium cation
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00079  L-Phenylalanine
C00080  H+
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00099  beta-Alanine
C00123  L-Leucine
C00134  Putrescine
C00135  L-Histidine
C00146  Phenol
C00148  L-Proline
C00152  L-Asparagine
C00163  Propanoate
C00183  L-Valine
C00188  L-Threonine
C00238  Potassium cation
C00246  Butanoic acid
C00282  Hydrogen
C00388  Histamine
C00407  L-Isoleucine
C00463  Indole
C00483  Tyramine
C00491  L-Cystine
C01327  Hydrochloric acid
C01330  Sodium cation
C01438  Methane
C01468  4-Cresol
C01672  Cadaverine
C01746  Piperidine
C02632  2-Methylpropanoate
C05996  Branched chain fatty acid
C08262  3-Methylbutanoic acid
C16138  L-Pyrrolysine
C18319  2-Methylbutyrate
Reference
PMID:18195088
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Amino acid transport across mammalian intestinal and renal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:249-86 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00018.2006
Reference
PMID:15772300
  Authors
Palacin M, Nunes V, Font-Llitjos M, Jimenez-Vidal M, Fort J, Gasol E, Pineda M, Feliubadalo L, Chillaron J, Zorzano A
  Title
The genetics of heteromeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 20:112-24 (2005)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00051.2004
Reference
PMID:20522896
  Authors
Goodman BE
  Title
Insights into digestion and absorption of major nutrients in humans.
  Journal
Adv Physiol Educ 34:44-53 (2010)
DOI:10.1152/advan.00094.2009
Reference
PMID:11546643
  Authors
Wagner CA, Lang F, Broer S
  Title
Function and structure of heterodimeric amino acid transporters.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 281:C1077-93 (2001)
DOI:10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.4.C1077
Reference
PMID:18400692
  Authors
Broer S
  Title
Apical transporters for neutral amino acids: physiology and pathophysiology.
  Journal
Physiology (Bethesda) 23:95-103 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physiol.00045.2007
Reference
PMID:9687539
  Authors
Wu G
  Title
Intestinal mucosal amino acid catabolism.
  Journal
J Nutr 128:1249-52 (1998)
DOI:10.1093/jn/128.8.1249
Reference
PMID:14977407
  Authors
Daniel H
  Title
Molecular and integrative physiology of intestinal peptide transport.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 66:361-84 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.66.032102.144149
Reference
PMID:12237156
  Authors
Rubio-Aliaga I, Daniel H
  Title
Mammalian peptide transporters as targets for drug delivery.
  Journal
Trends Pharmacol Sci 23:434-40 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0165-6147(02)02072-2
Reference
PMID:7937532
  Authors
Bai JP
  Title
Distribution of brush-border membrane peptidases along the rat intestine.
  Journal
Pharm Res 11:897-900 (1994)
DOI:10.1023/a:1018946228432
Reference
PMID:12583961
  Authors
Guarner F, Malagelada JR
  Title
Gut flora in health and disease.
  Journal
Lancet 361:512-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12489-0
Reference
PMID:16887608
  Authors
Smith EA, Macfarlane GT
  Title
Dissimilatory amino Acid metabolism in human colonic bacteria.
  Journal
Anaerobe 3:327-37 (1997)
DOI:10.1006/anae.1997.0121
Reference
PMID:20093818
  Authors
Schepers E, Glorieux G, Vanholder R
  Title
The gut: the forgotten organ in uremia?
  Journal
Blood Purif 29:130-6 (2010)
DOI:10.1159/000245639
Reference
  Authors
John H.Cummings
  Title
The large intestine in nutrition and disease
  Journal
Institut Danone
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Related
pathway
shon00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
shon04530  Tight junction
shon04971  Gastric acid secretion
shon04972  Pancreatic secretion
KO pathway
ko04974   
LinkDB

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