Entry Name Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis
Description Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria consisting of three domains: a hydrophobic anchor called lipid A, a non-repeating core oligosaccharide (OS) and a repetitive glycan polymer called O-antigen or O-polysaccharide (O-PS). The enzymes for the biosynthesis of lipid A are well conserved among Gram-negative bacterial species [MD:
M00060 M00866 ]. The core OS connecting lipid A with O-antigen is divided into inner and outer parts. Five core types, K-12 and R1-R4, are identified in Escherichia coli, with the common inner part composed of Kdo (ketodeoxyoctulosonic acid) and Hep (heptose) residues and the outer part made of various sugar residues. O-antigen is the most variable part used for serotyping of pathogenic Escherichia coli, where about 170 types are known. All three domains are involved in toxicity, pathogenicity, antimicrobial resistance and other activities.
Class Metabolism; Glycan biosynthesis and metabolismBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map ko00540 Lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis
Module M00060 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:ko00540 ]
M00866 KDO2-lipid A biosynthesis, Raetz pathway, non-LpxL-LpxM type [PATH:ko00540 ]
Other DBs Orthology K00713 waaD; UDP-glucose:(glucosyl)LPS alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.-]
K02517 lpxL, htrB; Kdo2-lipid IVA lauroyltransferase/acyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.241 2.3.1.-]
K02535 lpxC; UDP-3-O-[3-hydroxymyristoyl] N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase [EC:3.5.1.108 ]
K02536 lpxD; UDP-3-O-[3-hydroxymyristoyl] glucosamine N-acyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.191 ]
K02560 lpxM, msbB; lauroyl-Kdo2-lipid IVA myristoyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.243 ]
K02840 waaB, rfaB; UDP-D-galactose:(glucosyl)LPS alpha-1,6-D-galactosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.-]
K02843 waaF, rfaF; lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase II [EC:2.4.99.24 ]
K02844 waaG, rfaG; UDP-glucose:(heptosyl)LPS alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.-]
K02848 waaP, rfaP; lipopolysaccharide core heptose(I) kinase [EC:2.7.1.235 ]
K02849 waaQ, rfaQ; lipopolysaccharide heptosyltransferase III [EC:2.4.99.25 ]
K02850 waaY, rfaY; heptose II phosphotransferase [EC:2.7.1.-]
K03275 waaO, rfaI; UDP-glucose:(glucosyl)LPS alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.-]
K03276 waaR, waaT, rfaJ; UDP-glucose/galactose:(glucosyl)LPS alpha-1,2-glucosyl/galactosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.-]
K03277 waaU, rfaK; heptosyltransferase IV [EC:2.4.-.-]
K03278 waaI, rfaI; UDP-D-galactose:(glucosyl)LPS alpha-1,3-D-galactosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.44 ]
K03279 waaJ, rfaJ; UDP-glucose:(galactosyl)LPS alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.58 ]
K03280 waaK, rfaK; UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:(glucosyl)LPS alpha-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.56 ]
K03760 eptA, pmrC; lipid A ethanolaminephosphotransferase [EC:2.7.8.43 ]
K07264 arnT, pmrK; 4-amino-4-deoxy-L-arabinose transferase [EC:2.4.2.43 ]
K09778 lpxJ; Kdo2-lipid IVA 3' secondary acyltransferase [EC:2.3.1.-]
K09953 lpxR; lipid A 3-O-deacylase [EC:3.1.1.-]
K12976 pagL; lipid A 3-O-deacylase [EC:3.1.1.-]
K12977 lpxE; lipid A 1-phosphatase [EC:3.1.3.-]
K12979 lpxO; beta-hydroxylase [EC:1.14.11.-]
K12981 waaZ, rfaZ; KDO transferase III [EC:2.4.99.-]
K12983 waaV; UDP-glucose:(glucosyl)LPS beta-1,3-glucosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.-]
K12985 waaW; (galactosyl)LPS 1,2-glucosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.-]
K12986 waaS, rfaS; 1,5-rhamnosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.-]
K16363 lpxC-fabZ; UDP-3-O-[3-hydroxymyristoyl] N-acetylglucosamine deacetylase / 3-hydroxyacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] dehydratase [EC:3.5.1.108 4.2.1.59 ]
K19353 eptC; heptose-I-phosphate ethanolaminephosphotransferase [EC:2.7.8.-]
K19354 waaH; heptose III glucuronosyltransferase [EC:2.4.1.-]
K23067 waaX; beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase
K23082 kdoH1; 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid-hydrolase
K23083 kdoH2; 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid-hydrolase
K23159 lpxF; lipid A 4'-phosphatase
K23160 wabB, rfbU; GlcNAc transferase
K24623 waaH; UDP-glucose:(glucosyl)LPS alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase
Compound C00043 UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine
C01187 3-Deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate
C04088 Octadecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]
C04121 CMP-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate
C04652 UDP-2,3-bis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)glucosamine
C04738 UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-N-acetylglucosamine
C04919 2,3,2'3'-Tetrakis(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosaminyl-1,6-beta-D-glucosamine 1,4'-bisphosphate
C05223 Dodecanoyl-[acyl-carrier protein]
C06022 UDP-3-O-(3-hydroxytetradecanoyl)-D-glucosamine
C06024 3-Deoxy-D-manno-octulosonyl-lipid IV(A)
C06251 Lauroyl-KDO2-lipid IV(A)
C06398 ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose
C16157 Undecaprenyl phosphate alpha-L-Ara4N
C19877 4-O-Phospho-alpha-Kdo-(2->6)-lipid IVA
C19890 alpha-Kdo-(2->4)-alpha-Kdo-(2->6)-[4-P-L-Ara4N]-lipid A
C20933 (9Z)-Hexadec-9-enoyl-KDO2-lipid IV(A)
C21157 KDO2-lipid A 1-diphosphate
C21461 KDO2-lipid A 1-(2-aminoethyl diphosphate)
C21463 KDO2-lipid A 1,4'-bis(2-aminoethyl diphosphate)
C21991 Palmitoleoyl-myristoyl-KDO2-lipid A
C21992 3'-O-Deacylated KDO2-lipid A
C21994 1-Dephospho-KDO2-lipid A
C21997 4'-Dephosphorylated 1-PEtN-KDO-lipid A
C21999 Stearoyl-KDO2-lipid IVA
C22003 (S)-2-Hydroxymyristate-modified lipid A
C22068 H. pylori KDO2-lipid IVA
Reference Authors Heinrichs DE, Yethon JA, Whitfield C.
Title Molecular basis for structural diversity in the core regions of the lipopolysaccharides of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica.
Journal Reference Authors Kneidinger B, Marolda C, Graninger M, Zamyatina A, McArthur F, Kosma P, Valvano MA, Messner P.
Title Biosynthesis pathway of ADP-L-glycero-beta-D-manno-heptose in Escherichia coli.
Journal Reference Authors Wyckoff TJ, Raetz CR, Jackman JE.
Title Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents that target endotoxin.
Journal Reference Authors Shibayama K, Ohsuka S, Tanaka T, Arakawa Y, Ohta M.
Title Conserved structural regions involved in the catalytic mechanism of Escherichia coli K-12 WaaO (RfaI).
Journal Reference Authors Raetz CR, Whitfield C
Title Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins.
Journal Reference Authors Rubin EJ, O'Brien JP, Ivanov PL, Brodbelt JS, Trent MS
Title Identification of a broad family of lipid A late acyltransferases with non-canonical substrate specificity.
Journal Reference Authors Stead CM, Zhao J, Raetz CR, Trent MS
Title Removal of the outer Kdo from Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide and its impact on the bacterial surface.
Journal Reference Authors Ebbensgaard A, Mordhorst H, Aarestrup FM, Hansen EB
Title The Role of Outer Membrane Proteins and Lipopolysaccharides for the Sensitivity of Escherichia coli to Antimicrobial Peptides.
Journal Reference Authors Botos I, Noinaj N, Buchanan SK
Title Insertion of proteins and lipopolysaccharide into the bacterial outer membrane.
Journal Related ko00520 Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism
ko00541 Biosynthesis of various nucleotide sugars
