KEGG   PATHWAY: gvr00480
Entry
gvr00480                    Pathway                                
Name
Glutathione metabolism - Galeopterus variegatus (Sunda flying lemur)
Class
Metabolism; Metabolism of other amino acids
Pathway map
gvr00480  Glutathione metabolism
gvr00480

Module
gvr_M00118  Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:gvr00480]
Other DBs
GO: 0006749
Organism
Galeopterus variegatus (Sunda flying lemur) [GN:gvr]
Gene
103589299  GGT7; gamma-glutamyltransferase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K00681] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13]
103587208  GGT6; gamma-glutamyltransferase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K00681] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13]
103587161  GGT5; gamma-glutamyltransferase 5 isoform X1 [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
103587163  GGT1; gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
103597342  GGCT; gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase isoform X1 [KO:K00682] [EC:4.3.2.9]
103588544  CHAC1; cation transport regulator-like protein 1 [KO:K07232] [EC:4.3.2.7]
103598584  CHAC2; cation transport regulator-like protein 2 [KO:K07232] [EC:4.3.2.7]
103589662  OPLAH; 5-oxoprolinase [KO:K01469] [EC:3.5.2.9]
103608308  GCLC; glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit [KO:K11204] [EC:6.3.2.2]
103600958  GCLM; glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit [KO:K11205]
103589300  glutathione synthetase-like isoform X1 [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
103589990  glutathione synthetase isoform X1 [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
103603649  LAP3; cytosol aminopeptidase [KO:K11142] [EC:3.4.11.1 3.4.11.5]
103581505  ANPEP; aminopeptidase N [KO:K11140] [EC:3.4.11.2]
103609025  glutathione S-transferase A2 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103609252  GSTA4; glutathione S-transferase A4 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103595313  MGST3; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103601973  MGST1; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103583638  uncharacterized protein LOC103583638 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103605422  GSTO1; glutathione S-transferase omega-1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103605424  glutathione S-transferase omega-2-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103585612  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103585621  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103585630  GSTM3; glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103587154  glutathione S-transferase theta-2B-like isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103587155  glutathione S-transferase theta-4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103587156  glutathione S-transferase theta-1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103587157  glutathione S-transferase theta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103587634  MGST2; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103593805  GSTO2; glutathione S-transferase omega-2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103597997  GSTP1; glutathione S-transferase P [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103600456  GSTK1; glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 isoform X1 [KO:K13299] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103594616  HPGDS; hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
103596712  LANCL1; lanC-like protein 1 [KO:K25210] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103589248  probable N-acetyltransferase 8 [KO:K20838] [EC:2.3.1.80 2.3.1.-]
103609728  GSR; glutathione reductase, mitochondrial [KO:K00383] [EC:1.8.1.7]
103582033  IDH2; isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP], mitochondrial [KO:K00031] [EC:1.1.1.42]
103604038  IDH1; isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic [KO:K00031] [EC:1.1.1.42]
103587368  PGD; 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating [KO:K00033] [EC:1.1.1.44 1.1.1.343]
103604369  G6PD; glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase [KO:K00036] [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363]
103593902  TXNDC12; thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 isoform X1 [KO:K05360] [EC:1.8.4.2]
103603492  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K05361] [EC:1.11.1.12]
103601261  GPX2; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutathione peroxidase 2 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
103595284  GPX7; glutathione peroxidase 7 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
103610387  GPX8; probable glutathione peroxidase 8 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
103583108  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutathione peroxidase 1-like [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
103584312  glutathione peroxidase 3 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
103584947  GPX1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutathione peroxidase 1 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
103597834  GPX5; epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
103606472  GPX6; glutathione peroxidase 6 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
103599945  GPX3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glutathione peroxidase 3 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
103589093  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: peroxiredoxin-6-like [KO:K11188] [EC:1.11.1.7 1.11.1.27 3.1.1.-]
103595785  PRDX6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: peroxiredoxin-6 [KO:K11188] [EC:1.11.1.7 1.11.1.27 3.1.1.-]
103600090  ODC1; ornithine decarboxylase [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
103601065  SRM; spermidine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
103599997  spermidine synthase-like [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
103587015  SMS; spermine synthase [KO:K00802] [EC:2.5.1.22]
103607698  RRM1; ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit [KO:K10807] [EC:1.17.4.1]
103599565  ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
103593727  RRM2B; ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
Compound
C00005  NADPH
C00006  NADP+
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00037  Glycine
C00051  Glutathione
C00072  Ascorbate
C00077  L-Ornithine
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00127  Glutathione disulfide
C00134  Putrescine
C00151  L-Amino acid
C00315  Spermidine
C00669  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
C00750  Spermine
C01322  RX
C01419  Cys-Gly
C01672  Cadaverine
C01879  5-Oxoproline
C02090  Trypanothione
C02320  R-S-Glutathione
C03170  Trypanothione disulfide
C03646  Bis-gamma-glutamylcystine
C03740  (5-L-Glutamyl)-L-amino acid
C05422  Dehydroascorbate
C05726  S-Substituted L-cysteine
C05727  S-Substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine
C05729  R-S-Cysteinylglycine
C05730  Glutathionylspermidine
C16562  Glutathionylspermine
C16563  Bis(glutathionyl)spermine
C16564  Bis(glutathionyl)spermine disulfide
C16565  Aminopropylcadaverine
C16566  Glutathionylaminopropylcadaverine
C16567  Homotrypanothione
C16568  Homotrypanothione disulfide
C16663  Tryparedoxin
C16664  Tryparedoxin disulfide
Reference
  Authors
Josch C, Klotz LO, Sies H.
  Title
Identification of cytosolic leucyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1) as the major cysteinylglycine-hydrolysing activity in rat liver.
  Journal
Biol Chem 384:213-8 (2003)
DOI:10.1515/BC.2003.023
Reference
  Authors
Chu L, Lai Y, Xu X, Eddy S, Yang S, Song L, Kolodrubetz D.
  Title
A 52-kDa leucyl aminopeptidase from treponema denticola is a cysteinylglycinase that mediates the second step of glutathione metabolism.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 283:19351-8 (2008)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M801034200
Reference
  Authors
Cappiello M, Lazzarotti A, Buono F, Scaloni A, D'Ambrosio C, Amodeo P, Mendez BL, Pelosi P, Del Corso A, Mura U.
  Title
New role for leucyl aminopeptidase in glutathione turnover.
  Journal
Biochem J 378:35-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1042/BJ20031336
Reference
  Authors
Suzuki H, Kamatani S, Kim ES, Kumagai H.
  Title
Aminopeptidases A, B, and N and dipeptidase D are the four cysteinylglycinases of Escherichia coli K-12.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 183:1489-90 (2001)
DOI:10.1128/JB.183.4.1489-1490.2001
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Shaw MP, Wyllie S, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Trypanothione biosynthesis in Leishmania major.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 139:107-16 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.10.004
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Characterization of recombinant glutathionylspermidine synthetase/amidase from Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
Biochem J 364:679-86 (2002)
DOI:10.1042/BJ20011370
Reference
PMID:9677355
  Authors
Tetaud E, Manai F, Barrett MP, Nadeau K, Walsh CT, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Cloning and characterization of the two enzymes responsible for trypanothione biosynthesis in Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 273:19383-90 (1998)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.31.19383
Reference
  Authors
Ariyanayagam MR, Oza SL, Mehlert A, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Bis(glutathionyl)spermine and other novel trypanothione analogues in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:27612-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M302750200
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Aitcheson N, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Properties of trypanothione synthetase from Trypanosoma brucei.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 131:25-33 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(03)00176-2
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Tetaud E, Ariyanayagam MR, Warnon SS, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
A single enzyme catalyses formation of Trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 277:35853-61 (2002)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M204403200
Reference
  Authors
Comini M, Menge U, Wissing J, Flohe L.
  Title
Trypanothione synthesis in crithidia revisited.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 280:6850-60 (2005)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M404486200
Reference
PMID:7813456
  Authors
Hunter KJ, Le Quesne SA, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Identification and biosynthesis of N1,N9-bis(glutathionyl)aminopropylcadaverine (homotrypanothione) in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 226:1019-27 (1994)
DOI:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.t01-1-01019.x
Reference
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Meiering SK, Schmidt H.
  Title
The parasite-specific trypanothione metabolism of trypanosoma and leishmania.
  Journal
Biol Chem 384:539-49 (2003)
DOI:10.1515/BC.2003.062
Reference
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Comini MA.
  Title
Redox control in trypanosomatids, parasitic protozoa with trypanothione-based thiol metabolism.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1780:1236-48 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.03.006
Reference
PMID:8892297
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Ludemann H.
  Title
Reduction of dehydroascorbate by trypanothione.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 80:203-8 (1996)
DOI:10.1016/0166-6851(96)02689-8
Reference
  Authors
Dormeyer M, Reckenfelderbaumer N, Ludemann H, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
Trypanothione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by Trypanosoma brucei ribonucleotide reductase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 276:10602-6 (2001)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M010352200
Reference
  Authors
Schmidt H, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
Functional and physicochemical characterization of the thioredoxin system in Trypanosoma brucei.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:46329-36 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M305338200
Reference
PMID:9851611
  Authors
Tetaud E, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Cloning, expression and reconstitution of the trypanothione-dependent peroxidase system of Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 96:111-23 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(98)00120-0
Reference
  Authors
Castro H, Sousa C, Santos M, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Flohe L, Tomas AM.
  Title
Complementary antioxidant defense by cytoplasmic and mitochondrial peroxiredoxins in Leishmania infantum.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 33:1552-62 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0891-5849(02)01089-4
Reference
  Authors
Wilkinson SR, Temperton NJ, Mondragon A, Kelly JM.
  Title
Distinct mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes mediate trypanothione-dependent peroxide metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 275:8220-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.275.11.8220
Reference
  Authors
Konig J, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
A comparative study of type I and type II tryparedoxin peroxidases in Leishmania major.
  Journal
FEBS J 274:5643-58 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06087.x
Reference
  Authors
Hillebrand H, Schmidt A, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
A second class of peroxidases linked to the trypanothione metabolism.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:6809-15 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M210392200
Reference
  Authors
Soksawatmaekhin W, Kuraishi A, Sakata K, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K.
  Title
Excretion and uptake of cadaverine by CadB and its physiological functions in Escherichia coli.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 51:1401-12 (2004)
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03913.x
Reference
PMID:6798961
  Authors
Pegg AE, Shuttleworth K, Hibasami H.
  Title
Specificity of mammalian spermidine synthase and spermine synthase.
  Journal
Biochem J 197:315-20 (1981)
DOI:10.1042/bj1970315
Related
pathway
gvr00220  Arginine biosynthesis
gvr00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
gvr00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
gvr00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
KO pathway
ko00480   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system