KEGG   PATHWAY: gvr00983
Entry
gvr00983                    Pathway                                
Name
Drug metabolism - other enzymes - Galeopterus variegatus (Sunda flying lemur)
Class
Metabolism; Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism
Pathway map
gvr00983  Drug metabolism - other enzymes
gvr00983

Organism
Galeopterus variegatus (Sunda flying lemur) [GN:gvr]
Gene
103587539  HPRT1; hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase [KO:K00760] [EC:2.4.2.8]
103584936  IMPDH2; inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 [KO:K00088] [EC:1.1.1.205]
103606638  IMPDH1; inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 [KO:K00088] [EC:1.1.1.205]
103605201  GMPS; GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] isoform X1 [KO:K01951] [EC:6.3.5.2]
103587072  TPMT; thiopurine S-methyltransferase [KO:K00569] [EC:2.1.1.67]
103607881  XDH; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase [KO:K00106] [EC:1.17.1.4 1.17.3.2]
103588825  ITPA; inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase isoform X1 [KO:K01519] [EC:3.6.1.66]
103591640  CES2; cocaine esterase [KO:K03927] [EC:3.1.1.1 3.1.1.84 3.1.1.56]
103609494  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
103609495  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-8-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
103609500  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B15-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
103610440  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A1-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
103590113  UGT1A6; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6 isoform X1 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
103598524  UGT2A3; UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A3 isoform X1 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
103599869  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B4-like isoform X1 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
103599871  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2C1-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
103599872  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A2 isoform X1 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
103599873  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2C1-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
103600698  beta-glucuronidase [KO:K01195] [EC:3.2.1.31]
103606033  CDA; cytidine deaminase [KO:K01489] [EC:3.5.4.5]
103591323  TYMP; thymidine phosphorylase [KO:K00758] [EC:2.4.2.4]
103594097  DPYS; dihydropyrimidinase [KO:K01464] [EC:3.5.2.2]
103591931  UPB1; beta-ureidopropionase [KO:K01431] [EC:3.5.1.6]
103603316  UPP1; uridine phosphorylase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00757] [EC:2.4.2.3]
103607657  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uridine phosphorylase 2-like [KO:K00757] [EC:2.4.2.3]
103601633  UCK2; uridine-cytidine kinase 2 [KO:K00876] [EC:2.7.1.48]
103582792  uridine-cytidine kinase 2-like [KO:K00876] [EC:2.7.1.48]
103605895  UCK1; uridine-cytidine kinase 1 [KO:K00876] [EC:2.7.1.48]
103593790  UCKL1; uridine-cytidine kinase-like 1 [KO:K00876] [EC:2.7.1.48]
103595969  TK1; thymidine kinase, cytosolic [KO:K00857] [EC:2.7.1.21]
103591631  TK2; thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00857] [EC:2.7.1.21]
103594432  UMPS; uridine 5'-monophosphate synthase [KO:K13421] [EC:2.4.2.10 4.1.1.23]
103594742  CMPK1; UMP-CMP kinase [KO:K13800] [EC:2.7.4.14]
103607698  RRM1; ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit [KO:K10807] [EC:1.17.4.1]
103599565  ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
103593727  RRM2B; ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
103595720  NME4; nucleoside diphosphate kinase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
103581970  nucleoside diphosphate kinase 7-like [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
103591602  NME6; nucleoside diphosphate kinase 6 [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
103598041  NME3; nucleoside diphosphate kinase 3 [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
103586937  NME2; nucleoside diphosphate kinase B [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
103586938  NME1; nucleoside diphosphate kinase A [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
103608487  DUT; deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase, mitochondrial [KO:K01520] [EC:3.6.1.23]
103589313  MPO; myeloperoxidase [KO:K10789] [EC:1.11.2.2]
103581914  arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00622] [EC:2.3.1.5]
103609289  cytochrome P450 2E1 isoform X1 [KO:K07415] [EC:1.14.14.-]
103609025  glutathione S-transferase A2 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103609252  GSTA4; glutathione S-transferase A4 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103595313  MGST3; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103601973  MGST1; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103583638  uncharacterized protein LOC103583638 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103605422  GSTO1; glutathione S-transferase omega-1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103605424  glutathione S-transferase omega-2-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103585612  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103585621  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103585630  GSTM3; glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103587154  glutathione S-transferase theta-2B-like isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103587155  glutathione S-transferase theta-4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103587156  glutathione S-transferase theta-1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103587157  glutathione S-transferase theta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103587634  MGST2; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103593805  GSTO2; glutathione S-transferase omega-2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
103597997  GSTP1; glutathione S-transferase P [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
Compound
C00003  NAD+
C00006  NADP+
C02320  R-S-Glutathione
C02380  6-Mercaptopurine
C04242  5-Fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate
C04646  6-Thioinosine-5'-monophosphate
C05361  Hydrazine
C06108  Fluoroacetate
C06837  Azathioprine
C07054  Isoniazid
C07446  Isonicotinic acid
C07447  Acetylhydrazine
C07585  N-Acetylisoniazid
C07648  Thioguanine
C07649  5-FU
C11173  SN-38
C11376  SN38 glucuronide
C11736  5-Fluorodeoxyuridine
C12650  Capecitabine
C12673  Tegafur
C12739  5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine
C13252  Carmofur
C16542  APC
C16543  NPC
C16613  6-Thiourate
C16614  6-Methylmercaptopurine
C16615  6-Methylthiopurine 5'-monophosphate ribonucleotide
C16616  6-Mercaptopurine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate
C16617  6-Mercaptopurine ribonucleoside triphosphate
C16618  6-Thioxanthine 5'-monophosphate
C16619  6-Thioguanosine monophosphate
C16620  6-Methylthioguanosine monophosphate
C16621  1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole
C16622  N,N'-Diacetylhydrazine
C16623  Isonicotinylglycine
C16624  Isoniazid pyruvate
C16625  Isoniazid alpha-ketoglutaric acid
C16630  5,6-Dihydro-5-fluorouracil
C16631  alpha-Fluoro-beta-ureidopropionic acid
C16632  alpha-Fluoro-beta-alanine
C16633  5-Fluorouridine
C16634  5-Fluorouridine monophosphate
C16635  5'-Deoxy-5-fluorocytidine
C16641  Irinotecan
C21748  5-Fluorouridine diphosphate
C21749  5-Fluorouridine triphosphate
C21750  5-Fluorodeoxyuridine diphosphate
C21751  5-Fluorodeoxyuridine triphosphate
C21754  Isonicotinoyl radical
C21758  Hepatotoxins
C21759  Isonicotinoyl-NAD adduct
C21760  Isonicotinoyl-NADP adduct
D00238  Azathioprine (JP18/USP/INN)
D00346  Isoniazid (JP18/USP/INN)
D00584  Fluorouracil (JP18/USP/INN)
D01223  Capecitabine (JAN/USP/INN)
D01244  Tegafur (JP18/USAN/INN)
D01309  Doxifluridine (JP18/INN)
D01784  Carmofur (JP18/INN)
D04197  Floxuridine (USP/INN)
D04931  Mercaptopurine (INN)
D08086  Irinotecan (INN)
D08603  Tioguanine (INN)
Reference
  Authors
Kato R, Kamatari T (eds).
  Title
[Drug Metabolism] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (2000)
Reference
  Authors
Al Hadithy AF, de Boer NK, Derijks LJ, Escher JC, Mulder CJ, Brouwers JR.
  Title
Thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease: pharmacogenetics, therapeutic drug monitoring and clinical recommendations.
  Journal
Dig Liver Dis 37:282-97 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.dld.2004.09.029
Reference
  Authors
Gearry RB, Barclay ML.
  Title
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine pharmacogenetics and metabolite monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease.
  Journal
J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20:1149-57 (2005)
DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.03832.x
Reference
  Authors
Gilissen LP, Derijks LJ, Verhoeven HM, Bierau J, Hooymans PM, Hommes DW, Engels LG.
  Title
Pancytopenia due to high 6-methylmercaptopurine levels in a 6-mercaptopurine treated patient with Crohn's disease.
  Journal
Dig Liver Dis 39:182-6 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.dld.2006.05.026
Reference
  Authors
Fischel JL, Formento P, Ciccolini J, Etienne-Grimaldi MC, Milano G.
  Title
Lack of contribution of dihydrofluorouracil and alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine to the cytotoxicity of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine on human keratinocytes.
  Journal
Anticancer Drugs 15:969-74 (2004)
DOI:10.1097/00001813-200411000-00006
Reference
  Authors
Shimma N, Umeda I, Arasaki M, Murasaki C, Masubuchi K, Kohchi Y, Miwa M, Ura M, Sawada N, Tahara H, Kuruma I, Horii I, Ishitsuka H.
  Title
The design and synthesis of a new tumor-selective fluoropyrimidine carbamate, capecitabine.
  Journal
Bioorg Med Chem 8:1697-706 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S0968-0896(00)00087-0
Reference
  Authors
Chung YL, Troy H, Judson IR, Leek R, Leach MO, Stubbs M, Harris AL, Griffiths JR
  Title
Noninvasive measurements of capecitabine metabolism in bladder tumors overexpressing thymidine phosphorylase by fluorine-19 magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 10:3863-70 (2004)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0237
Reference
  Authors
Mathijssen RH, van Alphen RJ, Verweij J, Loos WJ, Nooter K, Stoter G, Sparreboom A
  Title
Clinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of irinotecan (CPT-11).
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 7:2182-94 (2001)
Reference
  Authors
Kita T, Tanigawara Y, Chikazawa S, Hatanaka H, Sakaeda T, Komada F, Iwakawa S, Okumura K.
  Title
N-Acetyltransferase2 genotype correlated with isoniazid acetylation in Japanese tuberculous patients.
  Journal
Biol Pharm Bull 24:544-9 (2001)
DOI:10.1248/bpb.24.544
Reference
  Authors
Miura K, Kinouchi M, Ishida K, Fujibuchi W, Naitoh T, Ogawa H, Ando T, Yazaki N, Watanabe K, Haneda S, Shibata C, Sasaki I
  Title
5-fu metabolism in cancer and orally-administrable 5-fu drugs.
  Journal
Cancers (Basel) 2:1717-30 (2010)
DOI:10.3390/cancers2031717
Reference
  Authors
Wang P, Pradhan K, Zhong XB, Ma X
  Title
Isoniazid metabolism and hepatotoxicity.
  Journal
Acta Pharm Sin B 6:384-392 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.014
Reference
  Authors
Klein DJ, Boukouvala S, McDonagh EM, Shuldiner SR, Laurieri N, Thorn CF, Altman RB, Klein TE
  Title
PharmGKB summary: isoniazid pathway, pharmacokinetics.
  Journal
Pharmacogenet Genomics 26:436-44 (2016)
DOI:10.1097/FPC.0000000000000232
Reference
  Authors
Yamada S, Richardson K, Tang M, Halaschek-Wiener J, Cook VJ, Fitzgerald JM, Elwood K, Marra F, Brooks-Wilson A
  Title
Genetic variation in carboxylesterase genes and susceptibility to isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity.
  Journal
Pharmacogenomics J 10:524-36 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/tpj.2010.5
Reference
  Authors
Vlasits J, Jakopitsch C, Bernroitner M, Zamocky M, Furtmuller PG, Obinger C
  Title
Mechanisms of catalase activity of heme peroxidases.
  Journal
Arch Biochem Biophys 500:74-81 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.abb.2010.04.018
Reference
  Authors
Khan SR, Morgan AG, Michail K, Srivastava N, Whittal RM, Aljuhani N, Siraki AG
  Title
Metabolism of isoniazid by neutrophil myeloperoxidase leads to isoniazid-NAD(+) adduct formation: A comparison of the reactivity of isoniazid with its known human metabolites.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 106:46-55 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2016.02.003
Reference
  Authors
Forbes LV, Furtmuller PG, Khalilova I, Turner R, Obinger C, Kettle AJ
  Title
Isoniazid as a substrate and inhibitor of myeloperoxidase: identification of amine adducts and the influence of superoxide dismutase on their formation.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 84:949-60 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2012.07.020
Reference
  Authors
Nguyen M, Quemard A, Broussy S, Bernadou J, Meunier B
  Title
Mn(III) pyrophosphate as an efficient tool for studying the mode of action of isoniazid on the InhA protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  Journal
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:2137-44 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AAC.46.7.2137-2144.2002
Reference
PMID:9417034
  Authors
Rozwarski DA, Grant GA, Barton DH, Jacobs WR Jr, Sacchettini JC
  Title
Modification of the NADH of the isoniazid target (InhA) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  Journal
Science 279:98-102 (1998)
DOI:10.1126/science.279.5347.98
Reference
  Authors
Argyrou A, Vetting MW, Blanchard JS
  Title
New insight into the mechanism of action of and resistance to isoniazid: interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl-ACP reductase with INH-NADP.
  Journal
J Am Chem Soc 129:9582-3 (2007)
DOI:10.1021/ja073160k
KO pathway
ko00983   
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