KEGG   PATHWAY: mna04970
Entry
mna04970                    Pathway                                
Name
Salivary secretion - Miniopterus natalensis (Natal long-fingered bat)
Description
Saliva has manifold functions in maintaining the integrity of the oral tissues, in protecting teeth from caries, in the tasting and ingestion of food, in speech and in the tolerance of tenures, for example. Salivary secretion occurs in response to stimulation by neurotransmitters released from autonomic nerve endings. There are two secretory pathways: protein exocytosis and fluid secretion. Sympathetic stimulation leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase and accumulation of intracellular cAMP. The elevation of cAMP causes the secretion of proteins such as amylase and mucin. In contrast, parasympathetic stimulation activates phospholipase C and causes the elevation of intracellular Ca2+, which leads to fluid secretion; that is, water and ion transport. Ca2+ also induces amylase secretion, but the amount is smaller than that induced by cAMP.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
mna04970  Salivary secretion
mna04970

Other DBs
GO: 0046541
Organism
Miniopterus natalensis (Natal long-fingered bat) [GN:mna]
Gene
107536422  ADRB1; beta-1 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04141]
107540586  ADRB2; beta-2 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04142]
107535434  ADRB3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: beta-3 adrenergic receptor [KO:K04143]
107529329  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms short isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
107529353  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55-like [KO:K04632]
107526004  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase type 1 [KO:K08041] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107540528  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107534062  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase type 3 [KO:K08043] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107531740  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase type 4 [KO:K08044] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107527242  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 isoform X1 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107528232  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase type 6 isoform X1 [KO:K08046] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107531029  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase type 7 [KO:K08047] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107539500  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase type 8 isoform X1 [KO:K08048] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107535777  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase type 9 isoform X1 [KO:K08049] [EC:4.6.1.1]
107544336  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
107543188  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
107544497  VAMP2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 [KO:K13504]
107529888  ADRA1A; alpha-1A adrenergic receptor isoform X1 [KO:K04135]
107537855  ADRA1B; alpha-1B adrenergic receptor [KO:K04136]
107536281  ADRA1D; alpha-1D adrenergic receptor [KO:K04137]
107542477  CHRM3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3 [KO:K04131]
107544926  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
107542967  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
107536366  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
107536369  PLCB1; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
107539797  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
107538300  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
107544745  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
107540426  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
107529142  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 [KO:K04958]
107525255  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
107541588  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
107526989  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3 [KO:K04963]
107542429  CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
107542435  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
107536794  CALM3; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
107540147  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
107544318  CALM2; calmodulin isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
107531584  CALM1; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
107525969  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 [KO:K02183]
107528483  NOS1; nitric oxide synthase, brain [KO:K13240] [EC:1.14.13.39]
107527534  GUCY1A3; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-3 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
107532921  GUCY1A2; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha-2 [KO:K12318] [EC:4.6.1.2]
107527535  GUCY1B3; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-1 [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
107537733  guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta-2-like [KO:K12319] [EC:4.6.1.2]
107543282  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 [KO:K07376] [EC:2.7.11.12]
107537152  PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K19477] [EC:2.7.11.12]
107541525  BEST2; bestrophin-2 [KO:K13879]
107528153  aquaporin-5 [KO:K09867]
107545330  ATP1A1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
107538456  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
107534181  ATP1A3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
107537932  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
107534704  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
107534499  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3-like [KO:K01540]
107529056  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
107544529  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
107530783  FXYD2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma [KO:K01538]
107538560  ATP2B4; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
107538818  ATP2B3; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
107538895  ATP2B1; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
107534770  ATP2B2; plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05850] [EC:7.2.2.10]
107540912  SLC12A2; solute carrier family 12 member 2 [KO:K10951]
107542255  KCNN4; intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4 [KO:K04945]
107545799  KCNMA1; calcium-activated potassium channel subunit alpha-1 [KO:K04936]
107524905  SLC4A2; anion exchange protein 2 [KO:K13855]
107540015  SLC9A1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
107523756  TRPV6; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6 [KO:K04975]
107544643  MUC5AC; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mucin-5AC [KO:K13908]
107544642  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: mucin-5B-like [KO:K13908]
107537180  AMY2B; alpha-amylase 2B [KO:K01176] [EC:3.2.1.1]
107526333  LYZ; lysozyme C [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
107528105  lysozyme C, milk isozyme-like [KO:K13915] [EC:3.2.1.17]
107535305  LPO; lactoperoxidase isoform X1 [KO:K12550] [EC:1.11.1.7]
107529421  CAMP; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide [KO:K13916]
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00011  CO2
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00288  HCO3-
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01353  Carbonic acid
C01996  Acetylcholine
C13050  Cyclic ADP-ribose
Reference
PMID:16799262
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Skowronski MT, Pan Y, Ishida H
  Title
Water channels and zymogen granules in salivary glands.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:495-512 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CRJ06007X
Reference
PMID:16712780
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Inoue N, Nakae Y
  Title
Aquaporin-5 water channel in lipid rafts of rat parotid glands.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1758:1053-60 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.03.026
Reference
PMID:10682899
  Authors
Ambudkar IS
  Title
Regulation of calcium in salivary gland secretion.
  Journal
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 11:4-25 (2000)
DOI:10.1177/10454411000110010301
Reference
PMID:10928320
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Ishida H
  Title
Aquaporin water channel in salivary glands.
  Journal
Jpn J Pharmacol 83:95-101 (2000)
DOI:10.1254/jjp.83.95
Reference
PMID:8105741
  Authors
Baum BJ
  Title
Principles of saliva secretion.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 694:17-23 (1993)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18338.x
Reference
PMID:9720759
  Authors
Fujita-Yoshigaki J
  Title
Divergence and convergence in regulated exocytosis: the characteristics of cAMP-dependent enzyme secretion of parotid salivary acinar cells.
  Journal
Cell Signal 10:371-5 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0898-6568(97)00178-2
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Reference
PMID:17157080
  Authors
Proctor GB, Carpenter GH
  Title
Regulation of salivary gland function by autonomic nerves.
  Journal
Auton Neurosci 133:3-18 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.autneu.2006.10.006
Reference
PMID:11936453
  Authors
Turner RJ, Sugiya H
  Title
Understanding salivary fluid and protein secretion.
  Journal
Oral Dis 8:3-11 (2002)
DOI:10.1034/j.1601-0825.2002.10815.x
Reference
PMID:15153696
  Authors
Van Nieuw Amerongen A, Bolscher JG, Veerman EC
  Title
Salivary proteins: protective and diagnostic value in cariology?
  Journal
Caries Res 38:247-53 (2004)
DOI:10.1159/000077762
Reference
PMID:17347411
  Authors
Nakamoto T, Srivastava A, Romanenko VG, Ovitt CE, Perez-Cornejo P, Arreola J, Begenisich T, Melvin JE
  Title
Functional and molecular characterization of the fluid secretion mechanism in human parotid acinar cells.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292:R2380-90 (2007)
DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00591.2006
Reference
PMID:15709965
  Authors
Melvin JE, Yule D, Shuttleworth T, Begenisich T
  Title
Regulation of fluid and electrolyte secretion in salivary gland acinar cells.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 67:445-69 (2005)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.041703.084745
Reference
PMID:20224180
  Authors
Catalan MA, Nakamoto T, Melvin JE
  Title
The salivary gland fluid secretion mechanism.
  Journal
J Med Invest 56 Suppl:192-6 (2009)
DOI:10.2152/jmi.56.192
Related
pathway
mna04020  Calcium signaling pathway
mna04530  Tight junction
mna04973  Carbohydrate digestion and absorption
KO pathway
ko04970   
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