KEGG   PATHWAY: ko04970
Entry
ko04970                     Pathway                                
Name
Salivary secretion
Description
Saliva has manifold functions in maintaining the integrity of the oral tissues, in protecting teeth from caries, in the tasting and ingestion of food, in speech and in the tolerance of tenures, for example. Salivary secretion occurs in response to stimulation by neurotransmitters released from autonomic nerve endings. There are two secretory pathways: protein exocytosis and fluid secretion. Sympathetic stimulation leads to the activation of adenylate cyclase and accumulation of intracellular cAMP. The elevation of cAMP causes the secretion of proteins such as amylase and mucin. In contrast, parasympathetic stimulation activates phospholipase C and causes the elevation of intracellular Ca2+, which leads to fluid secretion; that is, water and ion transport. Ca2+ also induces amylase secretion, but the amount is smaller than that induced by cAMP.
Class
Organismal Systems; Digestive system
Pathway map
ko04970  Salivary secretion
ko04970

Other DBs
GO: 0046541
Orthology
K01176  AMY, amyA, malS; alpha-amylase [EC:3.2.1.1]
K01242  CD38; ADP-ribosyl cyclase 1 [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
K01538  FXYD2, ATP1G1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma (FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 2)
K01539  ATP1A; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha [EC:7.2.2.13]
K01540  ATP1B, CD298; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta
K02183  CALM; calmodulin
K02677  PRKCA; classical protein kinase C alpha type [EC:2.7.11.13]
K04131  CHRM3; muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3
K04135  ADRA1A; adrenergic receptor alpha-1A
K04136  ADRA1B; adrenergic receptor alpha-1B
K04137  ADRA1D; adrenergic receptor alpha-1D
K04141  ADRB1; adrenergic receptor beta-1
K04142  ADRB2; adrenergic receptor beta-2
K04143  ADRB3; adrenergic receptor beta-3
K04345  PKA; protein kinase A [EC:2.7.11.11]
K04632  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha
K04634  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha
K04936  KCNMA1, KCA1.1; potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha member 1
K04945  KCNN4, KCA3.1; potassium intermediate/small conductance calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4
K04958  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 1
K04959  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 2
K04960  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor type 3
K04963  RYR3; ryanodine receptor 3
K04975  TRPV6; transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 6
K05742  SLC9A1, NHE1; solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1
K05850  ATP2B; P-type Ca2+ transporter type 2B [EC:7.2.2.10]
K05858  PLCB; phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C, beta [EC:3.1.4.11]
K07376  PRKG1; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 1 [EC:2.7.11.12]
K08041  ADCY1; adenylate cyclase 1 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K08042  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase 2 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K08043  ADCY3; adenylate cyclase 3 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K08044  ADCY4; adenylate cyclase 4 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K08045  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase 5 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K08046  ADCY6; adenylate cyclase 6 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K08047  ADCY7; adenylate cyclase 7 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K08048  ADCY8; adenylate cyclase 8 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K08049  ADCY9; adenylate cyclase 9 [EC:4.6.1.1]
K09867  AQP5; aquaporin-5
K10951  SLC12A2, NKCC1; solute carrier family 12 (sodium/potassium/chloride transporter), member 2
K12318  GUCY1A; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit alpha [EC:4.6.1.2]
K12319  GUCY1B; guanylate cyclase soluble subunit beta [EC:4.6.1.2]
K12550  LPO; lactoperoxidase [EC:1.11.1.7]
K13240  NOS1; nitric-oxide synthase, brain [EC:1.14.13.39]
K13504  VAMP2; vesicle-associated membrane protein 2
K13855  SLC4A2, AE2; solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 2
K13879  BEST2, VMD2L1; bestrophin-2
K13897  CST1; cystatin-SN
K13898  CST2; cystatin-SA
K13899  CST3; cystatin-C
K13900  CST4; cystatin-S
K13901  CST5; cystatin-D
K13908  MUC5; mucin-5
K13909  MUC7, MG2; mucin-7
K13910  PRH1_2; salivary acidic proline-rich phosphoprotein 1/2
K13911  PRB1_2; basic salivary proline-rich protein 1/2
K13912  DMBT1; deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 protein
K13913  HTN; histatin
K13914  STATH; statherin
K13915  LYZ; lysozyme C [EC:3.2.1.17]
K13916  CAMP, LL37; cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide
K18152  BST1, CD157; ADP-ribosyl cyclase 2 [EC:3.2.2.6 2.4.99.20]
K19477  PRKG2; cGMP-dependent protein kinase 2 [EC:2.7.11.12]
K19662  PRKCB; classical protein kinase C beta type [EC:2.7.11.13]
K19663  PRKCG; classical protein kinase C gamma type [EC:2.7.11.13]
Compound
C00001  H2O
C00011  CO2
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00165  Diacylglycerol
C00238  Potassium cation
C00288  HCO3-
C00533  Nitric oxide
C00547  L-Noradrenaline
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00698  Cl-
C00942  3',5'-Cyclic GMP
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
C01330  Sodium cation
C01353  Carbonic acid
C01996  Acetylcholine
C13050  Cyclic ADP-ribose
Reference
PMID:16799262
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Skowronski MT, Pan Y, Ishida H
  Title
Water channels and zymogen granules in salivary glands.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:495-512 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CRJ06007X
Reference
PMID:16712780
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Cho G, Yuan Z, Inoue N, Nakae Y
  Title
Aquaporin-5 water channel in lipid rafts of rat parotid glands.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1758:1053-60 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbamem.2006.03.026
Reference
PMID:10682899
  Authors
Ambudkar IS
  Title
Regulation of calcium in salivary gland secretion.
  Journal
Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 11:4-25 (2000)
DOI:10.1177/10454411000110010301
Reference
PMID:10928320
  Authors
Ishikawa Y, Ishida H
  Title
Aquaporin water channel in salivary glands.
  Journal
Jpn J Pharmacol 83:95-101 (2000)
DOI:10.1254/jjp.83.95
Reference
PMID:8105741
  Authors
Baum BJ
  Title
Principles of saliva secretion.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 694:17-23 (1993)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18338.x
Reference
PMID:9720759
  Authors
Fujita-Yoshigaki J
  Title
Divergence and convergence in regulated exocytosis: the characteristics of cAMP-dependent enzyme secretion of parotid salivary acinar cells.
  Journal
Cell Signal 10:371-5 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0898-6568(97)00178-2
Reference
PMID:18626068
  Authors
Heitzmann D, Warth R
  Title
Physiology and pathophysiology of potassium channels in gastrointestinal epithelia.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 88:1119-82 (2008)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00020.2007
Reference
PMID:17157080
  Authors
Proctor GB, Carpenter GH
  Title
Regulation of salivary gland function by autonomic nerves.
  Journal
Auton Neurosci 133:3-18 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.autneu.2006.10.006
Reference
PMID:11936453
  Authors
Turner RJ, Sugiya H
  Title
Understanding salivary fluid and protein secretion.
  Journal
Oral Dis 8:3-11 (2002)
DOI:10.1034/j.1601-0825.2002.10815.x
Reference
PMID:15153696
  Authors
Van Nieuw Amerongen A, Bolscher JG, Veerman EC
  Title
Salivary proteins: protective and diagnostic value in cariology?
  Journal
Caries Res 38:247-53 (2004)
DOI:10.1159/000077762
Reference
PMID:17347411
  Authors
Nakamoto T, Srivastava A, Romanenko VG, Ovitt CE, Perez-Cornejo P, Arreola J, Begenisich T, Melvin JE
  Title
Functional and molecular characterization of the fluid secretion mechanism in human parotid acinar cells.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292:R2380-90 (2007)
DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00591.2006
Reference
PMID:15709965
  Authors
Melvin JE, Yule D, Shuttleworth T, Begenisich T
  Title
Regulation of fluid and electrolyte secretion in salivary gland acinar cells.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 67:445-69 (2005)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.67.041703.084745
Reference
PMID:20224180
  Authors
Catalan MA, Nakamoto T, Melvin JE
  Title
The salivary gland fluid secretion mechanism.
  Journal
J Med Invest 56 Suppl:192-6 (2009)
DOI:10.2152/jmi.56.192
Related
pathway
ko04020  Calcium signaling pathway
ko04530  Tight junction
ko04973  Carbohydrate digestion and absorption

DBGET integrated database retrieval system