KEGG   PATHWAY: ncar00983
Entry
ncar00983                   Pathway                                
Name
Drug metabolism - other enzymes - Sciurus carolinensis (gray squirrel)
Class
Metabolism; Xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism
Pathway map
ncar00983  Drug metabolism - other enzymes
ncar00983

Organism
Sciurus carolinensis (gray squirrel) [GN:ncar]
Gene
124972629  hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase [KO:K00760] [EC:2.4.2.8]
124992815  inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K00088] [EC:1.1.1.205]
124990756  inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 [KO:K00088] [EC:1.1.1.205]
124993269  GMP synthase [glutamine-hydrolyzing] [KO:K01951] [EC:6.3.5.2]
124988797  thiopurine S-methyltransferase [KO:K00569] [EC:2.1.1.67]
124963278  xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase [KO:K00106] [EC:1.17.1.4 1.17.3.2]
124970665  inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase isoform X1 [KO:K01519] [EC:3.6.1.66]
124966697  liver carboxylesterase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K01044] [EC:3.1.1.1]
124966698  liver carboxylesterase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K01044] [EC:3.1.1.1]
124966858  liver carboxylesterase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K01044] [EC:3.1.1.1]
124966860  liver carboxylesterase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K01044] [EC:3.1.1.1]
124966861  liver carboxylesterase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K01044] [EC:3.1.1.1]
124967590  cocaine esterase-like isoform X1 [KO:K03927] [EC:3.1.1.1 3.1.1.84 3.1.1.56]
124967589  cocaine esterase-like isoform X1 [KO:K03927] [EC:3.1.1.1 3.1.1.84 3.1.1.56]
124994473  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A3-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124994571  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B31-like isoform X1 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124994574  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A2 isoform X1 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124994603  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B31-like isoform X1 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124994803  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B31-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124994935  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B15-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124979551  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124979722  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1-like isoform X1 [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124979723  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124979724  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A8-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124980284  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124980343  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A9-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124981344  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-6-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124981346  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-2-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124981351  UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1-2-like [KO:K00699] [EC:2.4.1.17]
124969991  beta-glucuronidase isoform X1 [KO:K01195] [EC:3.2.1.31]
124967273  uncharacterized protein LOC124967273 isoform X1 [KO:K01489] [EC:3.5.4.5]
124982287  thymidine phosphorylase-like [KO:K00758] [EC:2.4.2.4]
124983056  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]-like [KO:K00207] [EC:1.3.1.2]
124993793  dihydropyrimidinase isoform X1 [KO:K01464] [EC:3.5.2.2]
124991985  beta-ureidopropionase [KO:K01431] [EC:3.5.1.6]
124989571  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uridine phosphorylase 1-like [KO:K00757] [EC:2.4.2.3]
124990977  uridine phosphorylase 1 [KO:K00757] [EC:2.4.2.3]
124979777  uridine phosphorylase 2 [KO:K00757] [EC:2.4.2.3]
124962196  uridine-cytidine kinase 2 [KO:K00876] [EC:2.7.1.48]
124964313  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: uridine-cytidine kinase 1-like [KO:K00876] [EC:2.7.1.48]
124974506  uridine-cytidine kinase-like 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00876] [EC:2.7.1.48]
124966887  thymidine kinase 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00857] [EC:2.7.1.21]
124979894  thymidine kinase, cytosolic isoform X1 [KO:K00857] [EC:2.7.1.21]
124993453  uridine 5'-monophosphate synthase [KO:K13421] [EC:2.4.2.10 4.1.1.23]
124992536  UMP-CMP kinase-like [KO:K13800] [EC:2.7.4.14]
124978133  UMP-CMP kinase-like [KO:K13800] [EC:2.7.4.14]
124961006  UMP-CMP kinase [KO:K13800] [EC:2.7.4.14]
124960453  ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit [KO:K10807] [EC:1.17.4.1]
124963159  ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
124964784  ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B isoform X1 [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
124974426  ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B-like [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
124992857  nucleoside diphosphate kinase B [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
124993077  nucleoside diphosphate kinase 6 isoform X1 [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
124988861  nucleoside diphosphate kinase B [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
124961568  nucleoside diphosphate kinase 7 isoform X1 [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
124970308  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: nucleoside diphosphate kinase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
124970523  nucleoside diphosphate kinase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
124980395  nucleoside diphosphate kinase B [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
124980396  nucleoside diphosphate kinase A [KO:K00940] [EC:2.7.4.6]
124994442  deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K01520] [EC:3.6.1.23]
124978020  deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01520] [EC:3.6.1.23]
124964503  deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K01520] [EC:3.6.1.23]
124974681  deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K01520] [EC:3.6.1.23]
124980398  myeloperoxidase [KO:K10789] [EC:1.11.2.2]
124983865  arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2-like [KO:K00622] [EC:2.3.1.5]
124983866  arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 [KO:K00622] [EC:2.3.1.5]
124974930  cytochrome P450 2E1 [KO:K07415] [EC:1.14.14.-]
124994992  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124988839  glutathione S-transferase-like isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124988855  glutathione S-transferase Mu 2-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124988863  glutathione S-transferase Y1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124988873  glutathione S-transferase alpha-3-like isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124988903  glutathione S-transferase alpha-3-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124989026  glutathione S-transferase A4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124989027  glutathione S-transferase A4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124989538  glutathione S-transferase A1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124989702  glutathione S-transferase alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124990142  glutathione S-transferase theta-2B-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124991125  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124991622  glutathione S-transferase theta-4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124991662  glutathione S-transferase theta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124984941  glutathione S-transferase Mu 5 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124959946  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124985125  glutathione S-transferase omega-2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124985126  glutathione S-transferase omega-1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124968900  glutathione S-transferase Mu 5-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124962123  microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124981949  microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
124958870  glutathione S-transferase P [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
Compound
C00003  NAD+
C00006  NADP+
C02320  R-S-Glutathione
C02380  6-Mercaptopurine
C04242  5-Fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate
C04646  6-Thioinosine-5'-monophosphate
C05361  Hydrazine
C06108  Fluoroacetate
C06837  Azathioprine
C07054  Isoniazid
C07446  Isonicotinic acid
C07447  Acetylhydrazine
C07585  N-Acetylisoniazid
C07648  Thioguanine
C07649  5-FU
C11173  SN-38
C11376  SN38 glucuronide
C11736  5-Fluorodeoxyuridine
C12650  Capecitabine
C12673  Tegafur
C12739  5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine
C13252  Carmofur
C16542  APC
C16543  NPC
C16613  6-Thiourate
C16614  6-Methylmercaptopurine
C16615  6-Methylthiopurine 5'-monophosphate ribonucleotide
C16616  6-Mercaptopurine ribonucleoside 5'-diphosphate
C16617  6-Mercaptopurine ribonucleoside triphosphate
C16618  6-Thioxanthine 5'-monophosphate
C16619  6-Thioguanosine monophosphate
C16620  6-Methylthioguanosine monophosphate
C16621  1-Methyl-4-nitroimidazole
C16622  N,N'-Diacetylhydrazine
C16623  Isonicotinylglycine
C16624  Isoniazid pyruvate
C16625  Isoniazid alpha-ketoglutaric acid
C16630  5,6-Dihydro-5-fluorouracil
C16631  alpha-Fluoro-beta-ureidopropionic acid
C16632  alpha-Fluoro-beta-alanine
C16633  5-Fluorouridine
C16634  5-Fluorouridine monophosphate
C16635  5'-Deoxy-5-fluorocytidine
C16641  Irinotecan
C21748  5-Fluorouridine diphosphate
C21749  5-Fluorouridine triphosphate
C21750  5-Fluorodeoxyuridine diphosphate
C21751  5-Fluorodeoxyuridine triphosphate
C21754  Isonicotinoyl radical
C21758  Hepatotoxins
C21759  Isonicotinoyl-NAD adduct
C21760  Isonicotinoyl-NADP adduct
D00238  Azathioprine (JP18/USP/INN)
D00346  Isoniazid (JP18/USP/INN)
D00584  Fluorouracil (JP18/USP/INN)
D01223  Capecitabine (JAN/USP/INN)
D01244  Tegafur (JP18/USAN/INN)
D01309  Doxifluridine (JP18/INN)
D01784  Carmofur (JP18/INN)
D04197  Floxuridine (USP/INN)
D04931  Mercaptopurine (INN)
D08086  Irinotecan (INN)
D08603  Tioguanine (INN)
Reference
  Authors
Kato R, Kamatari T (eds).
  Title
[Drug Metabolism] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (2000)
Reference
  Authors
Al Hadithy AF, de Boer NK, Derijks LJ, Escher JC, Mulder CJ, Brouwers JR.
  Title
Thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease: pharmacogenetics, therapeutic drug monitoring and clinical recommendations.
  Journal
Dig Liver Dis 37:282-97 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.dld.2004.09.029
Reference
  Authors
Gearry RB, Barclay ML.
  Title
Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine pharmacogenetics and metabolite monitoring in inflammatory bowel disease.
  Journal
J Gastroenterol Hepatol 20:1149-57 (2005)
DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.03832.x
Reference
  Authors
Gilissen LP, Derijks LJ, Verhoeven HM, Bierau J, Hooymans PM, Hommes DW, Engels LG.
  Title
Pancytopenia due to high 6-methylmercaptopurine levels in a 6-mercaptopurine treated patient with Crohn's disease.
  Journal
Dig Liver Dis 39:182-6 (2007)
DOI:10.1016/j.dld.2006.05.026
Reference
  Authors
Fischel JL, Formento P, Ciccolini J, Etienne-Grimaldi MC, Milano G.
  Title
Lack of contribution of dihydrofluorouracil and alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine to the cytotoxicity of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine on human keratinocytes.
  Journal
Anticancer Drugs 15:969-74 (2004)
DOI:10.1097/00001813-200411000-00006
Reference
  Authors
Shimma N, Umeda I, Arasaki M, Murasaki C, Masubuchi K, Kohchi Y, Miwa M, Ura M, Sawada N, Tahara H, Kuruma I, Horii I, Ishitsuka H.
  Title
The design and synthesis of a new tumor-selective fluoropyrimidine carbamate, capecitabine.
  Journal
Bioorg Med Chem 8:1697-706 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S0968-0896(00)00087-0
Reference
  Authors
Chung YL, Troy H, Judson IR, Leek R, Leach MO, Stubbs M, Harris AL, Griffiths JR
  Title
Noninvasive measurements of capecitabine metabolism in bladder tumors overexpressing thymidine phosphorylase by fluorine-19 magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 10:3863-70 (2004)
DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0237
Reference
  Authors
Mathijssen RH, van Alphen RJ, Verweij J, Loos WJ, Nooter K, Stoter G, Sparreboom A
  Title
Clinical pharmacokinetics and metabolism of irinotecan (CPT-11).
  Journal
Clin Cancer Res 7:2182-94 (2001)
Reference
  Authors
Kita T, Tanigawara Y, Chikazawa S, Hatanaka H, Sakaeda T, Komada F, Iwakawa S, Okumura K.
  Title
N-Acetyltransferase2 genotype correlated with isoniazid acetylation in Japanese tuberculous patients.
  Journal
Biol Pharm Bull 24:544-9 (2001)
DOI:10.1248/bpb.24.544
Reference
  Authors
Miura K, Kinouchi M, Ishida K, Fujibuchi W, Naitoh T, Ogawa H, Ando T, Yazaki N, Watanabe K, Haneda S, Shibata C, Sasaki I
  Title
5-fu metabolism in cancer and orally-administrable 5-fu drugs.
  Journal
Cancers (Basel) 2:1717-30 (2010)
DOI:10.3390/cancers2031717
Reference
  Authors
Wang P, Pradhan K, Zhong XB, Ma X
  Title
Isoniazid metabolism and hepatotoxicity.
  Journal
Acta Pharm Sin B 6:384-392 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.014
Reference
  Authors
Klein DJ, Boukouvala S, McDonagh EM, Shuldiner SR, Laurieri N, Thorn CF, Altman RB, Klein TE
  Title
PharmGKB summary: isoniazid pathway, pharmacokinetics.
  Journal
Pharmacogenet Genomics 26:436-44 (2016)
DOI:10.1097/FPC.0000000000000232
Reference
  Authors
Yamada S, Richardson K, Tang M, Halaschek-Wiener J, Cook VJ, Fitzgerald JM, Elwood K, Marra F, Brooks-Wilson A
  Title
Genetic variation in carboxylesterase genes and susceptibility to isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity.
  Journal
Pharmacogenomics J 10:524-36 (2010)
DOI:10.1038/tpj.2010.5
Reference
  Authors
Vlasits J, Jakopitsch C, Bernroitner M, Zamocky M, Furtmuller PG, Obinger C
  Title
Mechanisms of catalase activity of heme peroxidases.
  Journal
Arch Biochem Biophys 500:74-81 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.abb.2010.04.018
Reference
  Authors
Khan SR, Morgan AG, Michail K, Srivastava N, Whittal RM, Aljuhani N, Siraki AG
  Title
Metabolism of isoniazid by neutrophil myeloperoxidase leads to isoniazid-NAD(+) adduct formation: A comparison of the reactivity of isoniazid with its known human metabolites.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 106:46-55 (2016)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2016.02.003
Reference
  Authors
Forbes LV, Furtmuller PG, Khalilova I, Turner R, Obinger C, Kettle AJ
  Title
Isoniazid as a substrate and inhibitor of myeloperoxidase: identification of amine adducts and the influence of superoxide dismutase on their formation.
  Journal
Biochem Pharmacol 84:949-60 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.bcp.2012.07.020
Reference
  Authors
Nguyen M, Quemard A, Broussy S, Bernadou J, Meunier B
  Title
Mn(III) pyrophosphate as an efficient tool for studying the mode of action of isoniazid on the InhA protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  Journal
Antimicrob Agents Chemother 46:2137-44 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AAC.46.7.2137-2144.2002
Reference
PMID:9417034
  Authors
Rozwarski DA, Grant GA, Barton DH, Jacobs WR Jr, Sacchettini JC
  Title
Modification of the NADH of the isoniazid target (InhA) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  Journal
Science 279:98-102 (1998)
DOI:10.1126/science.279.5347.98
Reference
  Authors
Argyrou A, Vetting MW, Blanchard JS
  Title
New insight into the mechanism of action of and resistance to isoniazid: interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl-ACP reductase with INH-NADP.
  Journal
J Am Chem Soc 129:9582-3 (2007)
DOI:10.1021/ja073160k
KO pathway
ko00983   
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