KEGG   PATHWAY: uah00480
Entry
uah00480                    Pathway                                
Name
Glutathione metabolism - Ursus arctos (brown bear)
Class
Metabolism; Metabolism of other amino acids
Pathway map
uah00480  Glutathione metabolism
uah00480

Module
uah_M00118  Glutathione biosynthesis, glutamate => glutathione [PATH:uah00480]
Other DBs
GO: 0006749
Organism
Ursus arctos (brown bear) [GN:uah]
Gene
113258522  GGT7; glutathione hydrolase 7 isoform X2 [KO:K00681] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13]
113271047  GGT6; glutathione hydrolase 6 [KO:K00681] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13]
113247032  GGT1; glutathione hydrolase 1 proenzyme [KO:K18592] [EC:2.3.2.2 3.4.19.13 3.4.19.14]
113262388  GGCT; gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase isoform X2 [KO:K00682] [EC:4.3.2.9]
113245835  CHAC2; glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K07232] [EC:4.3.2.7]
113242016  CHAC1; glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 [KO:K07232] [EC:4.3.2.7]
113247625  OPLAH; 5-oxoprolinase [KO:K01469] [EC:3.5.2.9]
113261177  GCLC; glutamate--cysteine ligase catalytic subunit [KO:K11204] [EC:6.3.2.2]
113254391  GCLM; glutamate--cysteine ligase regulatory subunit [KO:K11205]
113258526  GSS; glutathione synthetase isoform X1 [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
113266724  LAP3; cytosol aminopeptidase [KO:K11142] [EC:3.4.11.1 3.4.11.5]
113263695  ANPEP; aminopeptidase N [KO:K11140] [EC:3.4.11.2]
113247073  glutathione S-transferase theta-2B-like isoform X1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113247088  glutathione S-transferase theta-4-like isoform X5 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113247089  glutathione S-transferase theta-1-like isoform X2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113257838  MGST1; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1 isoform X2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113244917  GSTM3; glutathione S-transferase Mu 3 isoform X2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113255690  MGST2; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 2 isoform X2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113268693  MGST3; microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113251904  GSTO1; glutathione S-transferase omega-1 isoform X2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113251905  GSTO2; glutathione S-transferase omega-2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113247021  glutathione S-transferase theta-3-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113247025  glutathione S-transferase theta-1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113261183  glutathione S-transferase A4 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113261185  glutathione S-transferase A4-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113261186  GSTA1; glutathione S-transferase A1 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113261187  glutathione S-transferase A3-like isoform X2 [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
125282883  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
125282884  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
130543420  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
130543421  glutathione S-transferase Mu 1-like [KO:K00799] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113244018  glutathione S-transferase P isoform X1 [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113244019  GSTP1; glutathione S-transferase P [KO:K23790] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113265493  GSTK1; glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 isoform X2 [KO:K13299] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113263135  HPGDS; hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase [KO:K04097] [EC:5.3.99.2 2.5.1.18]
113250507  LANCL1; glutathione S-transferase LANCL1 [KO:K25210] [EC:2.5.1.18]
113243903  NAT8; N-acetyltransferase 8 isoform X1 [KO:K20838] [EC:2.3.1.80 2.3.1.-]
113262134  GSR; glutathione reductase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00383] [EC:1.8.1.7]
113250517  IDH1; isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic [KO:K00031] [EC:1.1.1.42]
113270522  PGD; 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating [KO:K00033] [EC:1.1.1.44 1.1.1.343]
113245486  G6PD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase [KO:K00036] [EC:1.1.1.49 1.1.1.363]
113254678  TXNDC12; thioredoxin domain-containing protein 12 isoform X1 [KO:K05360] [EC:1.8.4.2]
113242720  GPX4; phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase [KO:K05361] [EC:1.11.1.12]
113248168  GPX6; glutathione peroxidase 6 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
113248169  GPX5; epididymal secretory glutathione peroxidase [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
113256871  GPX1; glutathione peroxidase 1 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
113246327  GPX2; glutathione peroxidase 2 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
113263967  GPX3; glutathione peroxidase 3 [KO:K00432] [EC:1.11.1.9]
113262820  PRDX6; peroxiredoxin-6 isoform X2 [KO:K11188] [EC:1.11.1.7 1.11.1.27 3.1.1.-]
113268382  antizyme inhibitor 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
113269829  ODC1; ornithine decarboxylase [KO:K01581] [EC:4.1.1.17]
113270515  SRM; spermidine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
113242233  SMS; spermine synthase [KO:K00802] [EC:2.5.1.22]
113269248  RRM1; ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase large subunit [KO:K10807] [EC:1.17.4.1]
113252861  RRM2B; ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B isoform X2 [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
113269810  RRM2; ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 [KO:K10808] [EC:1.17.4.1]
Compound
C00005  NADPH
C00006  NADP+
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00037  Glycine
C00051  Glutathione
C00072  Ascorbate
C00077  L-Ornithine
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00127  Glutathione disulfide
C00134  Putrescine
C00151  L-Amino acid
C00315  Spermidine
C00669  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteine
C00750  Spermine
C01322  RX
C01419  Cys-Gly
C01672  Cadaverine
C01879  5-Oxoproline
C02090  Trypanothione
C02320  R-S-Glutathione
C03170  Trypanothione disulfide
C03646  Bis-gamma-glutamylcystine
C03740  (5-L-Glutamyl)-L-amino acid
C05422  Dehydroascorbate
C05726  S-Substituted L-cysteine
C05727  S-Substituted N-acetyl-L-cysteine
C05729  R-S-Cysteinylglycine
C05730  Glutathionylspermidine
C16562  Glutathionylspermine
C16563  Bis(glutathionyl)spermine
C16564  Bis(glutathionyl)spermine disulfide
C16565  Aminopropylcadaverine
C16566  Glutathionylaminopropylcadaverine
C16567  Homotrypanothione
C16568  Homotrypanothione disulfide
C16663  Tryparedoxin
C16664  Tryparedoxin disulfide
Reference
  Authors
Josch C, Klotz LO, Sies H.
  Title
Identification of cytosolic leucyl aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.1) as the major cysteinylglycine-hydrolysing activity in rat liver.
  Journal
Biol Chem 384:213-8 (2003)
DOI:10.1515/BC.2003.023
Reference
  Authors
Chu L, Lai Y, Xu X, Eddy S, Yang S, Song L, Kolodrubetz D.
  Title
A 52-kDa leucyl aminopeptidase from treponema denticola is a cysteinylglycinase that mediates the second step of glutathione metabolism.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 283:19351-8 (2008)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M801034200
Reference
  Authors
Cappiello M, Lazzarotti A, Buono F, Scaloni A, D'Ambrosio C, Amodeo P, Mendez BL, Pelosi P, Del Corso A, Mura U.
  Title
New role for leucyl aminopeptidase in glutathione turnover.
  Journal
Biochem J 378:35-44 (2004)
DOI:10.1042/BJ20031336
Reference
  Authors
Suzuki H, Kamatani S, Kim ES, Kumagai H.
  Title
Aminopeptidases A, B, and N and dipeptidase D are the four cysteinylglycinases of Escherichia coli K-12.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 183:1489-90 (2001)
DOI:10.1128/JB.183.4.1489-1490.2001
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Shaw MP, Wyllie S, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Trypanothione biosynthesis in Leishmania major.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 139:107-16 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.10.004
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Characterization of recombinant glutathionylspermidine synthetase/amidase from Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
Biochem J 364:679-86 (2002)
DOI:10.1042/BJ20011370
Reference
PMID:9677355
  Authors
Tetaud E, Manai F, Barrett MP, Nadeau K, Walsh CT, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Cloning and characterization of the two enzymes responsible for trypanothione biosynthesis in Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 273:19383-90 (1998)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.273.31.19383
Reference
  Authors
Ariyanayagam MR, Oza SL, Mehlert A, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Bis(glutathionyl)spermine and other novel trypanothione analogues in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:27612-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M302750200
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Ariyanayagam MR, Aitcheson N, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Properties of trypanothione synthetase from Trypanosoma brucei.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 131:25-33 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(03)00176-2
Reference
  Authors
Oza SL, Tetaud E, Ariyanayagam MR, Warnon SS, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
A single enzyme catalyses formation of Trypanothione from glutathione and spermidine in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 277:35853-61 (2002)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M204403200
Reference
  Authors
Comini M, Menge U, Wissing J, Flohe L.
  Title
Trypanothione synthesis in crithidia revisited.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 280:6850-60 (2005)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M404486200
Reference
PMID:7813456
  Authors
Hunter KJ, Le Quesne SA, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Identification and biosynthesis of N1,N9-bis(glutathionyl)aminopropylcadaverine (homotrypanothione) in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
Eur J Biochem 226:1019-27 (1994)
DOI:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.t01-1-01019.x
Reference
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Meiering SK, Schmidt H.
  Title
The parasite-specific trypanothione metabolism of trypanosoma and leishmania.
  Journal
Biol Chem 384:539-49 (2003)
DOI:10.1515/BC.2003.062
Reference
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Comini MA.
  Title
Redox control in trypanosomatids, parasitic protozoa with trypanothione-based thiol metabolism.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1780:1236-48 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbagen.2008.03.006
Reference
PMID:8892297
  Authors
Krauth-Siegel RL, Ludemann H.
  Title
Reduction of dehydroascorbate by trypanothione.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 80:203-8 (1996)
DOI:10.1016/0166-6851(96)02689-8
Reference
  Authors
Dormeyer M, Reckenfelderbaumer N, Ludemann H, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
Trypanothione-dependent synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides by Trypanosoma brucei ribonucleotide reductase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 276:10602-6 (2001)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M010352200
Reference
  Authors
Schmidt H, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
Functional and physicochemical characterization of the thioredoxin system in Trypanosoma brucei.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:46329-36 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M305338200
Reference
PMID:9851611
  Authors
Tetaud E, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
Cloning, expression and reconstitution of the trypanothione-dependent peroxidase system of Crithidia fasciculata.
  Journal
Mol Biochem Parasitol 96:111-23 (1998)
DOI:10.1016/S0166-6851(98)00120-0
Reference
  Authors
Castro H, Sousa C, Santos M, Cordeiro-da-Silva A, Flohe L, Tomas AM.
  Title
Complementary antioxidant defense by cytoplasmic and mitochondrial peroxiredoxins in Leishmania infantum.
  Journal
Free Radic Biol Med 33:1552-62 (2002)
DOI:10.1016/S0891-5849(02)01089-4
Reference
  Authors
Wilkinson SR, Temperton NJ, Mondragon A, Kelly JM.
  Title
Distinct mitochondrial and cytosolic enzymes mediate trypanothione-dependent peroxide metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 275:8220-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.275.11.8220
Reference
  Authors
Konig J, Fairlamb AH.
  Title
A comparative study of type I and type II tryparedoxin peroxidases in Leishmania major.
  Journal
FEBS J 274:5643-58 (2007)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06087.x
Reference
  Authors
Hillebrand H, Schmidt A, Krauth-Siegel RL.
  Title
A second class of peroxidases linked to the trypanothione metabolism.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 278:6809-15 (2003)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M210392200
Reference
  Authors
Soksawatmaekhin W, Kuraishi A, Sakata K, Kashiwagi K, Igarashi K.
  Title
Excretion and uptake of cadaverine by CadB and its physiological functions in Escherichia coli.
  Journal
Mol Microbiol 51:1401-12 (2004)
DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03913.x
Reference
PMID:6798961
  Authors
Pegg AE, Shuttleworth K, Hibasami H.
  Title
Specificity of mammalian spermidine synthase and spermine synthase.
  Journal
Biochem J 197:315-20 (1981)
DOI:10.1042/bj1970315
Related
pathway
uah00220  Arginine biosynthesis
uah00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
uah00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
uah00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
KO pathway
ko00480   
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