Cancer-associated Carbohydrates Cancer-associated Carbohydrates| Altered glycosylation in cancer | Glycan structure in KEGG | Changes seen in carcinoma cells | Biosynthetic basis of structrual change | Function in tumor | Cancer types | Tumor markers |
| N-glycans | ||||||
| beta1,6-branching | Increase | Increased MGAT5 expression and activity | Correlated with grade, invasion, and metastasis | Colorectal cancer [DS:H00020] Non-small cell lung [DS:H00014] Bladder cancers [DS:H00022] Brain tumors |
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| bisecting GlcNAc in a beta1,4-linkage | G13066 | Increase | MGAT3 expression | Affect tumor progession and metastasis | Liver cancer [DS:H00048] | |
| core fucosylation | G13067 | Increase | FUT8 expression | Related to some clinicopathological parameters such as tumor size, lymph node metastasis, advanced stage and the presence of poorly differentiated lesions | Liver cancer [DS:H00048] Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Colorectal cancer [DS:H00020] Ovarian cancer [DS:H00027] Non-small cell lung cancer [DS:H00014] |
AFP |
| alpha2,6-sialylation | Increased | Increased ST6GAL1 expression | Colorectal cancer [DS:H00020] | |||
| Truncated O-glycans (Mucin type) | ||||||
| Tn | G00023 | Overexpression | Downregulated T-synthase expression | Adhesive-ness survival | 〜90% of epithelial cancers Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Colorectal cancer [DS:H00020] Lung cancer [DS:H00013 H00014] Bladder cancer [DS:H00022] Cervical cancer [DS:H00030] Ovarian [DS:H00027] Stomach cancer [DS:H00018] Prostate cancer [DS:H00024] |
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| SialylTn (STn) | G00035 | Higly expressed (rarely observed in normal tissues) | Expression / activity of ST6GALNAC1 | Adhesive-ness survival | 〜90% of epithelial cancers Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Colorectal cancer [DS:H00020] Lung cancer [DS:H00013 H00014] Bladder cancer [DS:H00022] Cervical cancer [DS:H00030] Ovarian [DS:H00027] Stomach cancer [DS:H00018] Prostate cancer [DS:H00024] |
CA54/61(CA546), TAG72 (CA72-4) |
| Thomsen-Friedenreich(T, TF) | G00024 | Accumulation | Downregulated C2GNT and enhanced availability of UDP-galactose | Mestastatic spread | Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Colorectal cancer [DS:H00020] Bladder cancer [DS:H00022] Prostate cancer [DS:H00024] Liver cancer [DS:H00048] Stomach cancer [DS:H00018] |
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| Sialyl-T antigens (sT) | G00026 | Accumulation | Increased ST3GAL1 expression | Involved in oncogenesis | Breast cancer [DS:H00031] | |
| Lewis antigens | ||||||
| Lewis Y/CD174 | G00256 | Overexpression | Increased FUT1 and FUT4 expressions | Upregulated by apoptosis Role in cell migration required for antiogenesis Role in adhesion |
Ovarian cancer [DS:H00027] Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Prostate cancer [DS:H00024] Colorectal cancer [DS:H00020] Lung cancer [DS:H00013 H00014] Embryonal carcinomas [DS:H00023 H00027] Yolk sac tumors [DS:H00023] Seminomas [DS:H00023] |
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| Lewis b | G00263 | Increase | FUT3 overexpression | Ovarian cancer [DS:H00027] | ||
| Sialyl Lewis X (sLex) Sialyl SSEA-1 (SLX) |
G00242 | Enhanced expression | Increased ST3GAL3, ST3GAL4, ST3GAL6, FUT3, FUT4, FUT6 and FUT7 expressions | Role in the invasion and metastasis | Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Ovarian cancer [DS:H00027] Melanoma [DS:H00038] Colorectal cancer [DS:H00020] Liver cancer [DS:H00048] Non-small cell lung cancer [DS:H00014] Prostate cancer [DS:H00024] |
CA15-3/CA27.29, NCC-ST-439, CSLEX |
| Sialyl Lewis A / CA19-9 | G12794 | Enhanced expression | Increased ST3GAL3 and FUT3 expression | Role in the invasion and metastasis | Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Colorectal cancer [DS:H00020] Pancreatic cancer [DS:H00019] Melanoma [DS:H00038] |
CA19-9, CA15-3/CA27.29, CA50, KMO-1, SPan-1 |
| SSEA-1/ Lewis X | G00243 | Enhanced expression | Increased/altered FUT3, FUT4 and FUT9 expressions | Potential role in adhesive interactions involved in tumor metastasis | Colorectal cancer [DS:H00020] Stomach cancer [DS:H00018] Uterine cancer [DS:H00026] Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Ovarian cancer [DS:H00027] Kidney carcinomas [DS:H00021] Transtitional cell carcinomas [DS:H00022] Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [DS:H00003] Bladder cancer [DS:H00022] |
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| Sialyl Lewis c | G00825 | Expression | Increased ST3GAL6 expression | Pancreas cancer [DS:H00019] Gastrointestinal cancer |
CA50, DUPAN-2 | |
| Glycosphingolipids | ||||||
| Globo H | G00099 | Overexpression | FUT1, FUT2 expression | Related to metastatic spread | Small cell lung tumor [DS:H00013] Breast tumor [DS:H00031] Prostate tumor [DS:H00024] Lung tumors [DS:H00013 H00014] Colorectal cancer [DS:H00020] Gastric tumor [DS:H00018] Pancreatic cancer [DS:H00019] Ovarian tumor [DS:H00027] Endometrial tumor [DS:H00026] |
|
| SSEA-3 (Gb5) | G00097 | Increase | B3GALT5 expression | Related to metastatic spread | Testicular [DS:H00023] Lung [DS:H00013 H00014] Breast [DS:H00031] Teratocarcinoma [DS:H00023 H00027] Colorectal cancer [DS:H00020] |
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| SSEA-4 (sialy-Gb5) | G00098 | Increase | ST3GAL2 expression | Correlated with the metastasis and invasion of some malignant tumors | Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Prostate cancer [DS:H00024] Epithelial ovarian carcinoma [DS:H00027] Renal cell carcinoma [DS:H00021] Oral cancer [DS:H00016] Glioblastoma multiforme [DS:H00042] Teratocarcinoma [DS:H00023 H00027] |
SSEA-4 |
| Gb3 (Globotriaose, CD77) | G00093 | overexpression | Increased A4GALT expression | Role in development of metastasis and invasion | Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Ovarian cancer [DS:H00027] Haematological malignancies [DS:H00004 H00005] Astrocytoma tumors [DS:H00042] |
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| Disialosyl-galactosylgloboside (DSGG) | G00181 | Higher expression | ST6GALNAC6 expression | Role in enhancing cell migration | Renal cell carcinoma [DS:H00021] Hepatocellular carcinoma [DS:H00048] |
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| GalNAcDSLc4 | G00189 | Higher expression | Renal cell carcinoma [DS:H00021] | |||
| Fucosyl GM1 | G00166 | More tumor restricted expression | ST3GAL5, B4GALNT1, B3GALT4 and FUT1, FUT2 expressions | Small-cell lung cancer [DS:H00013] | ||
| GD1alpha | G00127 | Overexpression | ST6GALNAC5 expression | Decrease in the interactions between the breast cancer cells and human blood-brain barrier | Breast cancer [DS:H00031] | |
| GD1a | G00111 | Higher expression | ST3GALII expression | Possibly involved in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis | Prostate cancer [DS:H00024] | |
| GD2 | G00114 | Overexpression | ST8SIA1, B4GALNT1 and ST3GAL5 high expressions | Tumor cell attachment to matrices | Melanoma [DS:H00038] Glioma [DS:H00042] Neuroblastoma cells [DS:H00043] Small-cell lung cancer [DS:H00013] Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Ewing sarcoma [DS:H00035] Osteosarcoma [DS:H00036] |
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| GD3 | G00113 | Overexpression | Increased ST8SIA1 expression | Role in the regulation of cell growth angiogenesis tumorcell attachment to matrices | Melanoma [DS:H00038] Glioma [DS:H00042] Neuroblastoma [DS:H00043] |
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| GM2 | G00109 | Overexpression | ST3GAL5 and B4GALNT1 expressions | Role in cellular interactions and adhesion | Melanoma [DS:H00038] Glioma [DS:H00042] Neuroblastoma cells [DS:H00043] |
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| GM3 | G00108 | Higher expression | Possibly involved in initiation and differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cell | Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [DS:H00003] | ||
| de-N-Ac-GM3 | Increase | Role in the metastasis and invasion | Melanoma [DS:H00038] | |||
| NeuGcGM3 | G00258 | Overexpression | CMAHP expression | Decreased CD4 T cell response | Colorectal cancer [DS:H00020] Breast cancer [DS:H00031] Melanoma [DS:H00038] Small cell lung cancer [DS:H00013] Neuroblastoma [DS:H00043] Germ cell tumors [DS:H00023 H00027] |
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| Lc3 | G00036 | Higher expression | B3GNT5 expression | Possibly involved in initiation and differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cell | Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [DS:H00003] | |
| nLc4 | G00050 | Higher expression | Possibly involved in initiation and differentiation of acute myeloid leukemia cell | Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) [DS:H00003] | ||
| 9-O-Ac-GD2 | G00183 | Abundantly expressed | Neuroblastoma [DS:H00043] Small cell lung cancer [DS:H00013] Melanoma [DS:H00038] Renal carcinoma [DS:H00021] |
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| 9-O-Ac-GD3 (CDw60) | G00169 | Abundantly expressed | ST8SIA1 expression | Stimulate cellular growth and suppress cellular differentiation | Malignant melanomas [DS:H00038] Basal cell carcinomas [DS:H00039] Breast cancer [DS:H00031] |
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| 9-O-Ac-GT3 | G00170 | Overexpression | ST8SIA1 expression | Breast cancer [DS:H00031] | ||
| Forssman antigen | G00095 | Positive | A3GALNT expression | Gastric cancer [DS:H00018] Colon cancer [DS:H00020] Lung cancers [DS:H00013 H00014] |
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| Disialyl Lewis a | G13126 | Higher expression | ST6GALNAC6 expression | Colorectal cancer [DS:H00020] | ||
| Sialylparagloboside (SPG) | G00062 | Higher expression | ST3GALVI expression | Potential role in promoting the growth and progression of prostate cancers | Prostate cancer [DS:H00024] | |
| Polysialic acid (PSA) linked to NCAM | G13065 | Overexpression | ST8SIA2, ST8SIA4 expression | Block cell-cell interactions related to cell growth and metastasis | Small cell lung carcer [DS:H00013] Rhabdomyosarcoma [DS:H00037] Wilms' tumor Neuroblastoma glioblastoma multiforme [DS:H00042] |
PSA |