KEGG   PATHWAY: dnm04260
Entry
dnm04260                    Pathway                                
Name
Cardiac muscle contraction - Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo)
Description
Contraction of the heart is a complex process initiated by the electrical excitation of cardiac myocytes (excitation-contraction coupling, ECC). In cardiac myocytes, Ca2+ influx induced by activation of voltage-dependent L-type Ca channels (DHP receptors) upon membrane depolarization triggers the release of Ca2+ via Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine receptors) of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through a Ca2+ -induced Ca release (CICR) mechanism. Ca2+ ions released via the CICR mechanism diffuse through the cytosolic space to contractile proteins to bind to troponinC resulting in the release of inhibition induced by troponinI. The Ca2+ binding to troponinC thereby triggers the sliding of thin and thick filaments, that is, the activation of a crossbridge and subsequent cardiac force development and/or cell shortening. Recovery occurs as Ca2+ is pumped out of the cell by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) or is returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by sarco(endo)plasmic Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) pumps on the non-junctional region of the SR.
Class
Organismal Systems; Circulatory system
Pathway map
dnm04260  Cardiac muscle contraction
dnm04260

Other DBs
GO: 0060048
Organism
Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo) [GN:dnm]
Gene
101410672  [KO:K09290]
101412034  CACNA2D4; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-4 [KO:K04861]
101412104  [KO:K02264]
101412293  CACNG7; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit [KO:K04872]
101412342  ATP1B4; protein ATP1B4 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
101412731  CACNG8; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit [KO:K04873]
101412746  [KO:K00418]
101412798  ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
101413237  [KO:K02270]
101413464  [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
101414536  [KO:K02270]
101414549  SLC8A1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 [KO:K05849]
101415633  ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
101415832  SLC8A2; sodium/calcium exchanger 2 [KO:K05849]
101416281  ATP1A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
101416658  CACNA2D3; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 [KO:K04860]
101416998  [KO:K00419]
101417009  [KO:K02266]
101417556  ATP2A2; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
101418130  [KO:K04871]
101418484  [KO:K04851]
101418666  [KO:K23449]
101418675  CACNB2; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 [KO:K04863]
101418796  [KO:K02270]
101418910  [KO:K00416]
101419806  [KO:K02268]
101420660  ATP2A1; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
101421427  CACNA1F; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853]
101421632  [KO:K02264]
101421700  HRC; sarcoplasmic reticulum histidine-rich calcium-binding protein [KO:K23450]
101422036  CACNG1; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit [KO:K04866]
101422418  CACNG3; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868]
101422478  CACNG4; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit [KO:K04869]
101423259  [KO:K00413]
101423721  [KO:K02271]
101424130  CACNB1; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04862]
101424235  CACNG5; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870]
101425303  [KO:K02265]
101426114  SLC8A3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 [KO:K05849]
101426221  CACNA2D1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 [KO:K04858]
101427164  [KO:K02263]
101427165  CACNB3; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04864]
101427411  [KO:K17751]
101427723  [KO:K00417]
101430732  [KO:K00414]
101430812  SLC9A1; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
101431251  CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S isoform X1 [KO:K04857]
101431301  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X9 [KO:K04850]
101431928  [KO:K10375]
101432149  [KO:K02271]
101432331  ASPH; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase [KO:K00476] [EC:1.14.11.16]
101432714  TNNT2; troponin T, cardiac muscle isoform X1 [KO:K12045]
101432799  TPM1; tropomyosin alpha-1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K10373]
101433033  [KO:K02266]
101433276  [KO:K02264]
101433850  TPM2; tropomyosin beta chain isoform X3 [KO:K10374]
101434544  [KO:K02267]
101434572  [KO:K00417]
101435286  CACNB4; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04865]
101435760  [KO:K02273]
101436332  [KO:K00415]
101436878  MYL4; myosin light chain 4 isoform X1 [KO:K12750]
101438337  [KO:K00420]
101438577  ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
101439679  SLC9A6; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 6 isoform X1 [KO:K12041]
101441240  SLC9A7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/hydrogen exchanger 7 [KO:K12041]
101441300  ATP2A3; sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
101441465  CASQ2; calsequestrin-2 [KO:K23445]
101441500  MYL2; myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform [KO:K10351]
101441607  [KO:K02267]
101442552  CACNA2D2; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 [KO:K04859]
101442595  MYH7; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myosin-7 [KO:K17751]
101443467  ACTC1; actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 [KO:K12314]
101444307  ATP1A4; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
101445509  [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
101445631  [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
101445645  [KO:K02267]
101445739  CACNG2; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit [KO:K04867]
101445839  [KO:K02267]
101446217  TPM3; tropomyosin alpha-3 chain isoform X1 [KO:K09290]
101446249  [KO:K02263]
101446422  MYL3; myosin light chain 3 [KO:K12749]
105745722  TNNI3; troponin I, cardiac muscle [KO:K12044]
105746691  TNNC1; troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles [KO:K05865]
111759679  [KO:K02271]
111763815  [KO:K02268]
111764174  [KO:K02271]
111764248  [KO:K02267]
111766135  [KO:K23449]
111767097  [KO:K02272]
808124  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
808127  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
808131  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
808136  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00238  Potassium cation
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
PMID:17988210
  Authors
Bers DM
  Title
Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 70:23-49 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100455
Reference
PMID:11805843
  Authors
Bers DM
  Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling.
  Journal
Nature 415:198-205 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/415198a
Reference
PMID:16799263
  Authors
Endoh M
  Title
Signal transduction and Ca2+ signaling in intact myocardium.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:525-37 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CPJ06009X
Reference
PMID:18981594
  Authors
Endoh M
  Title
Cardiac Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ sensitizers.
  Journal
Circ J 72:1915-25 (2008)
DOI:10.1253/circj.CJ-08-0838
Reference
PMID:16552170
  Authors
Bers DM, Despa S
  Title
Cardiac myocytes Ca2+ and Na+ regulation in normal and failing hearts.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:315-22 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CPJ06001X
Reference
PMID:10747208
  Authors
Gordon AM, Homsher E, Regnier M
  Title
Regulation of contraction in striated muscle.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 80:853-924 (2000)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.2.853
Reference
PMID:16701909
  Authors
Phrommintikul A, Chattipakorn N
  Title
Roles of cardiac ryanodine receptor in heart failure and sudden cardiac death.
  Journal
Int J Cardiol 112:142-52 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.11.106
Reference
PMID:16096350
  Authors
Lacinova L
  Title
Voltage-dependent calcium channels.
  Journal
Gen Physiol Biophys 24 Suppl 1:1-78 (2005)
Reference
PMID:12763850
  Authors
Lingrel J, Moseley A, Dostanic I, Cougnon M, He S, James P, Woo A, O'Connor K, Neumann J
  Title
Functional roles of the alpha isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 986:354-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07214.x
Reference
PMID:11294886
  Authors
Berg JS, Powell BC, Cheney RE
  Title
A millennial myosin census.
  Journal
Mol Biol Cell 12:780-94 (2001)
DOI:10.1091/mbc.12.4.780
Reference
PMID:15736582
  Authors
Parmacek MS, Solaro RJ
  Title
Biology of the troponin complex in cardiac myocytes.
  Journal
Prog Cardiovasc Dis 47:159-76 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.pcad.2004.07.003
Reference
PMID:14659803
  Authors
Yamashita H, Sugiura S, Fujita H, Yasuda S, Nagai R, Saeki Y, Sunagawa K, Sugi H
  Title
Myosin light chain isoforms modify force-generating ability of cardiac myosin by changing the kinetics of actin-myosin interaction.
  Journal
Cardiovasc Res 60:580-8 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/j.cardiores.2003.09.011
Reference
PMID:19403607
  Authors
Pritchard TJ, Kranias EG
  Title
Junctin and the histidine-rich Ca2+ binding protein: potential roles in heart failure and arrhythmogenesis.
  Journal
J Physiol 587:3125-33 (2009)
DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.172171
Reference
PMID:28596175
  Authors
Landstrom AP, Dobrev D, Wehrens XHT
  Title
Calcium Signaling and Cardiac Arrhythmias.
  Journal
Circ Res 120:1969-1993 (2017)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.310083
Related
pathway
dnm04020  Calcium signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04260   

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