Entry
Name
Cardiac muscle contraction - Colobus angolensis palliatus (Angola colobus)
Description
Contraction of the heart is a complex process initiated by the electrical excitation of cardiac myocytes (excitation-contraction coupling, ECC). In cardiac myocytes, Ca2+ influx induced by activation of voltage-dependent L-type Ca channels (DHP receptors) upon membrane depolarization triggers the release of Ca2+ via Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine receptors) of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through a Ca2+ -induced Ca release (CICR) mechanism. Ca2+ ions released via the CICR mechanism diffuse through the cytosolic space to contractile proteins to bind to troponinC resulting in the release of inhibition induced by troponinI. The Ca2+ binding to troponinC thereby triggers the sliding of thin and thick filaments, that is, the activation of a crossbridge and subsequent cardiac force development and/or cell shortening. Recovery occurs as Ca2+ is pumped out of the cell by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) or is returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by sarco(endo)plasmic Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) pumps on the non-junctional region of the SR.
Class
Organismal Systems; Circulatory system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Colobus angolensis palliatus (Angola colobus) [GN:
cang ]
Gene
105503912 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
105515441 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
105514987 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853 ]
105504320 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
105503132 CACNB1; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04862 ]
105527536 CACNB2; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04863 ]
105507647 CACNB3; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04864 ]
105512569 CACNB4; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04865 ]
105501674 CACNA2D1; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04858 ]
105509667 CACNA2D2; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04859 ]
105515471 CACNA2D3; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 [KO:K04860 ]
105503909 CACNA2D4; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-4 [KO:K04861 ]
105517038 CACNG1; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit [KO:K04866 ]
105527821 CACNG2; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit [KO:K04867 ]
105523449 CACNG3; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868 ]
105503565 CACNG4; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit [KO:K04869 ]
105516254 CACNG5; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870 ]
105524213 CACNG6; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04871 ]
105524212 CACNG7; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit [KO:K04872 ]
105524215 CACNG8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit [KO:K04873 ]
105514779 HRC; sarcoplasmic reticulum histidine-rich calcium-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K23450 ]
105515642 ATP2A3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 [KO:K05853 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
105515052 cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416 ]
105501906 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263 ]
105524728 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263 ]
105524379 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267 ]
105512479 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270 ]
105507432 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02270 ]
105515614 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02271 ]
105523304 ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540 ]
105523625 ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K01540 ]
105505562 ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01540 ]
105501080 FXYD2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma [KO:K01538 ]
Compound
Reference
Authors
Bers DM
Title
Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bers DM
Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Endoh M
Title
Signal transduction and Ca2+ signaling in intact myocardium.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Endoh M
Title
Cardiac Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ sensitizers.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bers DM, Despa S
Title
Cardiac myocytes Ca2+ and Na+ regulation in normal and failing hearts.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gordon AM, Homsher E, Regnier M
Title
Regulation of contraction in striated muscle.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Phrommintikul A, Chattipakorn N
Title
Roles of cardiac ryanodine receptor in heart failure and sudden cardiac death.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lacinova L
Title
Voltage-dependent calcium channels.
Journal
Gen Physiol Biophys 24 Suppl 1:1-78 (2005)
Reference
Authors
Lingrel J, Moseley A, Dostanic I, Cougnon M, He S, James P, Woo A, O'Connor K, Neumann J
Title
Functional roles of the alpha isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berg JS, Powell BC, Cheney RE
Title
A millennial myosin census.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Parmacek MS, Solaro RJ
Title
Biology of the troponin complex in cardiac myocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yamashita H, Sugiura S, Fujita H, Yasuda S, Nagai R, Saeki Y, Sunagawa K, Sugi H
Title
Myosin light chain isoforms modify force-generating ability of cardiac myosin by changing the kinetics of actin-myosin interaction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pritchard TJ, Kranias EG
Title
Junctin and the histidine-rich Ca2+ binding protein: potential roles in heart failure and arrhythmogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Landstrom AP, Dobrev D, Wehrens XHT
Title
Calcium Signaling and Cardiac Arrhythmias.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
LinkDB
All DBs