KEGG   PATHWAY: hai05031
Entry
hai05031                    Pathway                                
Name
Amphetamine addiction - Hipposideros armiger (great roundleaf bat)
Description
Amphetamine is a psychostimulant drug that exerts persistent addictive effects. Most addictive drugs increase extracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA) in nucleus accumbens (NAc) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), projection areas of mesocorticolimbic DA neurons and key components of the "brain reward circuit". Amphetamine achieves this elevation in extracellular levels of DA by promoting efflux from synaptic terminals. Acute administration of amphetamine induces phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and expression of a number of immediate early genes (IEGs), such as c-fos. The IEGs is likely to initiate downstream molecular events, which may have important roles in the induction and maintenance of addictive states. Chronic exposure to amphetamine induces a unique transcription factor delta FosB, which plays an essential role in long-term adaptive changes in the brain.
Class
Human Diseases; Substance dependence
Pathway map
hai05031  Amphetamine addiction
hai05031

Other DBs
GO: 0001975
Organism
Hipposideros armiger (great roundleaf bat) [GN:hai]
Gene
109395916  TH; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase [KO:K00501] [EC:1.14.16.2]
109388356  DDC; aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase [KO:K01593] [EC:4.1.1.28 4.1.1.105]
109382401  SLC18A1; chromaffin granule amine transporter [KO:K08155]
109383017  SLC18A2; synaptic vesicular amine transporter isoform X1 [KO:K08155]
109385886  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
109386506  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
109371679  SLC6A3; sodium-dependent dopamine transporter [KO:K05036]
109388950  CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
109395944  CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
109382502  GRIN1; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 1 [KO:K05208]
109387184  GRIN2A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2A [KO:K05209]
109383120  GRIN2B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2B [KO:K05210]
109383627  GRIN2C; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2C [KO:K05211]
109390975  GRIN2D; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 2D [KO:K05212]
109395037  GRIN3A; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3A [KO:K05213]
109390640  GRIN3B; glutamate receptor ionotropic, NMDA 3B isoform X1 [KO:K05214]
109390802  GRIA1; glutamate receptor 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05197]
109372942  GRIA2; glutamate receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05198]
109390887  GRIA3; glutamate receptor 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05199]
109396577  GRIA4; glutamate receptor 4 isoform X1 [KO:K05200]
109380134  DRD1; D(1A) dopamine receptor [KO:K04144]
109380289  PRKCA; protein kinase C alpha type isoform X1 [KO:K02677] [EC:2.7.11.13]
109386578  PRKCB; protein kinase C beta type isoform X1 [KO:K19662] [EC:2.7.11.13]
109372505  PRKCG; protein kinase C gamma type [KO:K19663] [EC:2.7.11.13]
109384972  STX1A; syntaxin-1A [KO:K04560]
109372542  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
109373019  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
109375001  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
109390284  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
109382670  CALM1; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
109380340  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
109391149  CALML6; calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
109383794  calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
109383796  calmodulin-like [KO:K02183]
109372230  CALM3; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
109389917  CALM2; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
109391534  CAMK4; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV [KO:K05869] [EC:2.7.11.17]
109380071  guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
109380072  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55 [KO:K04632]
109387200  ADCY5; adenylate cyclase type 5 [KO:K08045] [EC:4.6.1.1]
109385440  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
109394225  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
109380840  PPP1R1B; protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 1B [KO:K15494]
109385685  PPP1CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-beta catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109384139  PPP1CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-alpha catalytic subunit [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109386108  PPP1CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1-gamma catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K06269] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109388316  CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05870]
109388738  ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450]
109392248  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
109373471  CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
109393756  CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048]
109388532  CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
109390233  CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
109388636  CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 isoform X1 [KO:K09048]
109381368  CREB5; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047]
109373089  ATF6B; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-6 beta isoform X1 [KO:K09049]
109384368  PDYN; proenkephalin-B [KO:K15840]
109390814  ARC; activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein [KO:K15867]
109381526  FOS; proto-oncogene c-Fos [KO:K04379]
109372443  PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109392365  PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109375958  PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
109379237  PPP3R1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 [KO:K06268]
109371251  JUN; transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
109371257  transcription factor AP-1 [KO:K04448]
109374701  FOSB; protein fosB isoform X1 [KO:K09029]
109371987  SIRT1; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 [KO:K11411] [EC:2.3.1.286]
109391669  HDAC1; histone deacetylase 1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
109384760  HDAC2; histone deacetylase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K06067] [EC:3.5.1.98]
Compound
C00025  L-Glutamate
C00027  Hydrogen peroxide
C00076  Calcium cation
C00082  L-Tyrosine
C00355  3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C01161  3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetate
C01330  Sodium cation
C03758  Dopamine
D07445  Amfetamine (INN)
Reference
PMID:16724157
  Authors
Rajadhyaksha AM, Kosofsky BE
  Title
Psychostimulants, Protein phosphorylation and Gene expression: a growing role of L-type calcium channels.
  Journal
Cellscience 2:127-144 (2005)
DOI:10.1901/jaba.2005.2-127
Reference
PMID:18440072
  Authors
Cunha-Oliveira T, Rego AC, Oliveira CR
  Title
Cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the neurotoxicity of opioid and psychostimulant drugs.
  Journal
Brain Res Rev 58:192-208 (2008)
DOI:10.1016/j.brainresrev.2008.03.002
Reference
PMID:16776597
  Authors
Hyman SE, Malenka RC, Nestler EJ
  Title
Neural mechanisms of addiction: the role of reward-related learning and memory.
  Journal
Annu Rev Neurosci 29:565-98 (2006)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.neuro.29.051605.113009
Reference
PMID:16151049
  Authors
Rajadhyaksha AM, Kosofsky BE
  Title
Psychostimulants, L-type calcium channels, kinases, and phosphatases.
  Journal
Neuroscientist 11:494-502 (2005)
DOI:10.1177/1073858405278236
Reference
PMID:14622123
  Authors
Dudman JT, Eaton ME, Rajadhyaksha A, Macias W, Taher M, Barczak A, Kameyama K, Huganir R, Konradi C
  Title
Dopamine D1 receptors mediate CREB phosphorylation via phosphorylation of the NMDA receptor at Ser897-NR1.
  Journal
J Neurochem 87:922-34 (2003)
DOI:10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.02067.x
Reference
PMID:10414964
  Authors
Rajadhyaksha A, Barczak A, Macias W, Leveque JC, Lewis SE, Konradi C
  Title
L-Type Ca(2+) channels are essential for glutamate-mediated CREB phosphorylation and c-fos gene expression in striatal neurons.
  Journal
J Neurosci 19:6348-59 (1999)
DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.19-15-06348.1999
Reference
PMID:8753884
  Authors
Konradi C, Leveque JC, Hyman SE
  Title
Amphetamine and dopamine-induced immediate early gene expression in striatal neurons depends on postsynaptic NMDA receptors and calcium.
  Journal
J Neurosci 16:4231-9 (1996)
DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-13-04231.1996
Reference
PMID:10774721
  Authors
Berke JD, Hyman SE
  Title
Addiction, dopamine, and the molecular mechanisms of memory.
  Journal
Neuron 25:515-32 (2000)
DOI:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)81056-9
Reference
PMID:17728700
  Authors
McClung CA, Nestler EJ
  Title
Neuroplasticity mediated by altered gene expression.
  Journal
Neuropsychopharmacology 33:3-17 (2008)
DOI:10.1038/sj.npp.1301544
Reference
PMID:14746512
  Authors
Chao J, Nestler EJ
  Title
Molecular neurobiology of drug addiction.
  Journal
Annu Rev Med 55:113-32 (2004)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.med.55.091902.103730
Reference
PMID:19199083
  Authors
Robertson SD, Matthies HJ, Galli A
  Title
A closer look at amphetamine-induced reverse transport and trafficking of the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters.
  Journal
Mol Neurobiol 39:73-80 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/s12035-009-8053-4
Reference
PMID:18617632
  Authors
Binda F, Dipace C, Bowton E, Robertson SD, Lute BJ, Fog JU, Zhang M, Sen N, Colbran RJ, Gnegy ME, Gether U, Javitch JA, Erreger K, Galli A
  Title
Syntaxin 1A interaction with the dopamine transporter promotes amphetamine-induced dopamine efflux.
  Journal
Mol Pharmacol 74:1101-8 (2008)
DOI:10.1124/mol.108.048447
Reference
PMID:21338876
  Authors
Sulzer D
  Title
How addictive drugs disrupt presynaptic dopamine neurotransmission.
  Journal
Neuron 69:628-49 (2011)
DOI:10.1016/j.neuron.2011.02.010
Reference
PMID:8630246
  Authors
Hyman SE
  Title
Addiction to cocaine and amphetamine.
  Journal
Neuron 16:901-4 (1996)
DOI:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80111-7
Reference
PMID:18632938
  Authors
Renthal W, Carle TL, Maze I, Covington HE 3rd, Truong HT, Alibhai I, Kumar A, Montgomery RL, Olson EN, Nestler EJ
  Title
Delta FosB mediates epigenetic desensitization of the c-fos gene after chronic amphetamine exposure.
  Journal
J Neurosci 28:7344-9 (2008)
DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1043-08.2008
Reference
PMID:21989194
  Authors
Robison AJ, Nestler EJ
  Title
Transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of addiction.
  Journal
Nat Rev Neurosci 12:623-37 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/nrn3111
Reference
PMID:14529709
  Authors
Snyder GL, Galdi S, Fienberg AA, Allen P, Nairn AC, Greengard P
  Title
Regulation of AMPA receptor dephosphorylation by glutamate receptor agonists.
  Journal
Neuropharmacology 45:703-13 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/S0028-3908(03)00319-8
Reference
PMID:19222557
  Authors
Banerjee PS, Aston J, Khundakar AA, Zetterstrom TS
  Title
Differential regulation of psychostimulant-induced gene expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor and the immediate-early gene Arc in the juvenile and adult brain.
  Journal
Eur J Neurosci 29:465-76 (2009)
DOI:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06601.x
Related
pathway
hai04728  Dopaminergic synapse
KO pathway
ko05031   
LinkDB

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