KEGG   PATHWAY: malb04260
Entry
malb04260                   Pathway                                
Name
Cardiac muscle contraction - Monopterus albus (swamp eel)
Description
Contraction of the heart is a complex process initiated by the electrical excitation of cardiac myocytes (excitation-contraction coupling, ECC). In cardiac myocytes, Ca2+ influx induced by activation of voltage-dependent L-type Ca channels (DHP receptors) upon membrane depolarization triggers the release of Ca2+ via Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine receptors) of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through a Ca2+ -induced Ca release (CICR) mechanism. Ca2+ ions released via the CICR mechanism diffuse through the cytosolic space to contractile proteins to bind to troponinC resulting in the release of inhibition induced by troponinI. The Ca2+ binding to troponinC thereby triggers the sliding of thin and thick filaments, that is, the activation of a crossbridge and subsequent cardiac force development and/or cell shortening. Recovery occurs as Ca2+ is pumped out of the cell by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) or is returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by sarco(endo)plasmic Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) pumps on the non-junctional region of the SR.
Class
Organismal Systems; Circulatory system
Pathway map
malb04260  Cardiac muscle contraction
malb04260

Other DBs
GO: 0060048
Organism
Monopterus albus (swamp eel) [GN:malb]
Gene
109959866  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C-like isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
109951925  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D-like [KO:K04851]
109970859  cacna1d; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
109953071  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F-like isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
109968827  cacna1s; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
109963145  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1-like [KO:K04862]
109955415  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3-like [KO:K04863]
109951756  cacnb2; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04863]
109966068  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3-like isoform X1 [KO:K04864]
109971856  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04864]
109960559  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4-like isoform X1 [KO:K04865]
109974011  cacnb4; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04865]
109959825  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1-like isoform X1 [KO:K04858]
109967519  cacna2d1; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04858]
109959020  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2-like [KO:K04859]
109952382  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2-like [KO:K04859]
109951927  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3-like [KO:K04860]
109971450  cacna2d3; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04860]
109956360  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-4-like [KO:K04861]
109971996  cacng1; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit [KO:K04866]
109969450  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit-like [KO:K04866]
109963119  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit [KO:K04867]
109975051  cacng2; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit [KO:K04867]
109958934  cacng3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868]
109968232  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit-like [KO:K04868]
109971995  cacng4; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit [KO:K04869]
109969519  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit-like [KO:K04869]
109971991  cacng5; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870]
109971527  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870]
109968888  cacng6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit [KO:K04871]
109970192  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit-like [KO:K04871]
109968895  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit-like isoform X1 [KO:K04872]
109970171  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit-like [KO:K04872]
109968892  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit-like [KO:K04873]
109970234  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit-like isoform X1 [KO:K04873]
109960630  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ryanodine receptor 2-like [KO:K04962]
109966672  ryr2; ryanodine receptor 2 isoform X1 [KO:K04962]
109971402  aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase-like [KO:K00476] [EC:1.14.11.16]
109972756  aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase-like isoform X1 [KO:K00476] [EC:1.14.11.16]
109955731  calsequestrin-2-like [KO:K23445]
109951371  calsequestrin-2-like [KO:K23445]
109953113  triadin-like [KO:K23449]
109963518  sarcoplasmic reticulum histidine-rich calcium-binding protein-like [KO:K23450]
109959651  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
109965628  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
109975007  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2-like [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
109958857  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
109967046  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
109973632  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
109965287  troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles-like [KO:K05865]
109966078  troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles [KO:K05865]
109961028  troponin T, cardiac muscle-like [KO:K12045]
109969596  troponin T, cardiac muscle isoforms-like isoform X1 [KO:K12045]
109966604  tpm1; tropomyosin alpha-1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K10373]
109960752  tropomyosin beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K10374]
109954522  tropomyosin alpha-4 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K09290]
109974565  tropomyosin alpha-3 chain-like [KO:K09290]
109970852  tropomyosin alpha-4 chain-like [KO:K09290]
109955456  tropomyosin alpha-1 chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K10375]
109967418  tpm4; tropomyosin alpha-4 chain isoform X1 [KO:K10375]
109951638  actin, alpha cardiac-like [KO:K12314]
109962396  actin, alpha cardiac [KO:K12314]
109954531  actin, alpha skeletal muscle [KO:K12314]
109974803  actin, alpha cardiac-like [KO:K12314]
109974384  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myosin-7-like [KO:K17751]
109974385  myosin-7-like [KO:K17751]
109955954  myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform [KO:K10351]
109959694  myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform [KO:K10351]
109955390  myosin light chain 4-like [KO:K12749]
109960656  myosin light chain 4-like [KO:K12750]
109972666  myosin light chain 4-like [KO:K12750]
109961859  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
803941  CYTB; cytochrome b [KO:K00412]
109974777  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00413]
109969197  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00415]
109971545  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00415]
109964054  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00416]
109969336  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00416]
109963884  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 [KO:K00417]
109971178  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 [KO:K00418]
109970824  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 [KO:K00419]
109969339  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10-like [KO:K00420]
803939  COX3; cytochrome c oxidase subunit III [KO:K02262]
803937  COX1; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [KO:K02256] [EC:7.1.1.9]
803940  COX2; cytochrome c oxidase subunit II [KO:K02261]
109974136  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K02263]
109965540  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
109969944  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
109974104  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02264]
109953136  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02265]
109953137  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02265]
109960554  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02265]
109954847  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02266]
109963118  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02266]
109963550  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
109970203  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 [KO:K02267]
109952608  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C-1 [KO:K02268]
109962984  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
109973032  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
109973272  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02270]
109971302  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
109959258  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
109956985  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
109971983  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
109961073  slc8a1; sodium/calcium exchanger 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
109960408  sodium/calcium exchanger 1-like [KO:K05849]
109952170  sodium/calcium exchanger 2-like isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
109973382  slc8a3; sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
109973759  sodium/calcium exchanger 2-like [KO:K05849]
109971832  sodium/calcium exchanger 1-like isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
109965816  sodium/calcium exchanger 1-like [KO:K05849]
109957483  slc9a6; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 6 [KO:K12041]
109962085  slc9a7; sodium/hydrogen exchanger 7 isoform X1 [KO:K12041]
109960010  sodium/hydrogen exchanger 6-like [KO:K12041]
109971950  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1-like [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
109971953  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
109971968  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
109974490  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2-like [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
109966232  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
109970717  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
109952758  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-233-like [KO:K01540]
109956392  atp1b4; protein ATP1B4 [KO:K01540]
109951970  atp1b3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
109959553  atp1b2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
109965735  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-233-like [KO:K01540]
109954622  Na(+)/H(+) exchanger beta-like isoform X1 [KO:K05742]
109958593  Na(+)/H(+) exchanger beta-like [KO:K05742]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00238  Potassium cation
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
PMID:17988210
  Authors
Bers DM
  Title
Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 70:23-49 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100455
Reference
PMID:11805843
  Authors
Bers DM
  Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling.
  Journal
Nature 415:198-205 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/415198a
Reference
PMID:16799263
  Authors
Endoh M
  Title
Signal transduction and Ca2+ signaling in intact myocardium.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:525-37 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CPJ06009X
Reference
PMID:18981594
  Authors
Endoh M
  Title
Cardiac Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ sensitizers.
  Journal
Circ J 72:1915-25 (2008)
DOI:10.1253/circj.CJ-08-0838
Reference
PMID:16552170
  Authors
Bers DM, Despa S
  Title
Cardiac myocytes Ca2+ and Na+ regulation in normal and failing hearts.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:315-22 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CPJ06001X
Reference
PMID:10747208
  Authors
Gordon AM, Homsher E, Regnier M
  Title
Regulation of contraction in striated muscle.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 80:853-924 (2000)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.2.853
Reference
PMID:16701909
  Authors
Phrommintikul A, Chattipakorn N
  Title
Roles of cardiac ryanodine receptor in heart failure and sudden cardiac death.
  Journal
Int J Cardiol 112:142-52 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.11.106
Reference
PMID:16096350
  Authors
Lacinova L
  Title
Voltage-dependent calcium channels.
  Journal
Gen Physiol Biophys 24 Suppl 1:1-78 (2005)
Reference
PMID:12763850
  Authors
Lingrel J, Moseley A, Dostanic I, Cougnon M, He S, James P, Woo A, O'Connor K, Neumann J
  Title
Functional roles of the alpha isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 986:354-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07214.x
Reference
PMID:11294886
  Authors
Berg JS, Powell BC, Cheney RE
  Title
A millennial myosin census.
  Journal
Mol Biol Cell 12:780-94 (2001)
DOI:10.1091/mbc.12.4.780
Reference
PMID:15736582
  Authors
Parmacek MS, Solaro RJ
  Title
Biology of the troponin complex in cardiac myocytes.
  Journal
Prog Cardiovasc Dis 47:159-76 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.pcad.2004.07.003
Reference
PMID:14659803
  Authors
Yamashita H, Sugiura S, Fujita H, Yasuda S, Nagai R, Saeki Y, Sunagawa K, Sugi H
  Title
Myosin light chain isoforms modify force-generating ability of cardiac myosin by changing the kinetics of actin-myosin interaction.
  Journal
Cardiovasc Res 60:580-8 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/j.cardiores.2003.09.011
Reference
PMID:19403607
  Authors
Pritchard TJ, Kranias EG
  Title
Junctin and the histidine-rich Ca2+ binding protein: potential roles in heart failure and arrhythmogenesis.
  Journal
J Physiol 587:3125-33 (2009)
DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.172171
Reference
PMID:28596175
  Authors
Landstrom AP, Dobrev D, Wehrens XHT
  Title
Calcium Signaling and Cardiac Arrhythmias.
  Journal
Circ Res 120:1969-1993 (2017)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.310083
Related
pathway
malb04020  Calcium signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04260   
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