KEGG   PATHWAY: mtr00270
Entry
mtr00270                    Pathway                                
Name
Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Medicago truncatula (barrel medic)
Description
Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
mtr00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
mtr00270

Module
mtr_M00021  Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:mtr00270]
mtr_M00034  Methionine salvage pathway [PATH:mtr00270]
mtr_M00368  Ethylene biosynthesis, methionine => ethylene [PATH:mtr00270]
Other DBs
GO: 0006534 0006555
Organism
Medicago truncatula (barrel medic) [GN:mtr]
Gene
25500751  serine acetyltransferase 5 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
11409367  serine acetyltransferase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
25489102  serine acetyltransferase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
11436677  serine acetyltransferase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]
11443458  cysteine synthase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
11445175  cysteine synthase, chloroplastic/chromoplastic isoform X1 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
11445174  cysteine synthase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
11441090  cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
11436130  cysteine synthase 2 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
11410728  cysteine synthase isoform X1 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
11410729  cysteine synthase isoform X3 [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
25484655  cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
25485205  cysteine synthase [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]
11436945  bifunctional L-3-cyanoalanine synthase/cysteine synthase 1, mitochondrial [KO:K13034] [EC:2.5.1.47 4.4.1.9]
25483994  cystathionine beta-lyase, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K01760] [EC:4.4.1.13]
25499146  selenocysteine methyltransferase [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
11422561  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
25485172  homocysteine S-methyltransferase 3 [KO:K00547] [EC:2.1.1.10]
11442193  5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-- homocysteine methyltransferase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
11439549  5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-- homocysteine methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
25495847  5-methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-- homocysteine methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00549] [EC:2.1.1.14]
11435308  S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
11444997  S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
25486640  S-adenosylmethionine synthase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
25483956  S-adenosylmethionine synthase 3 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
11432371  S-adenosylmethionine synthase 3 [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]
11437834  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme 4 [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
25497643  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
25497645  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme-like [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
25501498  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
25479432  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
25480154  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
25497644  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme-like [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
11415164  S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase proenzyme 4 [KO:K01611] [EC:4.1.1.50]
11417417  spermine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
25501297  spermidine synthase 2 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
25489544  spermidine synthase 1 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
11405952  spermidine synthase 1 [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
25482358  spermine synthase [KO:K00797] [EC:2.5.1.16]
11412482  nicotianamine synthase [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
25499657  nicotianamine synthase [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
25487054  nicotianamine synthase [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
11405947  nicotianamine synthase [KO:K05953] [EC:2.5.1.43]
11418454  5'-methylthioadenosine/S-adenosylhomocysteine nucleosidase [KO:K01244] [EC:3.2.2.16]
25485383  methylthioribose kinase [KO:K00899] [EC:2.7.1.100]
11438158  methylthioribose-1-phosphate isomerase [KO:K08963] [EC:5.3.1.23]
25487335  probable bifunctional methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase/enolase-phosphatase E1 [KO:K16054] [EC:4.2.1.109 3.1.3.77]
25485141  1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase 2 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
25485143  1,2-dihydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentene dioxygenase 1 [KO:K08967] [EC:1.13.11.53 1.13.11.54]
11408345  probable N-succinyldiaminopimelate aminotransferase DapC [KO:K23977] [EC:2.6.1.117]
11411394  probable N-succinyldiaminopimelate aminotransferase DapC [KO:K23977] [EC:2.6.1.117]
11406369  probable aminotransferase TAT2 isoform X1 [KO:K00815] [EC:2.6.1.5]
25491374  aromatic aminotransferase ISS1 [KO:K00837] [EC:2.6.1.-]
11435964  methionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01761] [EC:4.4.1.11]
25484569  methionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01761] [EC:4.4.1.11]
25486610  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
25501554  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT2 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
25497416  putative DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
25496175  putative DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
11408961  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
25491491  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT3 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
25496870  putative DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
25496971  DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT3 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
11416506  putative DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase CMT1 [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]
11431307  uncharacterized protein LOC11431307 [KO:K17398] [EC:2.1.1.37]
11406131  adenosylhomocysteinase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
11444163  adenosylhomocysteinase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]
25500828  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 1 [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
25502108  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
11426537  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 1 [KO:K20772] [EC:4.4.1.14]
11412189  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 7-like [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
25502257  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 7 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
11419695  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 3 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
25493538  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase CMA101 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
25490003  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 9 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
11435609  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase 7 [KO:K01762] [EC:4.4.1.14]
11445019  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
11437005  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
25494301  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase-like [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
25489703  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 5 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
11425703  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
11435929  1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase 1 [KO:K05933] [EC:1.14.17.4]
25495901  aspartokinase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
11438559  aspartokinase 1, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]
11410334  bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
11442481  bifunctional aspartokinase/homoserine dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K12524] [EC:2.7.2.4 1.1.1.3]
11415757  aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]
11427680  cystathionine gamma-synthase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]
11406997  cystathionine gamma-synthase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]
11408371  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
11410393  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 6 [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
11434910  branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
25490006  branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]
11442560  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 1, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
25490994  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
11433125  alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2 homolog 3, mitochondrial [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
11441054  glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic-like isoform X1 [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
11442621  glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
11437224  glutamate--cysteine ligase, chloroplastic-like [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]
11425656  glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
11423166  glutathione synthetase, chloroplastic [KO:K21456] [EC:6.3.2.3]
25490097  aspartate aminotransferase 1 [KO:K14454] [EC:2.6.1.1]
11419383  aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K14455] [EC:2.6.1.1]
11408458  aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K14455] [EC:2.6.1.1]
25481947  aspartate aminotransferase P2, mitochondrial [KO:K00811] [EC:2.6.1.1]
25486951  thiosulfate/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase 2 [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]
11406365  L-lactate dehydrogenase A [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
11427630  L-lactate dehydrogenase B [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
11412403  putative D-cysteine desulfhydrase 1, mitochondrial [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
11417612  D-cysteine desulfhydrase 2, mitochondrial [KO:K05396] [EC:4.4.1.15]
11432056  probable L-cysteine desulfhydrase, chloroplastic [KO:K22207] [EC:4.4.1.28]
11407630  L-cysteine desulfhydrase [KO:K22207] [EC:4.4.1.28]
25485791  probable L-cysteine desulfhydrase, chloroplastic isoform X1 [KO:K22207] [EC:4.4.1.28]
11436578  malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
11430390  malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
25484448  malate dehydrogenase [KO:K00025] [EC:1.1.1.37]
25502524  malate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
11405683  malate dehydrogenase 2, peroxisomal [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
11420535  malate dehydrogenase, glyoxysomal [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
120580136  malate dehydrogenase, chloroplastic [KO:K00026] [EC:1.1.1.37]
11438453  S-sulfo-L-cysteine synthase (O-acetyl-L-serine-dependent), chloroplastic [KO:K22846] [EC:2.5.1.144]
11434383  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
25485421  D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase 1, chloroplastic [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
11443166  phosphoserine aminotransferase 2, chloroplastic [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
Compound
C00019  S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
C00021  S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
C00022  Pyruvate
C00041  L-Alanine
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00051  Glutathione
C00059  Sulfate
C00065  L-Serine
C00073  L-Methionine
C00094  Sulfite
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00155  L-Homocysteine
C00170  5'-Methylthioadenosine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00283  Hydrogen sulfide
C00409  Methanethiol
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00491  L-Cystine
C00506  L-Cysteate
C00606  3-Sulfino-L-alanine
C00793  D-Cysteine
C00957  Mercaptopyruvate
C00979  O-Acetyl-L-serine
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01077  O-Acetyl-L-homoserine
C01118  O-Succinyl-L-homoserine
C01137  S-Adenosylmethioninamine
C01180  4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid
C01234  1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate
C01817  L-Homocystine
C01962  Thiocysteine
C02218  Dehydroalanine
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02356  (S)-2-Aminobutanoate
C02989  L-Methionine S-oxide
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03089  5-Methylthio-D-ribose
C03145  N-Formylmethionine
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03431  S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine
C03539  S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine
C04188  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate
C04582  S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate
C05324  Nicotianamine
C05524  Aminoacyl-L-methionine
C05526  S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine
C05527  3-Sulfinylpyruvate
C05528  3-Sulfopyruvate
C05823  3-Mercaptolactate
C05824  S-Sulfo-L-cysteine
C06547  Ethylene
C08276  3-(Methylthio)propanoate
C09306  Sulfur dioxide
C11437  1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
C11481  HSO3-
C11499  (S)-3-Sulfolactate
C11537  (2R)-3-Sulfolactate
C15606  1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one
C15650  2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate
C15651  2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate
C18049  N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone
C19787  5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine
C21015  gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate
C21016  Ophthalmate
C22359  S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate
Reference
PMID:15102328
  Authors
Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A
  Title
Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9
Reference
PMID:14551435
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.
  Title
A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.
  Journal
Science 302:286-90 (2003)
DOI:10.1126/science.1086997
Reference
PMID:12022921
  Authors
Sekowska A, Danchin A.
  Title
The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8
Reference
PMID:12670965
  Authors
Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.
  Title
Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003
Reference
PMID:17169919
  Authors
Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD
  Title
Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.
  Journal
Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055
Reference
PMID:17030798
  Authors
Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S
  Title
Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.
  Journal
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103
Reference
PMID:18625006
  Authors
Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E
  Title
A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.
  Journal
FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x
Reference
PMID:18391471
  Authors
Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A
  Title
Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.
  Journal
Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651
Reference
PMID:10613873
  Authors
Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D
  Title
Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?
  Journal
J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000
Reference
PMID:12644499
  Authors
Mino K, Ishikawa K
  Title
Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003
Reference
PMID:18520135
  Authors
Tanabe S
  Title
Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.
  Journal
Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:19270684
  Authors
Gutierrez JA, Crowder T, Rinaldo-Matthis A, Ho MC, Almo SC, Schramm VL
  Title
Transition state analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine nucleosidase disrupt quorum sensing.
  Journal
Nat Chem Biol 5:251-7 (2009)
DOI:10.1038/nchembio.153
Related
pathway
mtr00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
mtr00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
mtr00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
mtr00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
mtr00430  Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism
mtr00480  Glutathione metabolism
mtr00620  Pyruvate metabolism
mtr00640  Propanoate metabolism
mtr00770  Pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis
mtr00900  Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis
mtr00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00270   
LinkDB

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