KEGG   PATHWAY: pcoq04922
Entry
pcoq04922                   Pathway                                
Name
Glucagon signaling pathway - Propithecus coquereli (Coquerel's sifaka)
Description
Glucagon is conventionally regarded as a counterregulatory hormone for insulin and plays a critical anti-hypoglycemic role by maintaining glucose homeostasis in both animals and humans. To increase blood glucose, glucagon promotes hepatic glucose output by increasing glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and by decreasing glycogenesis and glycolysis in a concerted fashion via multiple mechanisms. Glucagon also stimulates hepatic mitochondrial beta-oxidation to supply energy for glucose production. Glucagon performs its main effect via activation of adenylate cyclase. The adenylate-cyclase-derived cAMP activates protein kinase A (PKA), which then phosphorylates downstream targets, such as cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) and the bifunctional enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/ fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (one of the isoforms being PFK/FBPase 1, encoded by PFKFB1).
Class
Organismal Systems; Endocrine system
Pathway map
pcoq04922  Glucagon signaling pathway
pcoq04922

Organism
Propithecus coquereli (Coquerel's sifaka) [GN:pcoq]
Gene
105820591  AKT2; RAC-beta serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105812606  AKT1; RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105810397  AKT3; RAC-gamma serine/threonine-protein kinase isoform X1 [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105818235  PDE3B; cGMP-inhibited 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase B [KO:K13296] [EC:3.1.4.17]
105819562  GCG; glucagon [KO:K05259]
105820003  GCGR; glucagon receptor [KO:K04583]
105820083  neuroendocrine secretory protein 55-like [KO:K04632]
105820084  GNAS; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(s) subunit alpha isoforms XLas isoform X1 [KO:K04632]
105821322  ADCY2; adenylate cyclase type 2 [KO:K08042] [EC:4.6.1.1]
105823839  PRKACB; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105807940  PRKACA; cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform X1 [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
105823945  CREB1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 1 [KO:K05870]
105815570  ATF2; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04450]
105805232  ATF4; cyclic AMP-dependent transcription factor ATF-4 [KO:K04374]
105820021  CREB3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3 [KO:K09048]
105821904  CREB3L4; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 4 [KO:K09048]
105811984  CREB3L3; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 3 [KO:K09048]
105809025  CREB3L2; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 2 [KO:K09048]
105811104  CREB3L1; cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 3-like protein 1 [KO:K09048]
105807372  cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding protein 5 isoform X1 [KO:K09047]
105820267  SMEK1; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 4 regulatory subunit 3A [KO:K17491]
105814777  SMEK2; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 4 regulatory subunit 3B isoform X1 [KO:K17491]
105823108  PPP4C; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 4 catalytic subunit isoform X1 [KO:K15423] [EC:3.1.3.16]
105821908  CRTC2; CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 2 isoform X1 [KO:K16333]
105822254  SIK2; serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK2 [KO:K16311] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105813122  CREBBP; CREB-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
105805288  EP300; histone acetyltransferase p300 [KO:K04498] [EC:2.3.1.48]
105826255  PPARGC1A; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07202]
105822918  SIK1; serine/threonine-protein kinase SIK1 isoform X1 [KO:K19008] [EC:2.7.11.1]
105815495  GNAQ; guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(q) subunit alpha [KO:K04634]
105827297  PLCB3; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105806167  PLCB1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105806182  PLCB4; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105814456  PLCB2; 1-phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate phosphodiesterase beta-2 [KO:K05858] [EC:3.1.4.11]
105812706  ITPR1; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 isoform X1 [KO:K04958]
105807599  ITPR2; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 2 [KO:K04959]
105821681  ITPR3; inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 [KO:K04960]
105825283  PPP3CC; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit gamma isoform [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
105825498  PPP3CB; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform isoform X1 [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
105821611  PPP3CA; serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit alpha isoform [KO:K04348] [EC:3.1.3.16]
105812112  PPP3R1; calcineurin subunit B type 1 [KO:K06268]
105805391  PPP3R2; calcineurin subunit B type 2 [KO:K06268]
105818927  CAMK2D; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit delta [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105825452  CAMK2G; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit gamma [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105821522  CAMK2A; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit alpha [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105812493  CAMK2B; calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II subunit beta isoform X1 [KO:K04515] [EC:2.7.11.17]
105809929  FOXO1; forkhead box protein O1 [KO:K07201]
105821946  SIRT1; NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-1 isoform X1 [KO:K11411] [EC:2.3.1.286]
105819376  PPARA; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha isoform X1 [KO:K07294]
105809373  PRMT1; protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K11434] [EC:2.1.1.319]
105820265  G6PC; glucose-6-phosphatase isoform X1 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
105822129  G6PC3; glucose-6-phosphatase 3 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
105815560  G6PC2; glucose-6-phosphatase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K01084] [EC:3.1.3.9]
105820091  PCK1; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, cytosolic [GTP] [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
105812744  PCK2; phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase [GTP], mitochondrial [KO:K01596] [EC:4.1.1.32]
105826795  CPT1A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, liver isoform [KO:K08765] [EC:2.3.1.21]
105813938  CPT1B; carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, muscle isoform [KO:K19523] [EC:2.3.1.21]
105809371  CPT1C; carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1, brain isoform isoform X1 [KO:K19524] [EC:2.3.1.21]
105807559  GYS2; glycogen [starch] synthase, liver [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
105809313  GYS1; glycogen [starch] synthase, muscle isoform X1 [KO:K00693] [EC:2.4.1.11]
105818085  PHKB; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit beta [KO:K07190]
105809108  PHKA1; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, skeletal muscle isoform [KO:K07190]
105816319  PHKA2; phosphorylase b kinase regulatory subunit alpha, liver isoform isoform X1 [KO:K07190]
105823136  PHKG2; phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, liver/testis isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00871] [EC:2.7.11.19]
105807036  PHKG1; phosphorylase b kinase gamma catalytic chain, skeletal muscle/heart isoform isoform X1 [KO:K00871] [EC:2.7.11.19]
105820913  CALML6; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: calmodulin-like protein 6 [KO:K02183]
105826829  CALML4; calmodulin-like protein 4 isoform X1 [KO:K02183]
105826912  CALML3; calmodulin-like protein 3 [KO:K02183]
105826917  CALML5; calmodulin-like protein 5 [KO:K02183]
105807119  CALM1; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
105805895  CALM2; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
105817634  CALM3; calmodulin [KO:K02183]
105818907  PYGB; glycogen phosphorylase, brain form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
105825883  PYGL; glycogen phosphorylase, liver form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
105827378  PYGM; glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form [KO:K00688] [EC:2.4.1.1]
105824256  PFKFB1; 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2, 6-bisphosphatase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K19028] [EC:2.7.1.105 3.1.3.46]
105806302  PRKAA2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-2 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
105814830  PRKAA1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
105815079  PRKAB1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-1 [KO:K07199]
105809631  PRKAB2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit beta-2 [KO:K07199]
105824627  PRKAG2; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-2 [KO:K07200]
105808834  PRKAG3; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-3 [KO:K07200]
105817615  PRKAG1; 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase subunit gamma-1 [KO:K07200]
105813836  ACACA; acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 [KO:K11262] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15]
105815036  ACACB; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 [KO:K01946] [EC:6.4.1.2 6.3.4.14 2.1.3.15]
105812310  SLC2A1; solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 1 [KO:K07299]
105806978  SLC2A2; solute carrier family 2, facilitated glucose transporter member 2 [KO:K07593]
105812466  GCK; glucokinase [KO:K12407] [EC:2.7.1.2]
105822391  fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1-like [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
105822397  FBP2; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase isozyme 2 [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
105806836  FBP1; fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 [KO:K03841] [EC:3.1.3.11]
105824150  PFKL; ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, liver type [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11]
105826920  PFKP; ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, platelet type [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11]
105805544  PFKM; ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, muscle type [KO:K00850] [EC:2.7.1.11]
105818477  PGAM1; phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
105812477  PGAM2; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
105807246  PKM; pyruvate kinase PKM [KO:K00873] [EC:2.7.1.40]
105812678  PDHA2; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, testis-specific form, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00161] [EC:1.2.4.1]
105816316  PDHA1; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha, somatic form, mitochondrial [KO:K00161] [EC:1.2.4.1]
105826852  PDHB; pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial [KO:K00162] [EC:1.2.4.1]
105819985  L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain-like [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
105825556  L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain-like [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
105826436  L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain isoform X1 [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
105806791  L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
105812373  L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6B [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
105818307  LDHA; L-lactate dehydrogenase A chain isoform X1 [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
105818312  LDHAL6A; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: L-lactate dehydrogenase A-like 6A [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
105807558  LDHB; L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
105817330  L-lactate dehydrogenase B chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K00016] [EC:1.1.1.27]
Compound
C00022  Pyruvate
C00024  Acetyl-CoA
C00026  2-Oxoglutarate
C00031  D-Glucose
C00036  Oxaloacetate
C00040  Acyl-CoA
C00042  Succinate
C00074  Phosphoenolpyruvate
C00076  Calcium cation
C00083  Malonyl-CoA
C00085  D-Fructose 6-phosphate
C00103  D-Glucose 1-phosphate
C00122  Fumarate
C00149  (S)-Malate
C00158  Citrate
C00182  Glycogen
C00186  (S)-Lactate
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00311  Isocitrate
C00354  D-Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
C00575  3',5'-Cyclic AMP
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00665  beta-D-Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
C00668  alpha-D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C01172  beta-D-Glucose 6-phosphate
C01245  D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:12626323
  Authors
Jiang G, Zhang BB
  Title
Glucagon and regulation of glucose metabolism.
  Journal
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 284:E671-8 (2003)
DOI:10.1152/ajpendo.00492.2002
Reference
PMID:24692138
  Authors
Rui L
  Title
Energy metabolism in the liver.
  Journal
Compr Physiol 4:177-97 (2014)
DOI:10.1002/cphy.c130024
Reference
PMID:22004992
  Authors
Jitrapakdee S
  Title
Transcription factors and coactivators controlling nutrient and hormonal regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 44:33-45 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2011.10.001
Reference
PMID:16601267
  Authors
Desvergne B, Michalik L, Wahli W.
  Title
Transcriptional regulation of metabolism.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 86:465-514 (2006)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.00025.2005
Reference
PMID:22550228
  Authors
Hardie DG
  Title
Organismal carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis.
  Journal
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 4:a006031 (2012)
DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a006031
Reference
PMID:22796337
  Authors
Hasenour CM, Berglund ED, Wasserman DH
  Title
Emerging role of AMP-activated protein kinase in endocrine control of metabolism in the liver.
  Journal
Mol Cell Endocrinol 366:152-62 (2013)
DOI:10.1016/j.mce.2012.06.018
Reference
PMID:18669612
  Authors
Quesada I, Tuduri E, Ripoll C, Nadal A
  Title
Physiology of the pancreatic alpha-cell and glucagon secretion: role in glucose homeostasis and diabetes.
  Journal
J Endocrinol 199:5-19 (2008)
DOI:10.1677/JOE-08-0290
Reference
PMID:24238363
  Authors
Oh KJ, Han HS, Kim MJ, Koo SH
  Title
CREB and FoxO1: two transcription factors for the regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis.
  Journal
BMB Rep 46:567-74 (2013)
DOI:10.5483/BMBRep.2013.46.12.248
Reference
PMID:16479585
  Authors
Cheng A, Saltiel AR
  Title
More TORC for the gluconeogenic engine.
  Journal
Bioessays 28:231-4 (2006)
DOI:10.1002/bies.20375
Reference
PMID:21346730
  Authors
Altarejos JY, Montminy M
  Title
CREB and the CRTC co-activators: sensors for hormonal and metabolic signals.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12:141-51 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/nrm3072
Reference
PMID:24393785
  Authors
Pernicova I, Korbonits M
  Title
Metformin--mode of action and clinical implications for diabetes and cancer.
  Journal
Nat Rev Endocrinol 10:143-56 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/nrendo.2013.256
Reference
PMID:20735177
  Authors
Hirota K, Fukamizu A
  Title
Transcriptional regulation of energy metabolism in the liver.
  Journal
J Recept Signal Transduct Res 30:403-9 (2010)
DOI:10.3109/10799893.2010.509730
Reference
PMID:21941300
  Authors
Chalkiadaki A, Guarente L
  Title
Metabolic signals regulate SIRT1 expression.
  Journal
EMBO Rep 12:985-6 (2011)
DOI:10.1038/embor.2011.179
Reference
PMID:22249520
  Authors
Chalkiadaki A, Guarente L
  Title
Sirtuins mediate mammalian metabolic responses to nutrient availability.
  Journal
Nat Rev Endocrinol 8:287-96 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nrendo.2011.225
Reference
PMID:19912989
  Authors
Tang BL, Chua CE
  Title
Is systemic activation of Sirt1 beneficial for ageing-associated metabolic disorders?
  Journal
Biochem Biophys Res Commun 391:6-10 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.11.016
Reference
PMID:22503562
  Authors
Ozcan L, Wong CC, Li G, Xu T, Pajvani U, Park SK, Wronska A, Chen BX, Marks AR, Fukamizu A, Backs J, Singer HA, Yates JR 3rd, Accili D, Tabas I
  Title
Calcium signaling through CaMKII regulates hepatic glucose production in fasting and obesity.
  Journal
Cell Metab 15:739-51 (2012)
DOI:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.03.002
Reference
PMID:22495310
  Authors
Wang Y, Li G, Goode J, Paz JC, Ouyang K, Screaton R, Fischer WH, Chen J, Tabas I, Montminy M
  Title
Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis in fasting and diabetes.
  Journal
Nature 485:128-32 (2012)
DOI:10.1038/nature10988
Related
pathway
pcoq00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
pcoq00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
pcoq00061  Fatty acid biosynthesis
pcoq00190  Oxidative phosphorylation
pcoq04020  Calcium signaling pathway
pcoq04024  cAMP signaling pathway
pcoq04068  FoxO signaling pathway
pcoq04910  Insulin signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04922   
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