Entry
Name
Cardiac muscle contraction - Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis (Bolivian squirrel monkey)
Description
Contraction of the heart is a complex process initiated by the electrical excitation of cardiac myocytes (excitation-contraction coupling, ECC). In cardiac myocytes, Ca2+ influx induced by activation of voltage-dependent L-type Ca channels (DHP receptors) upon membrane depolarization triggers the release of Ca2+ via Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine receptors) of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through a Ca2+ -induced Ca release (CICR) mechanism. Ca2+ ions released via the CICR mechanism diffuse through the cytosolic space to contractile proteins to bind to troponinC resulting in the release of inhibition induced by troponinI. The Ca2+ binding to troponinC thereby triggers the sliding of thin and thick filaments, that is, the activation of a crossbridge and subsequent cardiac force development and/or cell shortening. Recovery occurs as Ca2+ is pumped out of the cell by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) or is returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by sarco(endo)plasmic Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) pumps on the non-junctional region of the SR.
Class
Organismal Systems; Circulatory system
BRITE hierarchy
Pathway map
Ortholog table
Other DBs
Organism
Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis (Bolivian squirrel monkey) [GN:
sbq ]
Gene
101040048 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850 ]
101043152 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
101034685 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F [KO:K04853 ]
101042219 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
101048339 CACNB1; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 isoform X2 [KO:K04862 ]
101048438 CACNB2; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 isoform X7 [KO:K04863 ]
101040084 CACNB3; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 isoform X2 [KO:K04864 ]
101031728 CACNB4; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04865 ]
101053043 CACNA2D1; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 [KO:K04858 ]
101041145 CACNA2D2; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04859 ]
101040923 CACNA2D3; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 [KO:K04860 ]
101038775 CACNA2D4; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-4 [KO:K04861 ]
101039173 CACNG1; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit [KO:K04866 ]
101035489 CACNG2; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit [KO:K04867 ]
101040136 CACNG3; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868 ]
101046332 CACNG4; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit [KO:K04869 ]
101038867 CACNG5; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870 ]
101031975 CACNG6; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit [KO:K04871 ]
101032298 CACNG7; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit [KO:K04872 ]
101040452 CACNG8; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit [KO:K04873 ]
101040633 HRC; sarcoplasmic reticulum histidine-rich calcium-binding protein [KO:K23450 ]
101036977 ATP2A3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 [KO:K05853 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
101050353 MYL2; myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform [KO:K10351 ]
101048570 cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416 ]
101034432 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial [KO:K02263 ]
101039974 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263 ]
101040014 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02270 ]
101047978 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270 ]
101053320 ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540 ]
101044391 ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540 ]
101053553 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3-like [KO:K01540 ]
101028686 ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540 ]
104650672 FXYD2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K01538 ]
Compound
Reference
Authors
Bers DM
Title
Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bers DM
Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Endoh M
Title
Signal transduction and Ca2+ signaling in intact myocardium.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Endoh M
Title
Cardiac Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ sensitizers.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Bers DM, Despa S
Title
Cardiac myocytes Ca2+ and Na+ regulation in normal and failing hearts.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Gordon AM, Homsher E, Regnier M
Title
Regulation of contraction in striated muscle.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Phrommintikul A, Chattipakorn N
Title
Roles of cardiac ryanodine receptor in heart failure and sudden cardiac death.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Lacinova L
Title
Voltage-dependent calcium channels.
Journal
Gen Physiol Biophys 24 Suppl 1:1-78 (2005)
Reference
Authors
Lingrel J, Moseley A, Dostanic I, Cougnon M, He S, James P, Woo A, O'Connor K, Neumann J
Title
Functional roles of the alpha isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Berg JS, Powell BC, Cheney RE
Title
A millennial myosin census.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Parmacek MS, Solaro RJ
Title
Biology of the troponin complex in cardiac myocytes.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Yamashita H, Sugiura S, Fujita H, Yasuda S, Nagai R, Saeki Y, Sunagawa K, Sugi H
Title
Myosin light chain isoforms modify force-generating ability of cardiac myosin by changing the kinetics of actin-myosin interaction.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Pritchard TJ, Kranias EG
Title
Junctin and the histidine-rich Ca2+ binding protein: potential roles in heart failure and arrhythmogenesis.
Journal
Reference
Authors
Landstrom AP, Dobrev D, Wehrens XHT
Title
Calcium Signaling and Cardiac Arrhythmias.
Journal
Related pathway
KO pathway
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