Entry Name Autoimmune thyroid disease - Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis (Bolivian squirrel monkey)
Description The classification of autoimmune throid disease (AITD) includes Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) or chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and its variants, Graves' disease (GD) and autoimmune atrophic thyroiditis or primary myxedema. HT is characterized by the presence of goitre, thyroid autoantibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) in serum and varying degrees of thyroid dysfunction. During HT, self-reactive CD4+ T lymphocytes (Th) recruit B cells and CD8+ T cells (CTL) into the thyroid. Disease progression leads to the death of thyroid cells and hypothyroidism. Both autoantibodies and thyroid-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) have been proposed to be responsible for autoimmune thyrocyte depletion. In GD, the TSH-R is the most important autoantigen. Antibodies directed against it mimic the effects of the hormone on thyroid cells, TSH, stimulating autonomous production of thyroxine and triiodothyronine and causing hyperthyroidism. The presence of TSH-R-blocking antibodies that bind the TSH receptor in a similar fashion to the antibodies in patients with Grave's disease but that block rather than activate the receptor explains some cases of atrophic hypothyroidism.
Class Human Diseases; Immune diseaseBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Ortholog table Organism Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis (Bolivian squirrel monkey) [GN:
sbq ]
Gene 101053828 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain-like isoform X2 [KO:K06752 ]
101054155 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 1 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
101053201 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 1 chain isoform X4 [KO:K06752 ]
101054478 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ alpha 2 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
101052879 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-4 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
101034517 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-4 beta chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
101041326 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-4 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
101034208 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1-9 beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
101041640 mamu class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
101038711 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
104650606 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
101039757 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain [KO:K06752 ]
101039220 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP beta 1 chain [KO:K06752 ]
101040088 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP alpha 1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K06752 ]
101052651 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ beta 2 chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
101052977 H-2 class II histocompatibility antigen, E-S beta chain-like [KO:K06752 ]
101043934 CD86; T-lymphocyte activation antigen CD86 isoform X1 [KO:K05413 ]
101043195 CD28; T-cell-specific surface glycoprotein CD28 isoform X1 [KO:K06470 ]
101042893 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101043856 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101046108 HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, B-27 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
104650390 class I histocompatibility antigen, B alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
104650398 putative HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain H [KO:K06751 ]
101032412 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
101040674 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101041111 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101033054 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-B*0103 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101040568 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-126 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
101040877 class I histocompatibility antigen, Gogo-C*0202 alpha chain-like isoform X1 [KO:K06751 ]
101044935 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: popy class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E [KO:K06751 ]
101050220 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: saoe class I histocompatibility antigen, A alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101050865 patr class I histocompatibility antigen, A-2 alpha chain-like [KO:K06751 ]
101035660 FASLG; tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 isoform X1 [KO:K04389 ]
101035635 FAS; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 [KO:K04390 ]
101037196 CD40; tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 5 isoform X1 [KO:K03160 ]
101040997 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein 7 [KO:K06856 ]
101054381 putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV1OR21-1 [KO:K06856 ]
101041646 putative V-set and immunoglobulin domain-containing-like protein IGHV4OR15-8 [KO:K06856 ]
Compound D00636 Amiodarone hydrochloride (JP18/USP)
Reference Authors Fountoulakis S, Tsatsoulis A.
Title On the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease: a unifying hypothesis.
Journal Reference Authors Chistiakov DA.
Title Immunogenetics of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
Journal Reference Authors McIver B, Morris JC.
Title The pathogenesis of Graves' disease.
Journal Reference Authors Stassi G, De Maria R.
Title Autoimmune thyroid disease: new models of cell death in autoimmunity.
Journal Reference Authors Collins J, Gough S.
Title Autoimmunity in thyroid disease.
Journal Reference Authors Ruwhof C, Drexhage HA.
Title Iodine and thyroid autoimmune disease in animal models.
Journal Reference Authors Tsatsoulis A.
Title The role of stress in the clinical expression of thyroid autoimmunity.
Journal Reference Authors Prummel MF, Strieder T, Wiersinga WM.
Title The environment and autoimmune thyroid diseases.
Journal Reference Authors Kopp P.
Title The TSH receptor and its role in thyroid disease.
Journal Related sbq04610 Complement and coagulation cascades
sbq04612 Antigen processing and presentation
sbq04660 T cell receptor signaling pathway
sbq04662 B cell receptor signaling pathway
KO pathway LinkDB All DBs
