KEGG   PATHWAY: smm04140
Entry
smm04140                    Pathway                                
Name
Autophagy - animal - Schistosoma mansoni
Description
Autophagy (or macroautophagy) is a cellular catabolic pathway involving in protein degradation, organelle turnover, and non-selective breakdown of cytoplasmic components, which is evolutionarily conserved among eukaryotes and exquisitely regulated. This progress initiates with production of the autophagosome, a double-membrane intracellular structure of reticular origin that engulfs cytoplasmic contents and ultimately fuses with lysosomes for cargo degradation. Autophagy is regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stress and signals such as starvation, growth factor deprivation and ER stress. Constitutive level of autophagy plays an important role in cellular homeostasis and maintains quality control of essential cellular components.
Class
Cellular Processes; Transport and catabolism
Pathway map
smm04140  Autophagy - animal
smm04140

Other DBs
GO: 0006914
Organism
Schistosoma mansoni [GN:smm]
Gene
Smp_164960  phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha PI3K [KO:K00922] [EC:2.7.1.153]
Smp_196030  putative gtpase activating protein [KO:K02649]
Smp_094250  serine/threonine kinase [KO:K06276] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Smp_073930.1  rac-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (ec 2.7.1.37) (rac-pk-alpha)(akt1 kinase) (protein kinase b) (pkb) (c-akt) (thymoma viral proto-oncogene) [KO:K04456] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Smp_154470  putative pten [KO:K01110] [EC:3.1.3.16 3.1.3.48 3.1.3.67]
Smp_179910  Ras-like protein [KO:K07827]
Smp_084940.1  putative gtp-binding protein rit [KO:K07831]
Smp_026510  protein kinase [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
Smp_151670  protein kinase [KO:K04368] [EC:2.7.12.2]
Smp_142050  Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2,putative [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Smp_047900  serine/threonine kinase [KO:K04371] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Smp_159000  hypothetical protein [KO:K07204]
Smp_122910  ataxia telangiectasia mutated (atm)-related [KO:K07203] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Smp_073560.1  G beta-like protein gbl [KO:K08266]
Smp_179070  putative ribosomal protein S6 kinase [KO:K04688] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Smp_154230.1  hypothetical protein [KO:K17606]
Smp_165490  protein phsophatase-2a,putative [KO:K04382] [EC:3.1.3.16]
Smp_157350  protein kinase [KO:K08269] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Smp_062610.1  hypothetical protein [KO:K19730]
Smp_148650  hypothetical protein [KO:K17906]
Smp_150510  putative wipi-2 [KO:K17908]
Smp_154110  putative wd-repeat protein [KO:K22991]
Smp_149960  hypothetical protein [KO:K17907]
Smp_104670  rab15, 13, 10, 1, 35, 5, and, putative [KO:K07901]
Smp_169460  rab, putative [KO:K07874]
Smp_210430  putative rab15, 13, 10, 1, 35, 5, and [KO:K07874]
Smp_152790  ras-related GTP binding rag A,B/gtr1 [KO:K16185]
Smp_026090  ras-related GTP binding rag C,d/gtr2 [KO:K16186]
Smp_142990  serine/threonine kinase [KO:K07198] [EC:2.7.11.31]
Smp_152330  serine/threonine kinase [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
Smp_147450  serine/threonine kinase [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
Smp_085690  serine/threonine kinase [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
Smp_164380  putative camp-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit [KO:K04345] [EC:2.7.11.11]
Smp_172240  serine/threonine kinase [KO:K04440] [EC:2.7.11.24]
Smp_048990  putative beclin [KO:K08334]
Smp_123610  serine/threonine kinase [KO:K08333] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Smp_128130  phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha PI3K [KO:K00914] [EC:2.7.1.137]
Smp_156350  hypothetical protein [KO:K17985]
Smp_019980  putative vacuole membrane protein [KO:K21248]
Smp_003230  sh3 domain grb2-like protein B1 (endophilin B1) [KO:K11248]
Smp_161860  hypothetical protein [KO:K19330]
Smp_058790  protein kinase [KO:K04427] [EC:2.7.11.25]
Smp_169980  serine/threonine kinase [KO:K08852] [EC:2.7.11.1 3.1.26.-]
Smp_151860  putative inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor [KO:K04958]
Smp_144210  putative death associated protein kinase [KO:K08803] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Smp_079390  protein kinase [KO:K16196] [EC:2.7.11.1]
Smp_093750.1  putative eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha subunit [KO:K03237]
Smp_012970  myotubularin-related protein [KO:K18082] [EC:3.1.3.48 3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
Smp_075440.1  hypothetical protein [KO:K18086] [EC:3.1.3.64 3.1.3.95]
Smp_180740  putative zinc finger protein [KO:K17603]
Smp_093670  hypothetical protein [KO:K08336]
Smp_164770  apg5-related [KO:K08339]
Smp_210840  family S9 non-peptidase homologue (S09 family) [KO:K17890]
Smp_044260.1  Apg10p-like protein [KO:K17888]
Smp_077400  autophagocytosis protein aut1-related [KO:K08343]
Smp_087940.1  putative gaba(A) receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
Smp_073790  putative gaba(A) receptor-associated protein [KO:K08341]
Smp_039820  autophagin-1 (C54 family) [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
Smp_124830.1  family C54 unassigned peptidase (C54 family) [KO:K08342] [EC:3.4.22.-]
Smp_135870  beige/beach protein-related [KO:K22262]
Smp_089430  ubiquitin (ribosomal protein L40), putative [KO:K02927]
Smp_017280  putative ubiquitin [KO:K02977]
Smp_043940.1  synaptosomal associated protein, putative [KO:K08509]
Smp_047450  putative snare protein ykt6 [KO:K08516]
Smp_148320  hypothetical protein [KO:K08488]
Smp_212170  hypothetical protein [KO:K23883]
Smp_212160  hypothetical protein [KO:K23883]
Smp_194370  putative vacuolar membrane protein pep11 [KO:K20179]
Smp_123510  putative vacuolar protein sorting vps16 [KO:K20180]
Smp_142210  vacuolar membrane protein related [KO:K20181]
Smp_069670  vacuolar protein sorting (vps33), putative [KO:K20182]
Smp_212140  vam6/vps39 related [KO:K20183]
Smp_073110  putative vacuolar protein sorting vps41 [KO:K20184]
Smp_073100  putative vacuolar protein sorting vps41 [KO:K20184]
Smp_159540  putative inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) domain family member [KO:K10586] [EC:2.3.2.23]
Smp_169990.1  putative golgi reassembly stacking protein 2 (grasp2) [KO:K26797]
Smp_067140  putative rab9 and [KO:K07897]
Smp_032520.1  putative lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein [KO:K06528]
Smp_013040.1  cathepsin D (A01 family) [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Smp_136730  subfamily A1A unassigned peptidase (A01 family) [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Smp_136830.1  subfamily A1A unassigned peptidase (A01 family) [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Smp_136720  subfamily A1A unassigned peptidase (A01 family) [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Smp_018800  subfamily A1A unassigned peptidase (A01 family) [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Smp_132470  subfamily A1A unassigned peptidase (A01 family) [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Smp_132480  subfamily A1A unassigned peptidase (A01 family) [KO:K01379] [EC:3.4.23.5]
Smp_210500  subfamily C1A unassigned peptidase (C01 family) [KO:K01365] [EC:3.4.22.15]
Smp_158420  cathepsin B-like peptidase (C01 family) [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Smp_067060  cathepsin B-like peptidase (C01 family) [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Smp_158410  cathepsin B-like peptidase (C01 family) [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Smp_103610  cathepsin B-like peptidase (C01 family) [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Smp_179950  cathepsin B-like peptidase (C01 family) [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Smp_085010  cathepsin B-like peptidase (C01 family) [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Smp_105370  cathepsin B-like peptidase (C01 family) [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Smp_085180  cathepsin B (C01 family) [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Smp_141610  SmCB2 peptidase (C01 family) [KO:K01363] [EC:3.4.22.1]
Compound
C00035  GDP
C00044  GTP
C00350  Phosphatidylethanolamine
C01194  1-Phosphatidyl-D-myo-inositol
C04549  1-Phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate
C05981  Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate
Reference
PMID:15325584
  Authors
Meijer AJ, Codogno P.
  Title
Regulation and role of autophagy in mammalian cells.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2445-62 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.02.002
Reference
PMID:16099218
  Authors
Deretic V.
  Title
Autophagy in innate and adaptive immunity.
  Journal
Trends Immunol 26:523-8 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2005.08.003
Reference
PMID:16200202
  Authors
Levine B, Yuan J.
  Title
Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
  Journal
J Clin Invest 115:2679-88 (2005)
DOI:10.1172/JCI26390
Reference
PMID:15325588
  Authors
Tanida I, Ueno T, Kominami E.
  Title
LC3 conjugation system in mammalian autophagy.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 36:2503-18 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2004.05.009
Reference
PMID:15928708
  Authors
Lum JJ, DeBerardinis RJ, Thompson CB.
  Title
Autophagy in metazoans: cell survival in the land of plenty.
  Journal
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:439-48 (2005)
DOI:10.1038/nrm1660
Reference
PMID:15978794
  Authors
Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ.
  Title
Autophagosomes: biogenesis from scratch?
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 17:415-22 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2005.06.007
Reference
PMID:11099404
  Authors
Klionsky DJ, Emr SD.
  Title
Autophagy as a regulated pathway of cellular degradation.
  Journal
Science 290:1717-21 (2000)
DOI:10.1126/science.290.5497.1717
Reference
PMID:16125113
  Authors
Bechet D, Tassa A, Taillandier D, Combaret L, Attaix D.
  Title
Lysosomal proteolysis in skeletal muscle.
  Journal
Int J Biochem Cell Biol 37:2098-114 (2005)
DOI:10.1016/j.biocel.2005.02.029
Reference
PMID:19653858
  Authors
He C, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Regulation mechanisms and signaling pathways of autophagy.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 43:67-93 (2009)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-genet-102808-114910
Reference
PMID:19802558
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
An overview of the molecular mechanism of autophagy.
  Journal
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 335:1-32 (2009)
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-00302-8_1
Reference
PMID:20034776
  Authors
Yang Z, Klionsky DJ
  Title
Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation.
  Journal
Curr Opin Cell Biol 22:124-31 (2010)
DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2009.11.014
Reference
PMID:21187343
  Authors
Chen Y, Klionsky DJ
  Title
The regulation of autophagy - unanswered questions.
  Journal
J Cell Sci 124:161-70 (2011)
DOI:10.1242/jcs.064576
Reference
PMID:21801009
  Authors
Mizushima N, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y
  Title
The role of Atg proteins in autophagosome formation.
  Journal
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 27:107-32 (2011)
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154005
Reference
PMID:24343578
  Authors
Russell RC, Yuan HX, Guan KL
  Title
Autophagy regulation by nutrient signaling.
  Journal
Cell Res 24:42-57 (2014)
DOI:10.1038/cr.2013.166
Reference
PMID:25948417
  Authors
Noda NN, Fujioka Y
  Title
Atg1 family kinases in autophagy initiation.
  Journal
Cell Mol Life Sci 72:3083-96 (2015)
DOI:10.1007/s00018-015-1917-z
Related
pathway
smm04141  Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum
smm04142  Lysosome
smm04150  mTOR signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04140   
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