KEGG PATHWAY: smx00270

PATHWAY: smx00270

Entry

smx00270                    Pathway

Name

Cysteine and methionine metabolism - Sinorhizobium meliloti SM11

Description

Cysteine and methionine are sulfur-containing amino acids. Cysteine is synthesized from serine through different pathways in different organism groups. In bacteria and plants, cysteine is converted from serine (via acetylserine) by transfer of hydrogen sulfide [MD:M00021]. In animals, methionine-derived homocysteine is used as sulfur source and its condensation product with serine (cystathionine) is converted to cysteine [MD:M00338]. Cysteine is metabolized to pyruvate in multiple routes. Methionine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, methionine is synthesized from aspartate [MD:M00017]. S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), synthesized from methionine and ATP, is a methyl group donor in many important transfer reactions including DNA methylation for regulation of gene expression. SAM may also be used to regenerate methionine in the methionine salvage pathway [MD:M00034].

Class

Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism

Pathway map

smx00270

Cysteine and methionine metabolism

Module

smx_M00017

Methionine biosynthesis, aspartate => homoserine => methionine [PATH:smx00270]

smx_M00021

Cysteine biosynthesis, serine => cysteine [PATH:smx00270]

Other DBs

GO:	0006534 0006555

Organism

Sinorhizobium meliloti SM11 [GN:smx]

Gene

SM11_chr2085

cysE; serine acetyltransferase protein [KO:K00640] [EC:2.3.1.30]

SM11_chr1873

cysK2; probabable cysteine synthase a (o-acetylserine sulfhydrylase a) protein [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]

SM11_chr3817

cysK1; probabable cysteine synthase a (o-acetylserine sulfhydrylase a) protein [KO:K01738] [EC:2.5.1.47]

SM11_chr2089

metC; cystathionine beta-lyase [KO:K01760] [EC:4.4.1.13]

SM11_chr1343

methyltransferase [KO:K00548] [EC:2.1.1.13]

SM11_chr1358

bmt; betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase [KO:K00548] [EC:2.1.1.13]

SM11_chr3156

metH; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate--homocysteinemethyltransferase [KO:K00548] [EC:2.1.1.13]

SM11_chr0045

metK; S-adenosylmethionine synthetase [KO:K00789] [EC:2.5.1.6]

SM11_pC1008

traI; autoinducer synthesis protein [KO:K22955] [EC:2.3.1.184]

SM11_chr1560

sinI; SinI [KO:K22968] [EC:2.3.1.184]

SM11_chr3791

pfs; putative mta/sah nucleosidase p46 [KO:K01243] [EC:3.2.2.9]

SM11_pD0086

S-methyl-5-thioribose kinase [KO:K00899] [EC:2.7.1.100]

SM11_chr0836

hypothetical protein [KO:K05810] [EC:2.4.2.1 2.4.2.28 3.5.4.4]

SM11_pC1553

Hypothetical protein [KO:K12960] [EC:3.5.4.31 3.5.4.28]

SM11_pD0085

probabable translation initiation factor subunit [KO:K08963] [EC:5.3.1.23]

SM11_chr3783

tatA; probabable aspartate/tyrosine/aromatic aminotransferase [KO:K00832] [EC:2.6.1.57]

SM11_chr0980

mdeA; methionine gamma-lyase [KO:K01761] [EC:4.4.1.11]

SM11_chr0923

DNA-cytosine methyltransferase [KO:K00558] [EC:2.1.1.37]

SM11_chr3503

ahcY; S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase [KO:K01251] [EC:3.13.2.1]

SM11_pC0176

acdS; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase [KO:K01505] [EC:3.5.99.7]

SM11_pC1241

aspartokinase [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]

SM11_chr2773

lysC; aspartate kinase [KO:K00928] [EC:2.7.2.4]

SM11_pC1242

asd; Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase like (ASA dehydrogenase) [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]

SM11_chr3439

asd; Aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K00133] [EC:1.2.1.11]

SM11_chr1677

hom; Homoserine dehydrogenase [KO:K00003] [EC:1.1.1.3]

SM11_chr3305

metA; homoserine O-succinyltransferase [KO:K00651] [EC:2.3.1.46 2.3.1.31]

SM11_chr3547

metB; probabable cystathionine gamma-synthase protein [KO:K01739] [EC:2.5.1.48]

SM11_chr2347

putative o-acetylhomoserine sulfhydrylase protein [KO:K01740] [EC:2.5.1.49]

SM11_chr0148

metZ; probabable o-succinylhomoserine sulfhydrylase protein [KO:K10764] [EC:2.5.1.-]

SM11_chr0630

ilvE2; branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]

SM11_chr3695

ilvE1; branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase [KO:K00826] [EC:2.6.1.42]

SM11_chr0424

gshA; glutamate-cysteine ligase, GshA [KO:K01919] [EC:6.3.2.2]

SM11_chr3815

gshB1; glutathione synthetase GshB [KO:K01920] [EC:6.3.2.3]

SM11_pD0574

gshB2; putative glutathione synthetase protein [KO:K01920] [EC:6.3.2.3]

SM11_chr0855

aatA; aspartate aminotransferase A [KO:K00812] [EC:2.6.1.1]

SM11_chr3414

aatB; aspartate aminotransferase b protein [KO:K00812] [EC:2.6.1.1]

SM11_chr1871

sseA; putative 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]

SM11_pD0611

thtR; putative exported sulfurtransferase, Rhodanese protein [KO:K01011] [EC:2.8.1.1 2.8.1.2]

SM11_chr3235

mdh; malate dehydrogenase [KO:K00024] [EC:1.1.1.37]

SM11_pC0853

Dehydrogenase, malate/L-lactate family [KO:K16844] [EC:1.1.1.338]

SM11_chr2161

sda; probabable l-serine dehydratase protein [KO:K01752] [EC:4.3.1.17]

SM11_pC0920

dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]

SM11_chr1025

oxidoreductase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]

SM11_chr2893

serA; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]

SM11_chr2711

D-isomer specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase family protein [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]

SM11_chr2894

serC; Phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]

Compound

C00019

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine

C00021

S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine

C00022

Pyruvate

C00041

L-Alanine

C00049

L-Aspartate

C00051

Glutathione

C00059

Sulfate

C00065

L-Serine

C00073

L-Methionine

C00094

Sulfite

C00097

L-Cysteine

C00109

2-Oxobutanoate

C00155

L-Homocysteine

C00170

5'-Methylthioadenosine

C00197

3-Phospho-D-glycerate

C00263

L-Homoserine

C00283

Hydrogen sulfide

C00409

Methanethiol

C00441

L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde

C00491

L-Cystine

C00506

L-Cysteate

C00606

3-Sulfino-L-alanine

C00793

D-Cysteine

C00957

Mercaptopyruvate

C00979

O-Acetyl-L-serine

C01005

O-Phospho-L-serine

C01077

O-Acetyl-L-homoserine

C01118

O-Succinyl-L-homoserine

C01137

S-Adenosylmethioninamine

C01180

4-Methylthio-2-oxobutanoic acid

C01234

1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate

C01817

L-Homocystine

C01962

Thiocysteine

C02218

Dehydroalanine

C02291

L-Cystathionine

C02356

(S)-2-Aminobutanoate

C02989

L-Methionine S-oxide

C03082

4-Phospho-L-aspartate

C03089

5-Methylthio-D-ribose

C03145

N-Formylmethionine

C03232

3-Phosphonooxypyruvate

C03431

S-Inosyl-L-homocysteine

C03539

S-Ribosyl-L-homocysteine

C04188

S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribose 1-phosphate

C04582

S-Methyl-5-thio-D-ribulose 1-phosphate

C05324

Nicotianamine

C05524

Aminoacyl-L-methionine

C05526

S-Glutathionyl-L-cysteine

C05527

3-Sulfinylpyruvate

C05528

3-Sulfopyruvate

C05823

3-Mercaptolactate

C05824

S-Sulfo-L-cysteine

C06547

Ethylene

C08276

3-(Methylthio)propanoate

C09306

Sulfur dioxide

C11437

1-Deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

C11481

HSO3-

C11499

(S)-3-Sulfolactate

C11537

(2R)-3-Sulfolactate

C15606

1,2-Dihydroxy-5-(methylthio)pent-1-en-3-one

C15650

2,3-Diketo-5-methylthiopentyl-1-phosphate

C15651

2-Hydroxy-3-keto-5-methylthiopentenyl-1-phosphate

C18049

N-Acyl-L-homoserine lactone

C19787

5'-S-Methyl-5'-thioinosine

C21015

gamma-L-Glutamyl-L-2-aminobutyrate

C21016

Ophthalmate

C22359

S-Methyl-1-thio-D-xylulose 5-phosphate

Reference

PMID:15102328

Authors

Sekowska A, Denervaud V, Ashida H, Michoud K, Haas D, Yokota A, Danchin A

Title

Bacterial variations on the methionine salvage pathway.

Journal

BMC Microbiol 4:9 (2004)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-4-9

Reference

PMID:14551435

Authors

Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Kobayashi K, Ogasawara N, Yokota A.

Title

A functional link between RuBisCO-like protein of Bacillus and photosynthetic RuBisCO.

Journal

Science 302:286-90 (2003)
DOI:10.1126/science.1086997

Reference

PMID:12022921

Authors

Sekowska A, Danchin A.

Title

The methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.

Journal

BMC Microbiol 2:8 (2002)
DOI:10.1186/1471-2180-2-8

Reference

PMID:12670965

Authors

Berger BJ, English S, Chan G, Knodel MH.

Title

Methionine regeneration and aminotransferases in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus anthracis.

Journal

J Bacteriol 185:2418-31 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.8.2418-2431.2003

Reference

PMID:17169919

Authors

Goyer A, Collakova E, Shachar-Hill Y, Hanson AD

Title

Functional characterization of a methionine gamma-lyase in Arabidopsis and its implication in an alternative to the reverse trans-sulfuration pathway.

Journal

Plant Cell Physiol 48:232-42 (2007)
DOI:10.1093/pcp/pcl055

Reference

PMID:17030798

Authors

Rebeille F, Jabrin S, Bligny R, Loizeau K, Gambonnet B, Van Wilder V, Douce R, Ravanel S

Title

Methionine catabolism in Arabidopsis cells is initiated by a gamma-cleavage process and leads to S-methylcysteine and isoleucine syntheses.

Journal

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103:15687-92 (2006)
DOI:10.1073/pnas.0606195103

Reference

PMID:18625006

Authors

Pirkov I, Norbeck J, Gustafsson L, Albers E

Title

A complete inventory of all enzymes in the eukaryotic methionine salvage pathway.

Journal

FEBS J 275:4111-20 (2008)
DOI:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06552.x

Reference

PMID:18391471

Authors

Ashida H, Saito Y, Kojima C, Yokota A

Title

Enzymatic characterization of 5-methylthioribulose-1-phosphate dehydratase of the methionine salvage pathway in Bacillus subtilis.

Journal

Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 72:959-67 (2008)
DOI:10.1271/bbb.70651

Reference

PMID:10613873

Authors

Kitabatake M, So MW, Tumbula DL, Soll D

Title

Cysteine biosynthesis pathway in the archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri encoded by acquired bacterial genes?

Journal

J Bacteriol 182:143-5 (2000)
DOI:10.1128/JB.182.1.143-145.2000

Reference

PMID:12644499

Authors

Mino K, Ishikawa K

Title

Characterization of a novel thermostable O-acetylserine sulfhydrylase from Aeropyrum pernix K1.

Journal

J Bacteriol 185:2277-84 (2003)
DOI:10.1128/JB.185.7.2277-2284.2003

Reference

PMID:18520135

Authors

Tanabe S

Title

Development of assay methods for endogenous inorganic sulfur compounds and sulfurtransferases and evaluation of the physiological functions of bound sulfur.

Journal

Yakugaku Zasshi 128:881-900 (2008)
DOI:10.1248/yakushi.128.881

Reference

Authors

Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).

Title

[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)

Journal

Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)

Reference

PMID:19270684

Authors