Prostate cancer constitutes a major health problem in Western countries. It is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among men and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths. The identification of key molecular alterations in prostate-cancer cells implicates carcinogen defenses (GSTP1), growth-factor-signaling pathways (NKX3.1, PTEN, and p27), and androgens (AR) as critical determinants of the phenotype of prostate-cancer cells. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTP1) are detoxifying enzymes. Cells of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, devoid of GSTP1, undergo genomic damage mediated by carcinogens. NKX3.1, PTEN, and p27 regulate the growth and survival of prostate cells in the normal prostate. Inadequate levels of PTEN and NKX3.1 lead to a reduction in p27 levels and to increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Androgen receptor (AR) is a transcription factor that is normally activated by its androgen ligand. During androgen withdrawal therapy, the AR signal transduction pathway also could be activated by amplification of the AR gene, by AR gene mutations, or by altered activity of AR coactivators. Through these mechanisms, tumor cells lead to the emergence of androgen-independent prostate cancer.
Category
Cancer
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
02 Neoplasms
Malignant neoplasms, except primary neoplasms of lymphoid, haematopoietic, central nervous system or related tissues
Malignant neoplasms, stated or presumed to be primary, of specified sites, except of lymphoid, haematopoietic, central nervous system or related tissues
Malignant neoplasms of male genital organs
2C82 Malignant neoplasms of prostate
H00024 Prostate cancer
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
Cellular processes
nt06515 Regulation of kinetochore-microtubule interactions
H00024 Prostate cancer
Tumor markers [br08442.html]
H00024
Cancer-associated carbohydrates [br08441.html]
H00024
Mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome (MVA) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by mosaic aneuploidies, diverse phenotypic abnormalities and predisposition to cancer. MVA is due to defective cell division, leading to aberrant disjunction of chromosomes during mitosis. It has been reported that mutations of the BUB1B, CEP57, and TRIP13 genes cause MVA.
Category
Chromosomal abnormality
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
20 Developmental anomalies
Chromosomal anomalies, excluding gene mutations
LD7Y Other specified chromosomal anomalies, excluding gene mutations
H01288 Mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
Cellular processes
nt06515 Regulation of kinetochore-microtubule interactions
H01288 Mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome
Hanks S, Coleman K, Reid S, Plaja A, Firth H, Fitzpatrick D, Kidd A, Mehes K, Nash R, Robin N, Shannon N, Tolmie J, Swansbury J, Irrthum A, Douglas J, Rahman N
Title
Constitutional aneuploidy and cancer predisposition caused by biallelic mutations in BUB1B.
Yost S, de Wolf B, Hanks S, Zachariou A, Marcozzi C, Clarke M, de Voer R, Etemad B, Uijttewaal E, Ramsay E, Wylie H, Elliott A, Picton S, Smith A, Smithson S, Seal S, Ruark E, Houge G, Pines J, Kops GJPL, Rahman N
Title
Biallelic TRIP13 mutations predispose to Wilms tumor and chromosome missegregation.
de Wolf B, Oghabian A, Akinyi MV, Hanks S, Tromer EC, van Hooff JJE, van Voorthuijsen L, van Rooijen LE, Verbeeren J, Uijttewaal ECH, Baltissen MPA, Yost S, Piloquet P, Vermeulen M, Snel B, Isidor B, Rahman N, Frilander MJ, Kops GJPL
Title
Chromosomal instability by mutations in the novel minor spliceosome component CENATAC.
Villarroya-Beltri C, Osorio A, Torres-Ruiz R, Gomez-Sanchez D, Trakala M, Sanchez-Belmonte A, Mercadillo F, Hurtado B, Pitarch B, Hernandez-Nunez A, Gomez-Caturla A, Rueda D, Perea J, Rodriguez-Perales S, Malumbres M, Urioste M
Title
Biallelic germline mutations in MAD1L1 induce a syndrome of aneuploidy with high tumor susceptibility.
