C1 inhibitor deficiency (hereditary angioedema) C4 binding protein alpha deficiency C4 binding protein beta deficiency Factor I deficiency Decay-accelerating factor (CD55) deficiency CD59 deficiency
Supergrp
Disorders of innate immunity [DS:H02525] Primary immunodeficiency disease [DS:H01725]
Description
To prevent undesirable complement activation, host tissues express a number of complement regulatory proteins (CRPs). They include C1 inhibitor (C1-INH, also termed SERPING1), C4 binding protein (C4BP), Factor I, decay accelerating factor (DAF), CD59, and so on. C1-INH (SERPING1) deficiency can be genetic or acquired, and this causes an episodic, local increase in vascular permeability in the subcutaneous and submucosal layers, identified as angioedema (hereditary or acquired). Genetic deficiency of C4BP has only been reported in one individual who developed an illness with similarities to Behcet's syndrome. Heterozygous mutations within the Factor I gene have been recently identified in individuals with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), while homozygous deficiency of Factor I is an unusual feature. Factor I-deficient patients present high susceptibility to respiratory tract infections and meningitis. Kidney impairment and autoimmune disorders have also been observed. Only a single case of CD59 deficiency has been reported and this individual developed a paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria(PNH)-like illness. In contrast, deficiency of DAF is not associated with haemolytic anaemia.
Category
Primary immunodeficiency
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
04 Diseases of the immune system
Primary immunodeficiencies
4A00 Primary immunodeficiencies due to disorders of innate immunity
H00106 Complement regulatory protein defects
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
Immune system
nt06513 Complement cascade
H00106 Complement regulatory protein defects
nt06514 Coagulation cascade
H00106 Complement regulatory protein defects
Primary immunodeficiency diseases: an update from the International Union of Immunological Societies Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Classification Committee.
Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder, manifested by recurrent episodes of angioedema localized to the skin or mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract or larynx. The laryngeal angioedema is potentially lethal. The classic forms, HAE types I and II, result from deficiency of the plasma protease inhibitor, C1 inhibitor (C1INH). Type I HAE is caused by decreased expression of C1INH in the plasma whereas type 2 HAE, consisting approximately 15% of patients with HAE, is due to expression of a dysfunctional C1INH protein. HAE type III has been observed exclusively in women and appears to be correlated with high estrogen levels.
Category
Cardiovascular disease
Brite
Human diseases in ICD-11 classification [BR:br08403]
04 Diseases of the immune system
Primary immunodeficiencies
4A00 Primary immunodeficiencies due to disorders of innate immunity
H01006 Hereditary angioedema
Pathway-based classification of diseases [BR:br08402]
Immune system
nt06514 Coagulation cascade
H01006 Hereditary angioedema
Loules G, Parsopoulou F, Zamanakou M, Csuka D, Bova M, Gonzalez-Quevedo T, Psarros F, Porebski G, Speletas M, Firinu D, Del Giacco S, Suffritti C, Makris M, Vatsiou S, Zanichelli A, Farkas H, Germenis AE
Title
Deciphering the Genetics of Primary Angioedema with Normal Levels of C1 Inhibitor.
