KEGG   PATHWAY: elk04260
Entry
elk04260                    Pathway                                
Name
Cardiac muscle contraction - Enhydra lutris kenyoni (northern sea otter)
Description
Contraction of the heart is a complex process initiated by the electrical excitation of cardiac myocytes (excitation-contraction coupling, ECC). In cardiac myocytes, Ca2+ influx induced by activation of voltage-dependent L-type Ca channels (DHP receptors) upon membrane depolarization triggers the release of Ca2+ via Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine receptors) of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through a Ca2+ -induced Ca release (CICR) mechanism. Ca2+ ions released via the CICR mechanism diffuse through the cytosolic space to contractile proteins to bind to troponinC resulting in the release of inhibition induced by troponinI. The Ca2+ binding to troponinC thereby triggers the sliding of thin and thick filaments, that is, the activation of a crossbridge and subsequent cardiac force development and/or cell shortening. Recovery occurs as Ca2+ is pumped out of the cell by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) or is returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by sarco(endo)plasmic Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) pumps on the non-junctional region of the SR.
Class
Organismal Systems; Circulatory system
Pathway map
elk04260  Cardiac muscle contraction
elk04260

Other DBs
GO: 0060048
Organism
Enhydra lutris kenyoni (northern sea otter) [GN:elk]
Gene
111159674  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X1 [KO:K04850]
111143738  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851]
111150407  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X1 [KO:K04853]
111150995  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857]
111151650  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04862]
111155505  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04863]
111157805  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04864]
111141476  voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04865]
111155265  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04858]
111144160  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04859]
111144138  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 [KO:K04860]
111159692  voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-4 [KO:K04861]
111158207  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit [KO:K04866]
111157697  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit [KO:K04867]
111162323  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868]
111158195  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit [KO:K04869]
111158197  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit [KO:K04870]
111139628  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit [KO:K04871]
111139627  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit [KO:K04872]
111139592  voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit [KO:K04873]
111144745  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: ryanodine receptor 2 [KO:K04962]
111155376  aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase-like isoform X1 [KO:K00476] [EC:1.14.11.16]
111155391  aspartyl/asparaginyl beta-hydroxylase-like [KO:K00476] [EC:1.14.11.16]
111143039  calsequestrin-2 [KO:K23445]
111160039  calsequestrin-2-like [KO:K23445]
111147752  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: triadin [KO:K23449]
111160559  sarcoplasmic reticulum histidine-rich calcium-binding protein [KO:K23450]
111158763  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
111162286  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
111159008  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3-like [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
111156353  sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K05853] [EC:7.2.2.10]
111143872  troponin C, slow skeletal and cardiac muscles [KO:K05865]
111140065  troponin I, cardiac muscle isoform X1 [KO:K12044]
111151009  troponin T, cardiac muscle isoform X1 [KO:K12045]
111153107  tropomyosin alpha-1 chain isoform X1 [KO:K10373]
111145591  tropomyosin beta chain isoform X1 [KO:K10374]
111138967  tropomyosin alpha-3 chain isoform X1 [KO:K09290]
111143852  tropomyosin alpha-4 chain isoform X1 [KO:K10375]
111158552  actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 isoform X1 [KO:K12314]
111158831  myosin-7 [KO:K17751]
111156317  myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform isoform X1 [KO:K10351]
111143787  myosin light chain 3 [KO:K12749]
111158127  myosin light chain 4 [KO:K12750]
111139384  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial [KO:K00411] [EC:7.1.1.8]
111146626  cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial [KO:K00413]
111143869  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00414]
111162256  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial [KO:K00415]
111142816  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00416]
111146514  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7 isoform X1 [KO:K00417]
111141027  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8 isoform X1 [KO:K00418]
111160042  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9 isoform X1 [KO:K00419]
111161710  cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10 [KO:K00420]
111153043  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 1, mitochondrial [KO:K02263]
111141707  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02263]
111153215  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial [KO:K02264]
111155858  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5B, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02265]
111162190  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02266]
111156401  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02266]
111161463  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1 isoform X1 [KO:K02267]
111155471  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B1-like [KO:K02267]
111139590  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6B2 [KO:K02267]
111147664  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
111146812  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6C [KO:K02268]
111161502  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A1, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
111147649  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A2, mitochondrial [KO:K02270]
111158437  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7A-related protein, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K02270]
111146524  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
111156868  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
111160926  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B, mitochondrial [KO:K02271]
111149314  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
111149315  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7B2, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02271]
111148335  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
111152225  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 7C, mitochondrial [KO:K02272]
111160948  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
111149630  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial [KO:K02273]
111152453  cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02273]
111148610  sodium/calcium exchanger 3 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
111158430  sodium/calcium exchanger 1 isoform X1 [KO:K05849]
111160727  sodium/calcium exchanger 2 [KO:K05849]
111150345  sodium/hydrogen exchanger 7 [KO:K12041]
111139350  sodium/hydrogen exchanger 6 isoform X1 [KO:K12041]
111138822  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-2 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
111138823  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-4 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
111139490  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-3 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
111143264  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit alpha-1 isoform X1 [KO:K01539] [EC:7.2.2.13]
111157285  protein ATP1B4 isoform X1 [KO:K01540]
111150877  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540]
111161212  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540]
111152174  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 [KO:K01540]
111153819  sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma [KO:K01538]
111140152  sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
111140243  sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742]
Compound
C00076  Calcium cation
C00080  H+
C00238  Potassium cation
C01330  Sodium cation
Reference
PMID:17988210
  Authors
Bers DM
  Title
Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes.
  Journal
Annu Rev Physiol 70:23-49 (2008)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.physiol.70.113006.100455
Reference
PMID:11805843
  Authors
Bers DM
  Title
Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling.
  Journal
Nature 415:198-205 (2002)
DOI:10.1038/415198a
Reference
PMID:16799263
  Authors
Endoh M
  Title
Signal transduction and Ca2+ signaling in intact myocardium.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:525-37 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CPJ06009X
Reference
PMID:18981594
  Authors
Endoh M
  Title
Cardiac Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ sensitizers.
  Journal
Circ J 72:1915-25 (2008)
DOI:10.1253/circj.CJ-08-0838
Reference
PMID:16552170
  Authors
Bers DM, Despa S
  Title
Cardiac myocytes Ca2+ and Na+ regulation in normal and failing hearts.
  Journal
J Pharmacol Sci 100:315-22 (2006)
DOI:10.1254/jphs.CPJ06001X
Reference
PMID:10747208
  Authors
Gordon AM, Homsher E, Regnier M
  Title
Regulation of contraction in striated muscle.
  Journal
Physiol Rev 80:853-924 (2000)
DOI:10.1152/physrev.2000.80.2.853
Reference
PMID:16701909
  Authors
Phrommintikul A, Chattipakorn N
  Title
Roles of cardiac ryanodine receptor in heart failure and sudden cardiac death.
  Journal
Int J Cardiol 112:142-52 (2006)
DOI:10.1016/j.ijcard.2005.11.106
Reference
PMID:16096350
  Authors
Lacinova L
  Title
Voltage-dependent calcium channels.
  Journal
Gen Physiol Biophys 24 Suppl 1:1-78 (2005)
Reference
PMID:12763850
  Authors
Lingrel J, Moseley A, Dostanic I, Cougnon M, He S, James P, Woo A, O'Connor K, Neumann J
  Title
Functional roles of the alpha isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase.
  Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci 986:354-9 (2003)
DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07214.x
Reference
PMID:11294886
  Authors
Berg JS, Powell BC, Cheney RE
  Title
A millennial myosin census.
  Journal
Mol Biol Cell 12:780-94 (2001)
DOI:10.1091/mbc.12.4.780
Reference
PMID:15736582
  Authors
Parmacek MS, Solaro RJ
  Title
Biology of the troponin complex in cardiac myocytes.
  Journal
Prog Cardiovasc Dis 47:159-76 (2004)
DOI:10.1016/j.pcad.2004.07.003
Reference
PMID:14659803
  Authors
Yamashita H, Sugiura S, Fujita H, Yasuda S, Nagai R, Saeki Y, Sunagawa K, Sugi H
  Title
Myosin light chain isoforms modify force-generating ability of cardiac myosin by changing the kinetics of actin-myosin interaction.
  Journal
Cardiovasc Res 60:580-8 (2003)
DOI:10.1016/j.cardiores.2003.09.011
Reference
PMID:19403607
  Authors
Pritchard TJ, Kranias EG
  Title
Junctin and the histidine-rich Ca2+ binding protein: potential roles in heart failure and arrhythmogenesis.
  Journal
J Physiol 587:3125-33 (2009)
DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.2009.172171
Reference
PMID:28596175
  Authors
Landstrom AP, Dobrev D, Wehrens XHT
  Title
Calcium Signaling and Cardiac Arrhythmias.
  Journal
Circ Res 120:1969-1993 (2017)
DOI:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.310083
Related
pathway
elk04020  Calcium signaling pathway
KO pathway
ko04260   
LinkDB

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