KEGG   PATHWAY: hsa03450
Entry
hsa03450                    Pathway                                
Name
Non-homologous end-joining - Homo sapiens (human)
Description
Nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) eliminates DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by direct ligation. NHEJ involves binding of the KU heterodimer to double-stranded DNA ends, recruitment of DNA-PKcs (MRX complex in yeast), processing of ends, and recruitment of the DNA ligase IV (LIG4)-XRCC4 complex, which brings about ligation. A recent study shows that bacteria accomplish NHEJ using just two proteins (Ku and DNA ligase), whereas eukaryotes require many factors. NHEJ repairs DSBs at all stages of the cell cycle, bringing about the ligation of two DNA DSBs without the need for sequence homology, and so is error-prone.
Class
Genetic Information Processing; Replication and repair
Pathway map
hsa03450  Non-homologous end-joining
hsa03450

Network
  Element
N01439  Double-strand break signaling
N01445  Non-homologous end-joining
N01467  V(D)J recombination
Other DBs
GO: 0006303
Organism
Homo sapiens (human) [GN:hsa]
Gene
2547  XRCC6; X-ray repair cross complementing 6 [KO:K10884]
7520  XRCC5; X-ray repair cross complementing 5 [KO:K10885]
64421  DCLRE1C; DNA cross-link repair 1C [KO:K10887] [EC:3.1.-.-]
5591  PRKDC; protein kinase, DNA-activated, catalytic subunit [KO:K06642] [EC:2.7.11.1]
27343  POLL; DNA polymerase lambda [KO:K03512] [EC:2.7.7.7 4.2.99.-]
27434  POLM; DNA polymerase mu [KO:K03513] [EC:2.7.7.7]
1791  DNTT; DNA nucleotidylexotransferase [KO:K00977] [EC:2.7.7.31]
3981  LIG4; DNA ligase 4 [KO:K10777] [EC:6.5.1.1]
7518  XRCC4; X-ray repair cross complementing 4 [KO:K10886]
79840  NHEJ1; non-homologous end joining factor 1 [KO:K10980]
10111  RAD50; RAD50 double strand break repair protein [KO:K10866] [EC:3.6.-.-]
4361  MRE11; MRE11 homolog, double strand break repair nuclease [KO:K10865]
2237  FEN1; flap structure-specific endonuclease 1 [KO:K04799] [EC:3.1.-.-]
Reference
PMID:16971555
  Authors
Gennery AR.
  Title
Primary immunodeficiency syndromes associated with defective DNA double-strand break repair.
  Journal
Br Med Bull 77-78:71-85 (2006)
DOI:10.1093/bmb/ldl006
Reference
PMID:17589524
  Authors
Zhang Y, Hefferin ML, Chen L, Shim EY, Tseng HM, Kwon Y, Sung P, Lee SE, Tomkinson AE.
  Title
Role of Dnl4-Lif1 in nonhomologous end-joining repair complex assembly and suppression of homologous recombination.
  Journal
Nat Struct Mol Biol 14:639-46 (2007)
DOI:10.1038/nsmb1261
Reference
PMID:16895466
  Authors
Wyman C, Kanaar R.
  Title
DNA double-strand break repair: all's well that ends well.
  Journal
Annu Rev Genet 40:363-83 (2006)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.genet.40.110405.090451
Reference
PMID:15578053
  Authors
Weller GR, Brandt VL, Roth DB.
  Title
Doing more with less in bacterial DNA repair.
  Journal
Nat Struct Mol Biol 11:1158-9 (2004)
DOI:10.1038/nsmb1204-1158
Reference
PMID:12215643
  Authors
Weller GR, Kysela B, Roy R, Tonkin LM, Scanlan E, Della M, Devine SK, Day JP, Wilkinson A, d'Adda di Fagagna F, Devine KM, Bowater RP, Jeggo PA, Jackson SP, Doherty AJ.
  Title
Identification of a DNA nonhomologous end-joining complex in bacteria.
  Journal
Science 297:1686-9 (2002)
DOI:10.1126/science.1074584
Reference
PMID:17506672
  Authors
Pitcher RS, Brissett NC, Doherty AJ.
  Title
Nonhomologous end-joining in bacteria: a microbial perspective.
  Journal
Annu Rev Microbiol 61:259-82 (2007)
DOI:10.1146/annurev.micro.61.080706.093354
KO pathway
ko03450   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system