Entry Name Cardiac muscle contraction - Macaca nemestrina (pig-tailed macaque)
Description Contraction of the heart is a complex process initiated by the electrical excitation of cardiac myocytes (excitation-contraction coupling, ECC). In cardiac myocytes, Ca2+ influx induced by activation of voltage-dependent L-type Ca channels (DHP receptors) upon membrane depolarization triggers the release of Ca2+ via Ca2+ release channels (ryanodine receptors) of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through a Ca2+ -induced Ca release (CICR) mechanism. Ca2+ ions released via the CICR mechanism diffuse through the cytosolic space to contractile proteins to bind to troponinC resulting in the release of inhibition induced by troponinI. The Ca2+ binding to troponinC thereby triggers the sliding of thin and thick filaments, that is, the activation of a crossbridge and subsequent cardiac force development and/or cell shortening. Recovery occurs as Ca2+ is pumped out of the cell by the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) or is returned to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by sarco(endo)plasmic Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) pumps on the non-junctional region of the SR.
Class Organismal Systems; Circulatory systemBRITE hierarchy
Pathway map Other DBs Organism Macaca nemestrina (pig-tailed macaque) [GN:
mni ]
Gene 105464512 CACNG2; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-2 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04867 ]
105469030 CACNG5; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-5 subunit isoform X1 [KO:K04870 ]
105469032 CACNG1; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-1 subunit [KO:K04866 ]
105469370 CACNG4; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-4 subunit [KO:K04869 ]
105469989 ATP1B3; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K01540 ]
105472260 CACNB1; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04862 ]
105473682 ATP1B2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-2 [KO:K01540 ]
105475402 CACNA2D1; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-1 isoform X1 [KO:K04858 ]
105476427 FXYD2; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit gamma isoform X1 [KO:K01538 ]
105480493 CACNA2D2; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04859 ]
105480573 CACNA1D; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1D isoform X1 [KO:K04851 ]
105480634 CACNA2D3; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-3 [KO:K04860 ]
105482864 ATP2A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 [KO:K05853 ] [EC:7.2.2.10 ]
105484109 CACNA1C; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1C isoform X2 [KO:K04850 ]
105484118 CACNA2D4; voltage-dependent calcium channel subunit alpha-2/delta-4 [KO:K04861 ]
105484707 CACNA1S; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1S [KO:K04857 ]
105485030 CACNG3; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-3 subunit [KO:K04868 ]
105488234 CACNB2; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-2 isoform X1 [KO:K04863 ]
105492663 CACNB4; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-4 isoform X1 [KO:K04865 ]
105492898 CACNB3; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit beta-3 isoform X1 [KO:K04864 ]
105493025 ATP1B1; sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 [KO:K01540 ]
105493412 MYL2; myosin regulatory light chain 2, ventricular/cardiac muscle isoform [KO:K10351 ]
105493928 CACNA1F; voltage-dependent L-type calcium channel subunit alpha-1F isoform X2 [KO:K04853 ]
105494527 SLC9A1; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 [KO:K05742 ]
105497020 CACNG6; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-6 subunit [KO:K04871 ]
105497216 HRC; sarcoplasmic reticulum histidine-rich calcium-binding protein isoform X1 [KO:K23450 ]
105497324 CACNG8; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-8 subunit [KO:K04873 ]
105497325 CACNG7; voltage-dependent calcium channel gamma-7 subunit [KO:K04872 ]
Compound Reference Authors Bers DM
Title Calcium cycling and signaling in cardiac myocytes.
Journal Reference Authors Bers DM
Title Cardiac excitation-contraction coupling.
Journal Reference Authors Endoh M
Title Signal transduction and Ca2+ signaling in intact myocardium.
Journal Reference Authors Endoh M
Title Cardiac Ca2+ signaling and Ca2+ sensitizers.
Journal Reference Authors Bers DM, Despa S
Title Cardiac myocytes Ca2+ and Na+ regulation in normal and failing hearts.
Journal Reference Authors Gordon AM, Homsher E, Regnier M
Title Regulation of contraction in striated muscle.
Journal Reference Authors Phrommintikul A, Chattipakorn N
Title Roles of cardiac ryanodine receptor in heart failure and sudden cardiac death.
Journal Reference Authors Lacinova L
Title Voltage-dependent calcium channels.
Journal Gen Physiol Biophys 24 Suppl 1:1-78 (2005)
Reference Authors Lingrel J, Moseley A, Dostanic I, Cougnon M, He S, James P, Woo A, O'Connor K, Neumann J
Title Functional roles of the alpha isoforms of the Na,K-ATPase.
Journal Reference Authors Berg JS, Powell BC, Cheney RE
Title A millennial myosin census.
Journal Reference Authors Parmacek MS, Solaro RJ
Title Biology of the troponin complex in cardiac myocytes.
Journal Reference Authors Yamashita H, Sugiura S, Fujita H, Yasuda S, Nagai R, Saeki Y, Sunagawa K, Sugi H
Title Myosin light chain isoforms modify force-generating ability of cardiac myosin by changing the kinetics of actin-myosin interaction.
Journal Reference Authors Pritchard TJ, Kranias EG
Title Junctin and the histidine-rich Ca2+ binding protein: potential roles in heart failure and arrhythmogenesis.
Journal Reference Authors Landstrom AP, Dobrev D, Wehrens XHT
Title Calcium Signaling and Cardiac Arrhythmias.
Journal Related KO pathway
