KEGG   PATHWAY: oro00260
Entry
oro00260                    Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Pacific walrus)
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
oro00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
oro00260

Module
oro_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:oro00260]
oro_M00047  Creatine pathway [PATH:oro00260]
oro_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:oro00260]
oro_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:oro00260]
oro_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:oro00260]
oro_M00974  Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:oro00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Pacific walrus) [GN:oro]
Gene
101364187  probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 2 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
101369235  SHMT1; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic isoform X1 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
101376812  SHMT2; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
101362087  AGXT; serine--pyruvate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
101369961  GRHPR; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
101369068  GLYCTK; glycerate kinase isoform X1 [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
101364821  PGAM1; phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
101382093  PGAM2; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 isoform X1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
101365932  BPGM; bisphosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
101378329  PHGDH; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase isoform X1 [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
101383647  PSAT1; phosphoserine aminotransferase isoform X1 [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
101367371  PSPH; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: phosphoserine phosphatase [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
101381690  GCAT; 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
101377653  L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
101370846  ALAS1; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
101377080  ALAS2; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
101371621  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
101371926  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A isoform X1 [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
101383992  membrane primary amine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
101384831  AOC2; retina-specific copper amine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
101367098  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: membrane primary amine oxidase-like [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
101362792  GLDC; glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
101384417  AMT; aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
101382945  DLD; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
101376855  GCSH; glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]
101379995  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
101366504  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
101362965  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
101374221  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
101366741  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
101382040  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
101374983  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
101375790  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
101376112  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
101364868  DAO; D-amino-acid oxidase [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
101375130  AGXT2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
101386117  GATM; glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
101373126  GAMT; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]
101383233  CHDH; choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
101372739  ALDH7A1; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase isoform X1 [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
101373012  BHMT; betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 isoform X1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
101373953  DMGDH; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
101368709  PIPOX; peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
101363163  SARDH; sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]
101377523  GNMT; glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
101364319  CBS; cystathionine beta-synthase isoform X1 [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
101369937  CTH; cystathionine gamma-lyase isoform X1 [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
101371728  SDS; L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
101372026  SDSL; serine dehydratase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
101366494  SRR; serine racemase isoform X2 [KO:K12235] [EC:5.1.1.18]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
oro00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
oro00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
oro00230  Purine metabolism
oro00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
oro00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
oro00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
oro00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
oro00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
oro00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
oro00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
oro00620  Pyruvate metabolism
oro00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
oro00640  Propanoate metabolism
oro00860  Porphyrin metabolism
oro00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
LinkDB

DBGET integrated database retrieval system