KEGG   PATHWAY: bmus00260
Entry
bmus00260                   Pathway                                
Name
Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism - Balaenoptera musculus (blue whale)
Description
Serine is derived from 3-phospho-D-glycerate, an intermediate of glycolysis [MD:M00020], and glycine is derived from serine. Threonine is an essential amino acid, which animals cannot synthesize. In bacteria and plants, threonine is derived from aspartate [MD:M00018].
Class
Metabolism; Amino acid metabolism
Pathway map
bmus00260  Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism
bmus00260

Module
bmus_M00020  Serine biosynthesis, glycerate-3P => serine [PATH:bmus00260]
bmus_M00047  Creatine pathway [PATH:bmus00260]
bmus_M00338  Cysteine biosynthesis, homocysteine + serine => cysteine [PATH:bmus00260]
bmus_M00555  Betaine biosynthesis, choline => betaine [PATH:bmus00260]
bmus_M00621  Glycine cleavage system [PATH:bmus00260]
bmus_M00974  Betaine metabolism, animals, betaine => glycine [PATH:bmus00260]
Other DBs
GO: 0006544 0006563 0070178 0006566
Organism
Balaenoptera musculus (blue whale) [GN:bmus]
Gene
118887488  probable low-specificity L-threonine aldolase 2 [KO:K01620] [EC:4.1.2.48]
118886575  SHMT1; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, cytosolic isoform X1 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
118901928  SHMT2; serine hydroxymethyltransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00600] [EC:2.1.2.1]
118898116  AGXT; serine--pyruvate aminotransferase [KO:K00830] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.45 2.6.1.51]
118896801  GRHPR; glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase [KO:K00049] [EC:1.1.1.79 1.1.1.81]
118904149  GLYCTK; glycerate kinase isoform X1 [KO:K11529] [EC:2.7.1.165]
118900711  PGAM2; phosphoglycerate mutase 2 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
118882603  PGAM1; phosphoglycerate mutase 1 [KO:K01834] [EC:5.4.2.11]
118891256  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: bisphosphoglycerate mutase-like [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
118901329  BPGM; bisphosphoglycerate mutase [KO:K01837] [EC:5.4.2.4 5.4.2.11]
118901349  PHGDH; D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase [KO:K00058] [EC:1.1.1.95 1.1.1.399]
118896742  phosphoserine aminotransferase [KO:K00831] [EC:2.6.1.52]
118882107  PSPH; phosphoserine phosphatase isoform X1 [KO:K01079] [EC:3.1.3.3]
118902674  GCAT; 2-amino-3-ketobutyrate coenzyme A ligase, mitochondrial [KO:K00639] [EC:2.3.1.29]
118896595  L-threonine 3-dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K15789] [EC:1.1.1.103]
118903846  ALAS1; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, nonspecific, mitochondrial [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
118889268  ALAS2; 5-aminolevulinate synthase, erythroid-specific, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00643] [EC:2.3.1.37]
118888535  MAOB; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] B [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
118889164  MAOA; amine oxidase [flavin-containing] A [KO:K00274] [EC:1.4.3.4]
118886222  AOC3; membrane primary amine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
118886223  AOC2; retina-specific copper amine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
118886225  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: primary amine oxidase, liver isozyme-like [KO:K00276] [EC:1.4.3.21]
118896876  GLDC; glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), mitochondrial [KO:K00281] [EC:1.4.4.2]
118903779  AMT; aminomethyltransferase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00605] [EC:2.1.2.10]
118898130  LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial-like [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
118900721  DLD; LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00382] [EC:1.8.1.4]
118885262  GCSH; glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]
118893345  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like isoform X1 [KO:K02437]
118887075  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
118893621  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
118901030  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial [KO:K02437]
118888495  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
118894893  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
118896135  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
118902442  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
118883331  glycine cleavage system H protein, mitochondrial-like [KO:K02437]
118880285  DAO; D-amino-acid oxidase [KO:K00273] [EC:1.4.3.3]
118893637  AGXT2; alanine--glyoxylate aminotransferase 2, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00827] [EC:2.6.1.44 2.6.1.40]
118890289  GATM; glycine amidinotransferase, mitochondrial [KO:K00613] [EC:2.1.4.1]
118893576  GAMT; guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase [KO:K00542] [EC:2.1.1.2]
118903386  CHDH; choline dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00108] [EC:1.1.99.1]
118892669  alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase-like [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
118893577  ALDH7A1; alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase [KO:K14085] [EC:1.2.1.31 1.2.1.8 1.2.1.3]
118892398  BHMT; betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1 [KO:K00544] [EC:2.1.1.5]
118892301  DMGDH; dimethylglycine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial isoform X1 [KO:K00315] [EC:1.5.8.4]
118887340  PIPOX; peroxisomal sarcosine oxidase isoform X1 [KO:K00306] [EC:1.5.3.1 1.5.3.7]
118896710  SARDH; sarcosine dehydrogenase, mitochondrial [KO:K00314] [EC:1.5.8.3]
118903492  glycine N-methyltransferase [KO:K00552] [EC:2.1.1.20]
118894704  CBS; cystathionine beta-synthase isoform X1 [KO:K01697] [EC:4.2.1.22]
118900928  CTH; cystathionine gamma-lyase isoform X1 [KO:K01758] [EC:4.4.1.1]
118880237  SDSL; serine dehydratase-like [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
118906913  SDS; L-serine dehydratase/L-threonine deaminase isoform X1 [KO:K17989] [EC:4.3.1.17 4.3.1.19]
118886199  SRR; serine racemase isoform X1 [KO:K12235] [EC:5.1.1.18]
Compound
C00011  CO2
C00014  Ammonia
C00022  Pyruvate
C00037  Glycine
C00048  Glyoxylate
C00049  L-Aspartate
C00065  L-Serine
C00078  L-Tryptophan
C00097  L-Cysteine
C00101  Tetrahydrofolate
C00109  2-Oxobutanoate
C00114  Choline
C00143  5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
C00168  Hydroxypyruvate
C00188  L-Threonine
C00197  3-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00213  Sarcosine
C00258  D-Glycerate
C00263  L-Homoserine
C00300  Creatine
C00430  5-Aminolevulinate
C00441  L-Aspartate 4-semialdehyde
C00546  Methylglyoxal
C00576  Betaine aldehyde
C00581  Guanidinoacetate
C00631  2-Phospho-D-glycerate
C00719  Betaine
C00740  D-Serine
C00986  1,3-Diaminopropane
C01005  O-Phospho-L-serine
C01026  N,N-Dimethylglycine
C01102  O-Phospho-L-homoserine
C01242  [Protein]-S8-aminomethyldihydrolipoyllysine
C01888  Aminoacetone
C02051  Lipoylprotein
C02291  L-Cystathionine
C02737  Phosphatidylserine
C02972  Dihydrolipoylprotein
C03082  4-Phospho-L-aspartate
C03194  (R)-1-Aminopropan-2-ol
C03232  3-Phosphonooxypyruvate
C03283  L-2,4-Diaminobutanoate
C03508  L-2-Amino-3-oxobutanoic acid
C05519  L-Allothreonine
C06231  Ectoine
C06442  N(gamma)-Acetyldiaminobutyrate
C16432  5-Hydroxyectoine
C19929  N(alpha)-Acetyl-L-2,4-diaminobutyrate
Reference
  Authors
Nishizuka Y, Seyama Y, Ikai A, Ishimura Y, Kawaguchi A (eds).
  Title
[Cellular Functions and Metabolic Maps] (In Japanese)
  Journal
Tokyo Kagaku Dojin (1997)
Reference
PMID:11823218
  Authors
Kuhlmann AU, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically regulated synthesis of the compatible solute ectoine in Bacillus pasteurii and related Bacillus spp.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 68:772-83 (2002)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.68.2.772-783.2002
Reference
PMID:10473374
  Authors
Canovas D, Borges N, Vargas C, Ventosa A, Nieto JJ, Santos H.
  Title
Role of Ngamma-acetyldiaminobutyrate as an enzyme stabilizer and an intermediate in the biosynthesis of hydroxyectoine.
  Journal
Appl Environ Microbiol 65:3774-9 (1999)
DOI:10.1128/AEM.65.9.3774-3779.1999
Reference
PMID:17636255
  Authors
Bursy J, Pierik AJ, Pica N, Bremer E.
  Title
Osmotically induced synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved ectoine hydroxylase.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 282:31147-55 (2007)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.M704023200
Reference
PMID:16707670
  Authors
Garcia-Estepa R, Argandona M, Reina-Bueno M, Capote N, Iglesias-Guerra F, Nieto JJ, Vargas C.
  Title
The ectD gene, which is involved in the synthesis of the compatible solute hydroxyectoine, is essential for thermoprotection of the halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens.
  Journal
J Bacteriol 188:3774-84 (2006)
DOI:10.1128/JB.00136-06
Reference
PMID:15470257
  Authors
Arevalo-Rodriguez M, Pan X, Boeke JD, Heitman J
  Title
FKBP12 controls aspartate pathway flux in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to prevent toxic intermediate accumulation.
  Journal
Eukaryot Cell 3:1287-96 (2004)
DOI:10.1128/EC.3.5.1287-1296.2004
Reference
PMID:7639721
  Authors
Rees WD, Hay SM
  Title
The biosynthesis of threonine by mammalian cells: expression of a complete bacterial biosynthetic pathway in an animal cell.
  Journal
Biochem J 309 ( Pt 3):999-1007 (1995)
DOI:10.1042/bj3090999
Reference
PMID:11341914
  Authors
Jacques SL, Nieman C, Bareich D, Broadhead G, Kinach R, Honek JF, Wright GD
  Title
Characterization of yeast homoserine dehydrogenase, an antifungal target: the invariant histidine 309 is important for enzyme integrity.
  Journal
Biochim Biophys Acta 1544:28-41 (2001)
DOI:10.1016/S0167-4838(00)00203-X
Reference
PMID:15520012
  Authors
Chen X, Jhee KH, Kruger WD
  Title
Production of the neuromodulator H2S by cystathionine beta-synthase via the condensation of cysteine and homocysteine.
  Journal
J Biol Chem 279:52082-6 (2004)
DOI:10.1074/jbc.C400481200
Related
pathway
bmus00010  Glycolysis / Gluconeogenesis
bmus00020  Citrate cycle (TCA cycle)
bmus00230  Purine metabolism
bmus00250  Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism
bmus00270  Cysteine and methionine metabolism
bmus00290  Valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis
bmus00330  Arginine and proline metabolism
bmus00470  D-Amino acid metabolism
bmus00564  Glycerophospholipid metabolism
bmus00600  Sphingolipid metabolism
bmus00620  Pyruvate metabolism
bmus00630  Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism
bmus00640  Propanoate metabolism
bmus00860  Porphyrin metabolism
bmus00920  Sulfur metabolism
KO pathway
ko00260   
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